crop association; herbicide; intercropping; overland flow; soil conservation; Crop association; Field model; Field trial; Intercropping; Maize yield; Overland flow; Rainfall condition; Soil erosion; Soil loss; Surface flow; Water Science and Technology
Abstract :
[en] In Western Europe, the silt loam belt is highly vulnerable to erosion, especially in spring on fields cultivated with spring crops such as maize. Identifying conservation farming practices that reconcile agricultural production with soil and water protection is therefore critical. To this end, we evaluated the suitability of red fescue or white clover undersowing as well as strip-tillage to control runoff, soil loss, and herbicide surface loss in maize under natural rainfall conditions. Results were compared to a sole-maize control. The treatments were implemented in triplicate across six trial sites, distributed over three cropping seasons from 2021 to 2023. Weed control in the undersowing treatment proved particularly challenging due to herbicide constraints. Furthermore, no mitigation effect was observed on water, sediment, and herbicide surface flows, while maize yields were reduced by 11% on average compared to the control treatment. Although strip-tillage also resulted in an 11% loss in maize yields on average, it significantly decreased runoff (−31%) and soil loss (−60%) compared to the control. Based on the measured runoff and soil losses for the control and strip-tillage treatments, the process-based CREHDYS model was calibrated using a parsimonious approach. It was then used to conduct scenario analyses across a range of soil, rainfall and slope conditions found across the Belgian loess belt. On average across all scenarios, pluvial flood hazard was reduced by about half. Modelling of soil losses in strip-tillage proved insufficiently reliable, highlighting the need for improved characterisation of sediment fluxes in such systems. In spite of the disappointing results of undersowing in terms of yields and reduction in surface flows, future research could focus on other environmental benefits of this technique. For strip-tillage, strategies should be investigated to promote its adoption by farmers as a stepping stone towards no-till systems.
SPW DG03-DGARNE - Service Public de Wallonie. Direction Générale Opérationnelle Agriculture, Ressources naturelles et Environnement
Funding text :
Funding: This work was supported by Service Public de Wallonie, Direction G\u00E9n\u00E9rale Op\u00E9rationnelle Agriculture, Ressources Naturelles et Environnement by financing the Intell'eau project. We thank the Service Public de Wallonie, Direction G\u00E9n\u00E9rale Op\u00E9rationnelle Agriculture, Ressources Naturelles et Environnement for financing the Intell'eau project. We thank the farmers for hosting the field trials, and the CIPF technicians for helping with the experimental set-up and monitoring. This research has also benefitted from the statistical consult with Statistical Methodology and Computing Service, technological platform at UCLouvain\u2014SMCS/LIDAM. Computational resources for scenario analysis have been provided by the supercomputing facilities of the Universit\u00E9 catholique de Louvain (CISM/UCL).This work was supported by Service Public de Wallonie, Direction G\u00E9n\u00E9rale Op\u00E9rationnelle Agriculture, Ressources Naturelles et Environnement by financing the Intell'eau project. Funding:
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