brown bear; human-modified landscape; mating; movement ecology; movement patterns; multi-use landscape; step-selection analysis; Ursus arctos; Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics; Animal Science and Zoology
Abstract :
[en] During the reproductive period, mating strategies are a significant driver of adaptations in animal behaviour. For instance, for polygamous species, greater movement rates during the mating season may be advantageous due to the increased probability of encountering several potential mates. The brown bear Ursus arctos is a solitary carnivore that lives at low densities, with a polygamous mating system and an extended mating season of nearly 3 months. Here, we hypothesized that male brown bears may show changes in movement patterns and space-use behaviour during their mating season. Using long-term (2002–2013) telemetry data from the Finnish Karelia male population (n = 24 individuals; n = 10 688 GPS locations), we first analysed daily movement metrics, that is, speed, net and total distance with respect to the period (mating vs. post-mating) and several environmental predictors. Then, we conducted a step-selection analysis for each of these periods. Throughout the year, male bears selected forested/shrub habitats and increased movement rates near main roads. During the mating season, reproductive needs seem to trigger roaming behaviour in adult males to maximize encounter rates with potential receptive females. However, all movement metrics increased within areas of high human activity, suggesting a bear response to a higher risk perception while using those areas. During the post-mating period, overlapping with the bear hyperphagia and the hunting season, males selected anthropogenic areas farther from main roads and trails, suggesting a trade-off between foraging opportunities and risk avoidance.
Disciplines :
Agriculture & agronomy Zoology
Author, co-author :
Falcinelli, D. ; Department of Environmental Biology (DBA), Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy ; Biodiversity Research Institute (IMIB, CSIC–University of Oviedo–Principality of Asturias), Mieres, Spain
del Mar Delgado, M.; Biodiversity Research Institute (IMIB, CSIC–University of Oviedo–Principality of Asturias), Mieres, Spain
Kojola, I.; Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Rovaniemi, Finland
Heikkinen, S.; Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Rovaniemi, Finland
Lamamy, Cindy ; Université de Liège - ULiège > TERRA Research Centre
Penteriani, V. ; Department of Evolutionary Ecology, National Museum of Natural Sciences (MNCN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
Language :
English
Title :
The use of anthropogenic areas helps explain male brown bear movement rates and distance travelled during the mating season
Publication date :
2024
Journal title :
Journal of Zoology
ISSN :
0952-8369
eISSN :
1469-7998
Publisher :
John Wiley and Sons Inc
Volume :
324
Issue :
1
Pages :
83 - 96
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Funders :
Sapienza - Sapienza Università di Roma MICINN - Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion
Funding text :
During this research, DF was supported by a post\u2010degree scholarship of the programme \u2018Perfezionamento all'estero\u2019 and a doctorate scholarship by the Sapienza University of Rome. VP was financially supported by I\u2009+\u2009D\u2009+\u2009i Project PID2020\u2010114181GB\u2010I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union. We wish to thank the Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency and the Digiroad staff for data and metadata on the road network, and Ester Erica Mantero for the help provided for the graphics of the figures. We are also grateful to Antero Hakala, Leo Korhonen, Reima Ovaskainen, Seppo Ronkainen, and Markus Suominen for assistance in capturing and collaring the bears. We thank Wolfgang Goymann and two anonymous Reviewers for their useful suggestions, which helped us to improve our manuscript. Finally, we acknowledge support of the publication fee by the CSIC Open Access Publication Support Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI).
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