[en] 1. Most tree species can suffer from inbreeding depression (ID), which they escape by reproducing predominantly through outcrossing. A remarkable exception is Pericopsis elata, an African timber species naturally producing 54% of self- fertilized seeds in the eastern Congo Basin. This species is highly logged and suffers from a deficit of natural regeneration, so that silviculture is needed for its sustainable management. While selecting good genetic material can increase the value of plantations, we lack fundamental biological knowledge on the effect of inbreed- ing and competition on growth potential, variability in leaf traits and phenotypic plasticity (PP). We hypothesize that ID in P. elata could result from the expression of deleterious mutations affecting functional traits, or from a reduction of adap- tive PP in inbred genotypes.
2. To test our hypotheses, 540 P. elata seedlings were monitored for 4 years in a Nelder- type device, in which trees were planted along concentric circles to gener- ate a density gradient. Nine leaf morphological traits (including specific leaf area, stomata density and size), eight leaf chemical traits, diameter and total height were measured regularly on 60 individuals, while paternity analyses allowed dis- tinguishing inbred and outbred plants. To explain the observed ID on growth, we tested whether inbreeding affected leaf traits and/or their plasticity expressed across years, across the density gradient or across sunlight exposure.
3. Outbred plants grew faster than inbred ones, demonstrating ID for each level of competition. Despite the significant correlation found between specific LA and growth, and the impact of planting density, plant age and leaf exposure to sunlight on multiple traits, mean leaf trait values did not differ according to inbreeding. However, a few leaf traits (chlorophyll content, maximum stomatal water vapour conductance and leaf fresh mass) showed significantly higher plasticity in outbred than inbred plants.
4. Synthesis. The observed ID on growth traits was not explained by a direct effect of inbreeding on the mean values of leaf traits but possibly by a reduction in PP with inbreeding. Additional studies on the interplay between ID, functional traits and plasticity should be conducted at the intraspecific level to identify general patterns.
Research Center/Unit :
TERRA Research Centre. Gestion des ressources forestières - ULiège
Disciplines :
Genetics & genetic processes
Author, co-author :
Ngongo, Jean Pierre ; Department of Natural and Renewable Resources Management, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences University of Kindu Kindu Democratic Republic of the Congo ; Faculty of Sciences University of Kisangani Kisangani Democratic Republic of the Congo ; Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, CP 160/12, Faculty of Sciences Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
Kafuti, Chadrack; UGCT‐Woodlab‐UGent, Laboratory of Wood Technology Ghent University Ghent Belgium ; Service of Wood Biology Royal Museum for Central Africa Tervuren Belgium ; Department of Natural Resources Management, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo
Beeckman, Hans; Service of Wood Biology Royal Museum for Central Africa Tervuren Belgium
Ndjele, Léopold; Faculty of Sciences University of Kisangani Kisangani Democratic Republic of the Congo
Ibrahim, Espoir; Faculty of Sciences University of Kisangani Kisangani Democratic Republic of the Congo
Ilunga-Mulala Mushagalusa, Crispin ; Université de Liège - ULiège > TERRA Research Centre ; Faculté des Sciences Université du Cinquantenaire de Lwiro Lwiro Democratic Republic of the Congo
Hatakiwe, Hulda; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Bogor Indonesia
Brostaux, Yves ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Modélisation et développement
Angbonda, Dieu‐Merci Assumani; Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, CP 160/12, Faculty of Sciences Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium ; Faculté de Gestion des Ressources Naturelles Renouvelables Université de Kisangani Kisangani Democratic Republic of Congo ; Institut National Pour l'Etude et la Recherche Agronomiques de Yangambi (INERA‐Yangambi) Yangambi Democratic Republic of the Congo
Drouet, Thomas; Plant Ecology and Biogeochemistry, CP 244, Faculty of Sciences Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
Bourland, Nils ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Forêts, Nature et Paysage > Laboratoire de Foresterie des régions tropicales et subtropicales ; Service of Wood Biology Royal Museum for Central Africa Tervuren Belgium ; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Bogor Indonesia ; Ressources &, Synergies Development Singapore Singapore
Hardy, Olivier J.; Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, CP 160/12, Faculty of Sciences Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
Language :
English
Title :
Inbreeding depression, functional traits and phenotypic plasticity in an endangered tree species with a mixed mating system
Alternative titles :
[fr] Dépression de consanguinité, traits fonctionnels et plasticité phénotypique chez une espèce d'arbre menacée avec un système d'accouplement mixte
Original title :
[en] Inbreeding depression, functional traits and phenotypic plasticity in an endangered tree species with a mixed mating system
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