[en] Anaplasmosis is a tick-borne disease (TBDs) caused by Anaplasma spp. In areas where TBDs are endemic, it is crucial to consider the animals' immunological status in relation to these diseases. The true prevalence of bovine anaplasmosis, the percentage of animals with protective antibodies against this TBD, and the diagnostic characteristics of three tests (multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR), competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA), and blood smear (BS)) were estimated using a Bayesian approach. A total of 620 samples were collected in two subtropical areas of Ecuador. A significant finding of this study is that approximately 70% of cattle in those endemic areas harbored protective antibodies against Anaplasma marginale. This elevated percentage may stem from persistent exposure with a high pathogen prevalence in ticks. The decline in cELISA specificity must be attributed to cross-reactivity with protective antibodies against Anaplasma spp. It is crucial to interpret this test outcome alongside exposure history and clinical manifestations. The elevated apparent prevalence detected by cELISA and BS should be contextualized with mPCR results. The high seroprevalence and infrequent clinical outbreaks suggest that the pathogen has achieved endemic stability. This study provides valuable insights into the dynamics of anaplasmosis in endemic areas and may serve as a foundation for devising TBDs control strategies in these areas.
Disciplines :
Veterinary medicine & animal health
Author, co-author :
Paucar-Quishpe, Valeria; Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis applied to Veterinary Science (UREAR-ULiège), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH) Center/Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Liège, Belgium ; Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
Berkvens, Dirk; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
Pérez-Otáñez, Ximena; Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador ; Georges Lemaitre Centre for Earth and Climate Research, Earth & Life Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Rodríguez-Hidalgo, Richar; Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador ; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
Cepeda-Bastidas, Darío ; Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
Perez, Cecilia ; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
Guasumba, Yadira; Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
Balseca, Daniela; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador ; Centro de Biología, Universidad Central del Ecuador. Quito, Ecuador
Villareal, Kamilo; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador. Quito, Ecuador
Chavez Larrea, María Augusta ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH) ; Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Humana (GISAH), Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador
Enríquez, Sandra; Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
Grijalva, Jorge; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
Vanwambeke, Sophie O; Georges Lemaitre Centre for Earth and Climate Research, Earth & Life Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Saegerman, Claude ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des maladies infectieuses et parasitaires (DMI) > Epidémiologie et analyse des risques appliqués aux sciences vétérinaires
Ron-Garrido, Lenin; Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador ; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
Academy of Research and Higher Education (ARES) The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Our thanks to the Instituto de Investigaci\u00F3n en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador (UCE), UCLouvain and the University of Li\u00E8ge for their collaboration in this project, as well as to the students and professionals who assisted with the fieldwork, and to all the farmers who participated.
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