mosquitoes; pathogen transmission; sand flies; skin immune defense; ticks; vector saliva; vector-borne disease; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology (medical); Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Abstract :
[en] Infections caused by vector-borne pathogens impose a significant burden of morbidity and mortality in a global scale. In their quest for blood, hematophagous arthropods penetrate the host skin and may transmit pathogens by the bite. These pathogens are deposited along with saliva and a complex mixture of vector derived factors. Hematophagous arthopod vectors have evolved a complex array of adaptations to modulate the host immune response at the bite site with the primary goal to improve blood feeding, which have been exploited throughout evolution by these pathogens to enhance infection establishment in the host. While this paradigm has been firmly established in mouse models, comparable data from human studies are scarce. Here we review how the host skin immune response to vector bites in animal models is hijacked by microbes to promote their pathogenesis. We mainly explored four distinct vector-pathogen pairs of global health importance: sand flies and Leishmania parasites, Ixodes scapularis ticks and Borrelia burgdorferi, Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and arboviruses, and Anopheles gambiae mosquitos and Plasmodium parasites. Finally, we outline how critical it is for the field of vector biology to shift from rodent models to clinical studies focused on the interface of vector-pathogen-host immune system to push further the frontiers of knowledge of the field.
Precision for document type :
Review article
Disciplines :
Immunology & infectious disease
Author, co-author :
Lacsina, Joshua R.; Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, United States
Kissinger, Ryan; Visual and Medical Arts Unit, Research Technologies Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, United States
Doehl, Johannes S. P.; Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, United States
Disotuar, Maria M.; Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, United States
Short, Mara; Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, United States
Lowe, Elliot; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, United States
Oristian, James; Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, United States ; Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, United States
Sonenshine, Daniel; Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, United States
DeSouza-Vieira, Thiago; Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Centro de Pesquisa, Inovação e Vigilância em COVID-19 e Emergências Sanitárias - Instituto Oswaldo Cruz – Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Petrellis, Georgios ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH) > FARAH: Santé publique vétérinaire ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des maladies infectieuses et parasitaires (DMI) > Parasitologie vétérinaire et maladies parasitaires animales ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des maladies infectieuses et parasitaires (DMI) > Immunologie vétérinaire
Language :
English
Title :
Host skin immunity to arthropod vector bites: from mice to humans
The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This work was supported by the NIAID Intramural Research Program, the NIAID Transition Program in Clinical Research, and the NIH Bench-to-Bedside Program 2016 from the NIH Clinical Center, Dimensions Sciences, and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u0131f\u00EDco e Tecnol\u00F3gico (CNPq).
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