Electrochemical genosensors; Microfluidics; Nucleic acid biosensors; Pathogen detection; Point-of-care diagnostics; Early diagnosis; Electrochemical systems; High sensitivity; Low-costs; Nucleic acid biosensor; Point of care; Point of care diagnostic; Rapid response time; Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials; Computer Science (miscellaneous); Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics; Instrumentation; Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Abstract :
[en] Electrochemical genosensors have emerged as a powerful tool for the early diagnosis of pathogens, offering advantages such as high sensitivity, rapid response times, low cost, and easy adaptability for point-of-care applications. This review highlights recent advancements in CRISPR-Cas-integrated electrochemical systems, novel nanomaterial architectures, and label-free detection mechanisms. Key innovations include anisotropic gold nanostructures, MXene composites with exceptional conductivity, and poly(ortho-aminophenol) films, which enable attomolar detection limits for pathogens such as bacteria and parasites. We evaluate DNA hybridization-based approaches, emphasizing innovations in signal amplification strategies such as saltatory rolling circle amplification and self-assembled monolayers, which address specificity challenges in complex matrices. Additionally, we highlight the integration of electrochemical genosensors with microfluidic platforms, including automated sample-to-answer workflows and multiplexed detection architectures, which address traditional laboratory bottlenecks. By cataloging advancements in material science, bioreceptor design, and microfluidic automation, this work provides a comprehensive yet focused resource for researchers advancing the frontiers of rapid, portable pathogen diagnostics. Furthermore, we explore the commercial potential of these technologies, providing insights that could guide the development of highly sensitive, field-deployable biosensors for clinical and environmental applications.
Precision for document type :
Review article
Disciplines :
Biotechnology
Author, co-author :
Dehghan, A.; School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Iran
Kiani, M.J.; School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Iran
Gholizadeh, Ali ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Aérospatiale et Mécanique (A&M) ; School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Iran
Aminizadeh, J.; Center of Excellence in Energy Conversion (CEEC), School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Iran
Rahi, A.; Pathology and Stem cell Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Zare, I.; Research and Development Department, Sina Medical Biochemistry Technologies Co., Ltd, Shiraz, Iran
Pishbin, E.; Bio-microfluidics Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Iran
Heli, H.; Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Language :
English
Title :
Electrochemical genosensors on-a-chip: Applications in early diagnosis of pathogens
We would like to thank the Research Councils of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (31737) and Kerman University of Medical Sciences for supporting this research. The authors would also like to thank Center for Development of Clinical Research of Nemazee Hospital and, Dr. Nasrin Shokrpour for editorial assistance.
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