gender differences; risk factors; vascular diseases; women; Medicine (all)
Abstract :
[en] According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among women worldwide, yet its magnitude is often underestimated. Biological and gender differences affect health, diagnosis, and healthcare in numerous ways. The lack of sex and gender awareness in health research and healthcare is an ongoing issue that affects not only research but also treatment and outcomes. The importance of recognizing the impacts of both sex and gender on health and of knowing the differences between the two in healthcare is beginning to gain ground. There is more appreciation of the roles that biological differences (sex) and sociocultural power structures (gender) have, and both sex and gender affect health behavior, the development of diseases, their diagnosis, management, and the long-term effects of an illness. An important issue is the knowledge and awareness of women about vascular diseases. The risk of cardiovascular events is drastically underestimated by women themselves, as well as by those around them. The purpose of this review is to draw attention to improving the medical care and treatment of women with vascular diseases.
Disciplines :
Cardiovascular & respiratory systems
Author, co-author :
Farkas, Katalin ; Department of Angiology, Szent Imre University Teaching Hospital, Tétényi út 12-16, 1115 Budapest, Hungary ; VAS-European Independent Foundation in Angiology/Vascular Medicine, Via GB Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
Stanek, Agata ; VAS-European Independent Foundation in Angiology/Vascular Medicine, Via GB Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy ; Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
Zbinden, Stephanie; VAS-European Independent Foundation in Angiology/Vascular Medicine, Via GB Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy ; Department of Angiology, Zurich University Hospital, Ramistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
Borea, Barbara; VAS-European Independent Foundation in Angiology/Vascular Medicine, Via GB Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy ; Department of Angiology and Haemostasis, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Genève, Switzerland
Ciurica, Simina; VAS-European Independent Foundation in Angiology/Vascular Medicine, Via GB Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy ; Department of Cardiology, Marie Curie Civil Hospital, CHU Charleroi, Chaussée de Bruxelles 140, 6042 Lodelinsart, Belgium
Moore, Vanessa; European Institute of Women's Health, Ashgrove House, Kill Avenue, Dún Laoghaire, A96 N9K0 Dublin, Ireland
Maguire, Peggy; European Institute of Women's Health, Ashgrove House, Kill Avenue, Dún Laoghaire, A96 N9K0 Dublin, Ireland
Abola, Maria Teresa B; VAS-European Independent Foundation in Angiology/Vascular Medicine, Via GB Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy ; Clinical Research Department, Education, Training and Research Services, Philippine Heart Center, University of the Philippines College of Medicine, 547 Pedro Gil Street, Manila 1000, Metro Manila, Philippines
Alajar, Elaine B; Manila Doctors Hospital, 667 United Nations Ave, Ermita, Manila 1000, Metro Manila, Philippines
Marcoccia, Antonella; VAS-European Independent Foundation in Angiology/Vascular Medicine, Via GB Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy ; Angiology and Autoimmunity Medical Unit, Rare Diseases Reference Center for Systemic Sclerosis, Sandro Pertini Hospital, 00157 Rome, Italy
Erer, Dilek; VAS-European Independent Foundation in Angiology/Vascular Medicine, Via GB Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy ; Gazi University Hospital, Mevlana Blv. No:29, Yenimahalle, Ankara 06560, Turkey
Casanegra, Ana I ; Gonda Vascular Center, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55901, USA
Sharebiani, Hiva ; VAS-European Independent Foundation in Angiology/Vascular Medicine, Via GB Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy ; Support Association of Patients of Buerger's Disease, Buerger's Disease NGO, Mashhad 9183785195, Iran
Sprynger, Muriel ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences cliniques ; VAS-European Independent Foundation in Angiology/Vascular Medicine, Via GB Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
Kavousi, Maryam ; VAS-European Independent Foundation in Angiology/Vascular Medicine, Via GB Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy ; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Catalano, Mariella ; VAS-European Independent Foundation in Angiology/Vascular Medicine, Via GB Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy ; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Inter-University Research Center on Vascular Disease, University of Milan, GB Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
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