[en] Dryland ecosystems are particularly susceptible to the adverse effects of intensive agriculture, with intensive
tillage exerting a major impact on soil health and its biotic components. The implementation of less disturbing
soil management practices can be essential for preserving the soil environment and maintaining the diverse
communities of microorganisms, micro- and mesofauna, which are vital contributors to soil fertility. In this
study, we assessed soil chemical properties, soil biodiversity and functionality, and wheat crop growth across a
tillage gradient encompassing no-tillage (NT), minimum tillage (MT), and standard tillage (ST). Results showed
that reducing tillage intensity increased soil macronutrient levels and the abundance of soil biota. Overall, higher
levels of bacterial and fungal marker genes and higher abundance of predatory acari were observed in MT and NT
compared to ST. Also, nematode abundance increased by 25 % in MT and 50 % in NT, compared to ST. Similarly,
community structure analysis revealed that tillage strongly influenced bacterial, fungal and acari community
composition, reflecting a gradient of soil disturbance intensity. Corresponding to the increased abundance of soil
biota, reducing tillage intensity increased microbial activity and soil functionality along the disturbance gradient.
In addition, evidence of the formation of biocrust as a possible source of carbon input was found. Despite
enhanced soil biological indicators in less intensive tillage systems, wheat growth, nitrogen uptake and grain B
vitamin contents were higher in ST compared to NT. In addition, we observed a shift in technological grain
properties across tillage practices. The higher root:shoot ratio (an indicator of nitrogen deficiency) and median
root diameter (hormone-driven lateral expansion) in NT suggest that soil compaction could be a potential cause
of reduced wheat performance. These results suggest that despite improved soil biological indicators, other
factors such as low rates of N mineralization potential due to drought conditions during the study year and the
prevalence of soil compaction may limit wheat performance in NT systems.
Disciplines :
Agriculture & agronomy
Author, co-author :
Waibel, Matthias
Michel, Jennifer ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Plant Sciences
Antoine, Maurine ; Université de Liège - ULiège > TERRA Research Centre
Balanzategui-Guijarro, Iñaki
Cao, Da
Delaplace, Pierre ; Université de Liège - ULiège > TERRA Research Centre > Plant Sciences
Le Gouis, Jacques
Alvarez, David
Léon, Claire
Manfroy, Sandy ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Plant Sciences
Moya-Laraño, Jordi
Perrochon, Sibille
Sanchez-Moreno, Sara
Santin-Montanya, Inés
Tenorio, José Luis
Thonar, Cécile ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Plant Sciences
Vanderschuren, Hervé ; Université de Liège - ULiège > TERRA Research Centre > Plant Sciences
This research is part of the BIOFAIR project (http://www.biofair. uliege.be) funded through the 2019–2020 BiodivERsA joint call for research proposals, under the BiodivClim ERA-Net COFUND programme, and with the funding organisations Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR, France; ANR-20-EBI5–0002), Agencia Estatal de Investigaci´on (AEI, Spain; PCI2020–120713–2), Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt Projekttr¨ager (DLR-PT, Germany), Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS, Wallonia, Belgium; R.8001.20), Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek - Vlaanderen (FWO, Flanders, Belgium; FWO ERA-NET G0H7320N) & Schweizerischer Nationalfonds (SNF, Switzerland; 31BD30_193869).
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