Stars: individual: TOI-5720; Stars: individual: TOI-6008; Stars: individual: TOI-6086; Techniques: photometric; Techniques: radial velocities; Exo-planets; Short periods; Star: individual: TOI-5720; Star: individual: TOI-6008; Star: individual: TOI-6086; Stars: individual: proxima Centauri; Astronomy and Astrophysics; Space and Planetary Science
Abstract :
[en] One of the main goals of the NASA Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission is the discovery of Earth-like planets around nearby M-dwarf stars. We present the discovery and validation of three new short-period Earth-sized planets orbiting nearby M dwarfs: TOI-5720 b, TOI-6008 b, and TOI-6086 b. We combined TESS data, ground-based multicolor light curves, ground-based optical and near-infrared spectroscopy, and Subaru/IRD radial velocity data to validate the planetary candidates and constrain the physical parameters of the systems. In addition, we used archival images, high-resolution imaging, and statistical validation techniques to support the planetary validation. TOI-5720 b is an Earth-sized planet with a radius of Rp = 1.09 ± 0.07 Rp. It orbits a nearby (36 pc) M 2.5 host with an orbital period of P = 1.4344555 ± 0.0000036 days. It has an equilibrium temperature of Teq = 708 ± 19 K (assuming a null albedo) and an incident flux of Sp = 41.7 ± 4.5 Sp. TOI-6008 b is a short-period planet of P = 0.8574347 ± 0.0000424 day. It has a radius of Rp = 1.03 ± 0.05 Rp, an equilibrium temperature of Teq = 707 ± 19 K, and an incident flux of Sp = 41.5 ± 4.5 Sp. The host star (TOI-6008) is a nearby (23 pc) M 5 with an effective temperature of Teff = 3075 ± 75 K. Based on the radial velocity measurements collected with Subaru/IRD, we set a 3upper limit of Mp < 4 Mp, thus ruling out a star or brown dwarf as the transiting companion. TOI-6086 b orbits its nearby (32 pc) M 3 host star (Teff = 3200 ± 75 K) every 1.3888725 ± 0.0000827 days and has a radius of Rp = 1.18 ± 0.07 Rp, an equilibrium temperature of Teq = 634 ± 16 K, and an incident flux of Sp = 26.8 ± 2.7 Sp. Additional high-precision radial velocity measurements are needed to derive the planetary masses and bulk densities and to search for additional planets in the systems. Moreover, short-period Earth-sized planets orbiting around nearby M dwarfs are suitable targets for an atmospheric characterization with the James Webb Space Telescope through transmission and emission spectroscopy and phase-curve photometry.
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Barkaoui, Khalid ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Exoplanets in Transit: Identification and Characterization ; Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States ; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Tenerife, Spain
Schwarz, R.P. ; Center for Astrophysics, Harvard and Smithsonian, Cambridge, United States
Narita, N. ; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Tenerife, Spain ; Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ; Astrobiology Center, Tokyo, Japan
Mistry, P. ; Department of Physics, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, India
Magliano, C. ; Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy ; INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Napoli, Italy ; INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Napoli, Italy
Hirano, T. ; Astrobiology Center, Tokyo, Japan ; National Astronomical Observatory, Tokyo, Japan
Maity, M. ; Department of Physics, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
Burgasser, A.J. ; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California San Diego, United States
Rackham, B.V. ; Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States ; Department of Physics, Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
Murgas, F.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Tenerife, Spain ; Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de la Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
Pozuelos, F.J. ; Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Granada, Spain
Stassun, K.G. ; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
Everett, M.E. ; NSF s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory, Tucson, United States
Ciardi, D.R. ; NASA Exoplanet Science Institute-Caltech/IPAC, Pasadena, United States
Lamman, C. ; Center for Astrophysics, Harvard and Smithsonian, Cambridge, United States
Pass, E.K. ; Center for Astrophysics, Harvard and Smithsonian, Cambridge, United States
Bieryla, A. ; Center for Astrophysics, Harvard and Smithsonian, Cambridge, United States
Aganze, C. ; Department of Physics, Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, University of California San Diego, United States ; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
Esparza-Borges, E. ; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Tenerife, Spain
Collins, K.A. ; Center for Astrophysics, Harvard and Smithsonian, Cambridge, United States
Covone, G. ; Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy ; INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Napoli, Italy ; INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Napoli, Italy
De Leon, J. ; Department of Multi-Disciplinary Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Dévora-Pajares, M. ; Dpt. Física Teórica y Del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
De Wit, J. ; Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
Fukuda, Izuru ; Department of Multi-Disciplinary Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Fukui, A. ; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Tenerife, Spain ; Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Gerasimov, R. ; Department of Physics, Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, University of California San Diego, United States ; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, United States
Gillon, Michaël ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO)
Hayashi, Y. ; Department of Multi-Disciplinary Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Howell, S.B. ; NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, United States
Ikoma, M. ; Division of Science, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
Ikuta, K. ; Department of Multi-Disciplinary Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Jenkins, J.M. ; NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, United States
Karpoor, P.R. ; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California San Diego, United States
Kawai, Y. ; Department of Multi-Disciplinary Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Kimura, T.; Division of Science, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
Kotani, T.; Astrobiology Center, Tokyo, Japan ; National Astronomical Observatory, Tokyo, Japan ; Astronomical Science Program, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Tokyo, Japan
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Pallé, E.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Tenerife, Spain ; Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de la Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
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Ricker, G. ; Department of Physics, Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
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