Apple orchard; Conventional agriculture; Conventionalization; EAMIS; IPM; Organic agriculture; Smallholder agriculture; Social fabric; Sustainability assessment; Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics; Environmental Science (miscellaneous); Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous); Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Abstract :
[en] Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is a key perennial crop of global economic importance that faces several challenges associated with global change, particularly environmental degradation and climate change. This is due in part to its ecological requirements, including its significant reliance upon managed and wild pollinators that are susceptible to land use/land cover change, as well as climate change. Commercial apple production is performed either following “Conventional agriculture” (CA), “Integrated Pest Management'' (IPM) or “organic agriculture” (OA) production schemes. OA is sometimes described as the preferred strategy to mitigate the vulnerability of apple production in a context of environmental pressures. In this study, we aimed to test the validity of these claims and to identify key sustainability attributes by assessing the sustainability of apple orchards located in Puebla (Mexico). Specifically, we compared the three agricultural management systems described above (“CA” vs. “IPM” vs. “OA'') using a range of sustainability indicators and classification approaches. Our results provide evidence for strong contrasts in sustainability among agricultural management systems, and highlight social organization as the critical attribute towards sustainability in commercial apple production. Our results reiterate the influence of peasant organizations on the effective adoption of sustainable management systems, and the importance of the social fabric to cope with the obstacles towards sustainability faced by agricultural management systems in Mexico. Therefore, the results suggest a need to strengthen agreements and collective actions to increase the probability of success in the implementation of sustainable management systems.
Disciplines :
Entomology & pest control Social work & social policy Environmental sciences & ecology
Author, co-author :
Calderón-Uraga, Eduardo; Grupo Ecología Microbiana Funcional Del Suelo y Protección Ambiental, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias – UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
Cabirol, Nathalie ; Grupo Ecología Microbiana Funcional Del Suelo y Protección Ambiental, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias – UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
Rojas-Oropeza, Marcelo; Grupo Ecología Microbiana Funcional Del Suelo y Protección Ambiental, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias – UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael Alejandro; Departamento de Zoología – Instituto de Biología, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
Leclercq, Nicolas ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Biodiversité, Ecosystème et Paysage (BEP)
Vereecken, Nicolas J.; Agroecology Lab, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
Language :
English
Title :
Sustainability and the social fabric in commercial apple orchards in Puebla, Mexico
Vereecken N. reports financial support was provided by Belgium Fund for Scientific Research. Vereecken N. reports financial support was provided by Research Foundation Flanders. This work was supported by the (i) \u201CFonds National de la Recherche Scientifique\u201D (F.R.S.-FNRS) and the (ii) \u201CFonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek\u201D (FWO) joint programme \u201CEOS \u2013 Excellence Of Science\u201D (Belgium) for the project named \u201CCliPS: Climate change and its effects on Pollination Services (project 30947854)\", and by (iii) the \u201CFonds Van Buuren & Fondation Jaumotte Demoulin\u201D.We thank Biol. Mariana de la Cruz Alquicira for carrying out the taxonomic work of the flower visitors. We thank the working group assembled to carry out the field work. We thank MSc Arcadio Hern\u00E1ndez Bautista, coordinator of the National Campaign against Fruit Flies of the State Committee for Health Plant of Puebla (CESAVEP) for being our first contact with the apple producers and assisting us during the fieldwork. We thank the apple growers from the municipalities of Lafragua, Guadalupe Victoria and San Salvador El Seco, for allowing us to work in their apple orchards. This work was supported by the (i) \u201CFonds National de la Recherche Scientifique\u201D (F.R.S.-FNRS) and the (ii) \u201CFonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek\u201D (FWO) joint programme \u201CEOS \u2013 Excellence of Science\u201D (Belgium) for the project named \u201CCliPS: Climate change and its effects on Pollination Services (project 30947854)\", and by (iii) the \u201CFonds Van Buuren & Fondation Jaumotte Demoulin\u201D. Led by the Free University of Brussels in collaboration with the Ghent University and the University of Mons.We thank Biol. Mariana de la Cruz Alquicira for carrying out the taxonomic work of the flower visitors. We thank the working group assembled to carry out the field work. We thank MSc Arcadio Hern\u00E1ndez Bautista, coordinator of the National Campaign against Fruit Flies of the State Committee for Health Plant of Puebla (CESAVEP) for being our first contact with the apple producers and assisting us during the fieldwork. We thank the apple growers from the municipalities of Lafragua, Guadalupe Victoria and San Salvador El Seco, for allowing us to work in their apple orchards. This work was supported by the (i) \u201CFonds National de la Recherche Scientifique\u201D (F.R.S.-FNRS) and the (ii) \u201CFonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek\u201D (FWO) joint programme \u201CEOS \u2013 Excellence of Science\u201D (Belgium) for the project named \u201CCliPS: Climate change and its effects on Pollination Services (project 30947854)\", and by (iii) the \u201CFonds Van Buuren & Fondation Jaumotte Demoulin\u201D. Led by the Free University of Brussels in collaboration with the Ghent University and the University of Mons.
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