Wolf 327b: A new member of the pack of ultra-short-period super-Earths around M dwarfs

planets and satellites: detection; planets and satellites: terrestrial planets; stars: individual: Wolf 327; stars: late-type; techniques: photometric; techniques: radial velocities; Planet and satellite: terrestrial planet; Planets and satellites; Planets and satellites: detections; Short periods; Star: individual: wolf 327; Stars: individual: proxima Centauri; Stars:late type; Techniques: photometric; Techniques: radial velocities; Terrestrial planets; Astronomy and Astrophysics; Space and Planetary Science

Abstract :

Planets with orbital periods shorter than 1 day are rare and have formation histories that are not completely understood. Small (Rp < 2 R⊕) ultra-short-period (USP) planets are highly irradiated, probably have rocky compositions with high bulk densities, and are often found in multi-planet systems. Additionally, USP planets found around small stars are excellent candidates for characterization using present-day instrumentation. Of the current full sample of approximately 5500 confirmed exoplanets, only 130 are USP planets and around 40 have mass and radius measurements. Wolf 327 (TOI-5747) is an M dwarf (R★ = 0.406 ± 0.015 R☉, M★ = 0.405 ± 0.019 M☉, Teff = 3542 ± 70 K, and V = 13 mag) located at a distance d = 28.5 pc. NASA’s planet hunter satellite, TESS, detected transits in this star with a period of 0.573 day (13.7 h) and with a transit depth of 818 ppm. Ground-based follow-up photometry, high resolution imaging, and radial velocity (RV) measurements taken with the CARMENES spectrograph confirm the presence of this new USP planet. Wolf 327b is a super-Earth with a radius of Rp = 1.24 ± 0.06 R⊕ and a mass of Mp = 2.53 ± 0.46 M⊕, yielding a bulk density of 7.24 ± 1.66 g cm−3 and thus suggesting a rocky composition. Owing to its close proximity to its host star (a = 0.01 au), Wolf 327b has an equilibrium temperature of 996 ± 22 K. This planet has a mass and radius similar to K2-229b, a planet with an inferred Mercury-like internal composition. Planet interior models suggest that Wolf 327b has a large iron core, a small rocky mantle, and a negligible (if any) H/He atmosphere.

Disciplines :

Space science, astronomy & astrophysics

Author, co-author :

Murgas, F. ; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Spain ; Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain

Pallé, E.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Spain ; Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain

Orell-Miquel, J. ; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Spain ; Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain

Carleo, I. ; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Spain ; Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain

Peña-Moñino, L. ; Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Granada, Spain

Pérez-Torres, M.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Granada, Spain ; Center for Astroparticles and High Energy Physics (CAPA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain ; School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus

Watkins, C.N.; Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, United States

Jeffers, S.V.; Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Göttingen, Germany

Azzaro, M. ; Centro Astronónomico Hispano en Andalucía, Almería, Spain

Barkaoui, Khalid ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Exoplanets in Transit: Identification and Characterization ; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Spain ; Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States

More authors (45 more)

Language :

English

Title :

Wolf 327b: A new member of the pack of ultra-short-period super-Earths around M dwarfs

Publication date :

2024

Journal title :

Astronomy and Astrophysics

ISSN :

0004-6361

eISSN :

1432-0746

Publisher :

EDP Sciences

Volume :

684

Pages :

A83

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Funding text :

