Immunology and Microbiology (all); Veterinary (all)
Abstract :
[en] The application of tick control strategies on tropical dairy cattle strongly relies on farmers' uptake, knowledge, and perceptions of the efficacy of control measures. This study aims to identify common and uncommon tick control practices employed by dairy farmers in subtropical areas of Ecuador and associate them with the presence of infestation and acaricide resistance. Data were collected through a cross-sectional survey and participatory meetings. Multiple correspondence analysis was used to explore the association between management variables and the level of tick infestation and resistance. It was determined that the main method of acaricide control is still chemical, mainly using spray baths. Generally, when this form of application is used, acaricides are overdosed, in contrast to the pour-on method with underdosage. Among the measures farmers adopt when chemical treatment has failed is to use overdoses of products, mix different acaricides, and use focused treatments (wipe cloth) with irritant substances. The absence of a high level of infestation was related to acaricide dips every 3-4 weeks and the use of intensive grazing. On the other hand, the high infestation was related to the use of organophosphates, wipe cloth application, and the report of tick-borne diseases (TBDs). A small group of farmers have good knowledge and seek alternatives to chemical control, experimenting with biological controls, herbal extracts, manual tick removal, and paddock control. Additionally, farmers reported the presence of TBDs (47%) and the presence of animals poisoned by acaricides (6%), which died in 75% of those cases. Farmers frequently mentioned that tick infestation induces milk drop production and weight loss and is associated with the presence of TBDs. This information is crucial to improve tick control management in Ecuador, particularly through implementing practices that mitigate resistance to acaricides and ensure long-term solutions that help maintain the efficacy of tick control treatments.
Disciplines :
Veterinary medicine & animal health
Author, co-author :
Paucar-Quishpe, Valeria ; Zoonosis Research Institute (CIZ), Central University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador ; Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Science (UREAR-ULiège), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH) Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Liège, Belgium
Pérez-Otáñez, Ximena ; Zoonosis Research Institute (CIZ), Central University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador ; Georges Lemaitre Centre for Earth and Climate Research, Earth and Life Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Rodríguez-Hidalgo, Richar ; Zoonosis Research Institute (CIZ), Central University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador ; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Central University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
Pérez-Escalante, Cecilia ; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Central University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
Cepeda-Bastidas, Darío ; Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Central University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
Grijalva, Jorge ; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Central University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
Enríquez, Sandra ; Zoonosis Research Institute (CIZ), Central University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
Arciniegas-Ortega, Susana ; Faculty of Geological, Mining, Petroleum and Environmental Engineering, Central University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
Vanwambeke, Sophie O. ; Georges Lemaitre Centre for Earth and Climate Research, Earth and Life Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Ron-Garrido, Lenin ; Zoonosis Research Institute (CIZ), Central University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador ; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Central University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
Saegerman, Claude ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des maladies infectieuses et parasitaires (DMI) > Epidémiologie et analyse des risques appliqués aux sciences vétérinaires
Language :
English
Title :
Farmers' Adoption, Knowledge, and Perceptions of Tick Control Measures on Dairy Farms in Subtropical Areas of Continental Ecuador
Our thanks go to the Academy of Research and Higher Education (ARES) for funding this research through the project \"Socio-eco-epidemiology of ticks, tickborne parasites, acaricide resistance, and residual effects of acaricides in tropical Ecuadorian livestock: environmental, animal and public health impacts.\"We are also deeply appreciative of the support provided by the Zoonosis Research Institute (CIZ), Central University of Ecuador (UCE), UCLouvain, and the University of Li\u00E8ge for hosting the project. In addition, our thanks go to all the farmers who participated.
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