[en] Toothed whales (odontocetes) emit high-frequency underwater sounds (echolocate)-an extreme and unique innovation allowing them to sense their prey and environment. Their highly specialized mandible (lower jaw) allows high-frequency sounds to be transmitted back to the inner ear. Echolocation is evident in the earliest toothed whales, but little research has focused on the evolution of mandibular form regarding this unique adaptation. Here, we use a high-density, three-dimensional geometric morphometric analysis of 100 living and extinct cetacean species spanning their ∼50-million-year evolutionary history. Our analyses demonstrate that most shape variation is found in the relative length of the jaw and the mandibular symphysis. The greatest morphological diversity was obtained during two periods of rapid evolution: the initial evolution of archaeocetes (stem whales) in the early to mid-Eocene as they adapted to an aquatic lifestyle, representing one of the most extreme adaptive transitions known, and later on in the mid-Oligocene odontocetes as they became increasingly specialized for a range of diets facilitated by increasingly refined echolocation. Low disparity in the posterior mandible suggests the shape of the acoustic window, which receives sound, has remained conservative since the advent of directional hearing in the aquatic archaeocetes, even as the earliest odontocetes began to receive sounds from echolocation. Diet, echolocation, feeding method, and dentition type strongly influence mandible shape. Unlike in the toothed whale cranium, we found no significant asymmetry in the mandible. We suggest that a combination of refined echolocation and associated dietary specializations have driven morphology and disparity in the toothed whale mandible.
Disciplines :
Sciences de la terre & géographie physique
Auteur, co-auteur :
Coombs, Ellen J ; Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10th St & Constitution Ave NW, Washington, DC 20560, USA, Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK. Electronic address: coombse@si.edu
Knapp, Andrew; Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
Park, Travis; Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
McCurry, Matthew R; Australian Museum Research Institute, 1 William Street, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia, Earth & Sustainability Science Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences (BEES), University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia, Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
Lanzetti, Agnese; Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK, School of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
Boessenecker, Robert W; University of California Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
McGowen, Michael R; Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10th St & Constitution Ave NW, Washington, DC 20560, USA
Langue du document :
Anglais
Titre :
Drivers of morphological evolution in the toothed whale jaw.
This research was funded by the Smithsonian Peter Buck Fellowship to E.J.C. E.J.C.’s data collection was also supported by previous funding from the UCL Bogue Fellowship and the Palaeontological Association Stan Wood Award . R.F.B. was funded by a FRIA PhD fellowship (grant number FC 23645 ) from the FNRS (Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique). T.P. was funded by a Leverhulme Trust Research Project grant ( RPG-2019-323 ) and an Australian Research Council DECRA Fellowship ( DE220101296 ). Special thanks go to Richard Sabin for his help and support throughout and for access to specimens at the NHMUK. We would like to thank Emily Watt for her helpful discussion on mandible morphology. Thanks also go to the many curators and museum staff who helped E.J.C. and R.F.B. collect scan data, especially to Jorge Velez-Juarbe at the LACM and Marisa Surovy, Sara Ketelsen, and Eleanor Hoeger at the AMNH. Finally, thank you to Rachel Racicot for her constructive and expert feedback on our work and to anonymous reviewers for giving their time and expertise to improve our manuscript. E.J.C.: This work is dedicated to my son, Jude, who, with his good grace and sweet nature, slept and played while I worked on the manuscript. Thank you Jude; it's an honor to be your mum.This research was funded by the Smithsonian Peter Buck Fellowship to E.J.C. E.J.C.’s data collection was also supported by previous funding from the UCL Bogue Fellowship and the Palaeontological Association Stan Wood Award. R.F.B. was funded by a FRIA PhD fellowship (grant number FC 23645) from the FNRS (Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique). T.P. was funded by a Leverhulme Trust Research Project grant (RPG-2019-323) and an Australian Research Council DECRA Fellowship (DE220101296). Special thanks go to Richard Sabin for his help and support throughout and for access to specimens at the NHMUK. We would like to thank Emily Watt for her helpful discussion on mandible morphology. Thanks also go to the many curators and museum staff who helped E.J.C. and R.F.B. collect scan data, especially to Jorge Velez-Juarbe at the LACM and Marisa Surovy, Sara Ketelsen, and Eleanor Hoeger at the AMNH. Finally, thank you to Rachel Racicot for her constructive and expert feedback on our work and to anonymous reviewers for giving their time and expertise to improve our manuscript. E.J.C.: This work is dedicated to my son, Jude, who, with his good grace and sweet nature, slept and played while I worked on the manuscript. Thank you Jude; it's an honor to be your mum. Conceptualization, E.J.C. A.K. and M.R. McGowen; formal analysis, E.J.C. A.K. T.P. and M.R. McGowen; investigation, E.J.C. A.K. T.P. and M.R. McGowen; methodology, E.J.C. and A.K.; data acquisition, E.J.C, R.F.B. and M.R. McCurry; writing – review & editing, E.J.C. A.K. T.P. R.F.B. M.R. McCurry, A.L. R.W.B. and M.R. McGowen. The authors declare no competing interests. We support inclusive, diverse, and equitable conduct of research.
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