CARMENES is an instrument at the Centro Astron\u00F3mico Hispano en Andaluc\u00EDa (CAHA) at Calar Alto (Almer\u00EDa, Spain), operated jointly by the Junta de Andaluc\u00EDa and the Instituto de Astrof\u00EDsica de Andaluc\u00EDa (CSIC). CARMENES was funded by the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG), the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00EDficas (CSIC), the Ministerio de Econom\u00EDa y Competitividad (MINECO) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through projects FICTS-2011-02, ICTS-2017-07-CAHA-4, and CAHA16-CE-3978, and the members of the CARMENES Consortium (Max-Planck-Institut f\u00FCr Astronomie, Instituto de Astrof\u00EDsica de Andaluc\u00EDa, Landessternwarte K\u00F6nigstuhl, Institut de Ci\u00E8ncies de l\u2019Espai, Institut f\u00FCr Astrophysik G\u00F6ttingen, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Th\u00FCringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Instituto de Astrof\u00EDsica de Canarias, Hamburger Sternwarte, Cen-tro de Astrobiolog\u00EDa and Centro Astron\u00F3mico Hispano-Alem\u00E1n), with additional contributions by the MINECO, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through the Major Research Instrumentation Programme and Research Unit FOR2544 \u201CBlue Planets around Red Stars\u201D, the Klaus Tschira Stiftung, the states of Baden-W\u00FCrttemberg and Niedersachsen, and by the Junta de Andaluc\u00EDa. This paper includes data collected by the TESS mission, which are publicly available from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). Funding for the TESS mission is provided by NASA\u2019s Science Mission directorate. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center for the production of the SPOC data products. We acknowledge the use of public TESS data from pipelines at the TESS Science Office and at the TESS Science Processing Operations Center. This research has made use of the Exoplanet Follow-up Observation Program website, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program. This work makes use of observations from the LCOGT network. Part of the LCOGT telescope time was granted by NOIRLab through the Mid-Scale Innovations Program (MSIP). MSIP is funded by NSF. The Joan Or\u00F3 Telescope (TJO) of the Montsec Observatory (OdM) is owned by the Catalan Government and operated by the Institute for Space Studies of Catalonia (IEEC). This work is partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP18H05439, JST CREST Grant Number JPMJCR1761. This article is based on observations made with the MuSCAT2 instrument, developed by ABC, at Telescopio Carlos S\u00E1nchez operated on the island of Tenerife by the IAC in the Spanish Observatorio del Teide. This paper is based on observations made with the MuSCAT3 instrument, developed by the Astrobiology Center and under financial supports by JSPS KAKENHI (JP18H05439) and JST PRESTO (JPMJPR1775), at Faulkes Telescope North on Maui, HI, operated by the Las Cumbres Observatory. Some of the data presented herein were obtained at Keck Observatory, which is a private 501(c)3 nonprofit organization operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. The authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Maunakea has always had within the Native Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. This research has made use of the Exoplanet Follow-up Observation Program (ExoFOP; DOI: 10.26134/Exo-FOP5) website, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program. We acknowledge financial support from the Agencia Estatal de Investigati\u00F3n (AEI/10.13039/501100011033) of the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovati\u00F3n and the ERDF \u201CA way of making Europe\u201D through projects PID2022-137241NB-C4[1:4], PID2021-125627OB-C3[1:2], PID2019-109522GB-C5[1:4], PID2019-107061GB-C61, and RYC2021-031640-I, and the Centre of Excellence \u201CSevero Ochoa\u201D and \u201CMar\u00EDa de Maeztu\u201D awards to the Insti-tuto de Astrof\u00EDsica de Canarias (CEX2019-000920-S), Instituto de Astrof\u00EDsica de Andaluc\u00EDa (CEX2021-001131-S) and Institut de Ci\u00E8ncies de l\u2019Espai (CEX2020-001058-M). This work was also funded by the Generalitat de Catalunya/CERCA programme; the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Program of Development; the Massachusetts Institute of Technology through the TESS mission via subaward s3449; the University of La Laguna under the EU Next Generation funds through the Margarita Salas Fellowship from the Ministerio de Universidades ref. UNI/551/2021-May 26; the DFG through the priority program SPP 1992 \u201CExploring the Diversity of Extrasolar Planets\u201D (JE 701/5-1); the DFG through the Major Research Instrumentation Programme and Research Unit FOR2544 \u201CBlue Planets around Red Stars\u201D; the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract 80NM0018D0004 with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; the Francqui Foundation and the F.R.S.-FNRS through grant T.0109.20; and IPAC through a Visiting Research Fellowship. The results reported herein benefited from collaborations and/or information exchange within NASA\u2019s Nexus for Exoplanet System Science (NExSS) research coordination network sponsored by NASA\u2019s Science Mission Directorate under Agreement No. 80NSSC21K0593 for the program \u201CAlien Earths\u201D.CARMENES is an instrument at the Centro Astron\u00F3mico Hispano en Andaluc\u00EDa (CAHA) at Calar Alto (Almer\u00EDa, Spain), operated jointly by the Junta de Andaluc\u00EDa and the Instituto de Astrof\u00EDsica de Andaluc\u00EDa (CSIC). CARMENES was funded by the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG), the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00EDficas (CSIC), the Ministerio de Econom\u00EDa y Competitividad (MINECO) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through projects FICTS-2011-02, ICTS-2017-07-CAHA-4, and CAHA16-CE-3978, and the members of the CARMENES Consortium (Max-Planck-Institut f\u00FCr Astronomie, Instituto de Astrof\u00EDsica de Andaluc\u00EDa, Landessternwarte K\u00F6nigstuhl, Institut de Ci\u00E8ncies de l\u2019Espai, Institut f\u00FCr Astrophysik G\u00F6ttingen, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Th\u00FCringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Instituto de Astrof\u00EDsica de Canarias, Hamburger Sternwarte, Centro de Astrobiolog\u00EDa and Centro Astron\u00F3mico Hispano-Alem\u00E1n), with additional contributions by the MINECO, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through the Major Research Instrumentation Programme and Research Unit FOR2544 \u201CBlue Planets around Red Stars\u201D, the Klaus Tschira Stiftung, the states of Baden-W\u00FCrttemberg and Niedersachsen, and by the Junta de Andaluc\u00EDa. This paper includes data collected by the TESS mission, which are publicly available from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). Funding for the TESS mission is provided by NASA\u2019s Science Mission directorate. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center for the production of the SPOC data products. We acknowledge the use of public TESS data from pipelines at the TESS Science Office and at the TESS Science Processing Operations Center. This research has made use of the Exoplanet Follow-up Observation Program website, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program. This work makes use of observations from the LCOGT network. Part of the LCOGT telescope time was granted by NOIRLab through the Mid-Scale Innovations Program (MSIP). MSIP is funded by NSF. The Joan Or\u00F3 Telescope (TJO) of the Montsec Observatory (OdM) is owned by the Catalan Government and operated by the Institute for Space Studies of Catalonia (IEEC). This work is partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP18H05439, JST CREST Grant Number JPMJCR1761. This article is based on observations made with the MuSCAT2 instrument, developed by ABC, at Telescopio Carlos S\u00E1nchez operated on the island of Tenerife by the IAC in the Spanish Observatorio del Teide. This paper is based on observations made with the MuSCAT3 instrument, developed by the Astrobiology Center and under financial supports by JSPS KAKENHI (JP18H05439) and JST PRESTO (JPMJPR1775), at Faulkes Telescope North on Maui, HI, operated by the Las Cumbres Observatory. Some of the data presented herein were obtained at Keck Observatory, which is a private 501(c)3 nonprofit organization operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. The authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Maunakea has always had within the Native Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. This research has made use of the Exoplanet Follow-up Observation Program (ExoFOP; DOI: 10.26134/Exo-FOP5) website, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program. We acknowledge financial support from the Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00F3n (AEI/10.13039/501100011033) of the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00F3n and the ERDF \u201CA way of making Europe\u201D through projects PID2022-137241NB-C4[1:4], PID2021-125627OB-C3[1:2], PID2019-109522GB-C5[1:4], PID2019-107061GB-C61, and RYC2021-031640-I, and the Centre of Excellence \u201CSevero Ochoa\u201D and \u201CMar\u00EDa de Maeztu\u201D awards to the Instituto de Astrof\u00EDsica de Canarias (CEX2019-000920-S), Instituto de Astrof\u00EDsica de Andaluc\u00EDa (CEX2021-001131-S) and Institut de Ci\u00E8ncies de l\u2019Espai (CEX2020-001058-M). This work was also funded by the Generalitat de Catalunya/CERCA programme; the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Program of Development; the Massachusetts Institute of Technology through the TESS mission via subaward s3449; the University of La Laguna under the EU Next Generation funds through the Margarita Salas Fellowship from the Ministerio de Universidades ref. UNI/551/2021-May 26; the DFG through the priority program SPP 1992 \u201CExploring the Diversity of Extrasolar Planets\u201D (JE 701/5-1); the DFG through the Major Research Instrumentation Programme and Research Unit FOR2544 \u201CBlue Planets around Red Stars\u201D; the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract 80NM0018D0004 with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; the Francqui Foundation and the F.R.S.-FNRS through grant T.0109.20; and IPAC through a Visiting Research Fellowship. The results reported herein benefited from collaborations and/or information exchange within NASA\u2019s Nexus for Exoplanet System Science (NExSS) research coordination network sponsored by NASA\u2019s Science Mission Directorate under Agreement No. 80NSSC21K0593 for the program \u201CAlien Earths\u201D.

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