Biodiversity protection; Education for sustainable development; Lifelong learning; Qualitative research; Self-reflexivity; Transdisciplinary education; Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics; Ecology; Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract :
[en] There is a pressing need for transformative change, with a vision of long-term human well-being within planetary boundaries. The lack of progress—despite increasing awareness and action—illustrates how challenging it is to foster change in our complex global society. Education and learning are needed to enable change. Transdisciplinary learning, which meaningfully integrates diverse knowledge and perspectives, contributes to developing an integrative understanding—a necessity for tackling complex challenges. We explore how transdisciplinary learning for early-career researchers can foster transformative change and lead to increased biodiversity conservation. This paper focuses on a case study of the authors’ shared experiences during the 2021 Alternet Summer School, which focused on transformative change for biodiversity conservation and human well-being. In this introspective research, we gained insights through an online survey for participants and organizers of the summer school (n = 27). Using qualitative content analysis, we identify seven crucial elements of transdisciplinary learning which can lead to transformative change on (a) a personal level, as the learning process shifts values and helps researchers identify their roles; (b) a research level, by rethinking science and providing tools for transdisciplinary approaches, and (c) a societal level, by moving from the individual to the collective and constructing a shared vision for a sustainable future. Participants highlighted how changes on all these levels could benefit biodiversity conservation. These insights point to the benefit of transdisciplinary learning opportunities that empower young researchers to take up their part in fostering transformative change.
Disciplines :
European & international law
Author, co-author :
Atienza Casas, Sara ✱; Department of Aquatic Biodiversity, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim, Norway ; Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
Calicis, Camille ✱; Université de Liège - ULiège > Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech ; Department of Geography, Université de Namur, Transitions Institute, Namur, Belgium
Candiago, Sebastian ✱; Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research, Bozen/Bolzano, Italy ; Department of Economics, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
Dendoncker, Nicolas ✱; Department of Geography, Université de Namur, Transitions Institute, Namur, Belgium
Desair, Jomme ✱; Nature & Society, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Brussels, Belgium
Fickel, Thomas ✱; ISOE – Institute for social-ecological research, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
Finne, Eirik Aasmo ✱; Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, FRAM - High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Tromsø, Norway ; Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Frison, Christine ✱; Université de Liège - ULiège > Cité ; University of Louvain, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Legal Sciences, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
Haensel, Maria ✱; Professorship of Ecological Services, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
Hinsch, Malte ✱; Institute of Physical Geography and Landscape Ecology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
Kumagai, Joy A. ✱; Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt, Germany ; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
Mialyk, Oleksandr ✱; Multidisciplinary Water Management Group, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
Nawrath, Maximilian ✱; Section Water and Society, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway
Nevzati, Fiona ✱; Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
Washbourne, Carla ✱; Department of Science, Technology, Engineering and Public Policy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
Wübbelmann, Thea ✱; Institute of Physical Geography and Landscape Ecology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany ; Climate Service Center Germany (GERICS), Hamburg, Germany
Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. This work was supported by the Alternet Mobility Fund, which provided funding for a self-organized winter school to facilitate work on this paper.
Andrade K, Corbin C, Diver S et al (2014) Finding your way in the interdisciplinary forest: notes on educating future conservation practitioners. Biodivers Conserv 23:3405–3423. 10.1007/s10531-014-0818-z DOI: 10.1007/s10531-014-0818-z
Armitage D, Arends J, Barlow N et al (2019) Applying a “theory of change” process to facilitate transdisciplinary sustainability education. Ecol Soc. 10.5751/ES-11121-240320 DOI: 10.5751/ES-11121-240320
Barth M, Rieckmann M (2012) Academic staff development as a catalyst for curriculum change towards education for sustainable development: an output perspective. J Clean Prod 26:28–36. 10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.12.011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.12.011
Baumber A (2022) Transforming sustainability education through transdisciplinary practice. Environ Dev Sustain 24:7622–7639. 10.1007/s10668-021-01731-3 DOI: 10.1007/s10668-021-01731-3
Brauman KA, Garibaldi LA, Polasky S et al (2020) Global trends in nature’s contributions to people. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 117:32799–32805. 10.1073/pnas.2010473117 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2010473117
Brundiers K, Barth M, Cebrián G et al (2021) Key competencies in sustainability in higher education—toward an agreed-upon reference framework. Sustain Sci 16:13–29. 10.1007/s11625-020-00838-2 DOI: 10.1007/s11625-020-00838-2
Caniglia G, Luederitz C, von Wirth T et al (2021) A pluralistic and integrated approach to action-oriented knowledge for sustainability. Nat Sustain 4:93–100. 10.1038/s41893-020-00616-z DOI: 10.1038/s41893-020-00616-z
Centola D, Becker J, Brackbill D, Baronchelli A (2018) Experimental evidence for tipping points in social convention. Science 360:1116–1119. 10.1126/science.aas8827 DOI: 10.1126/science.aas8827
Chan KMA, Boyd DR, Gould RK et al (2020) Levers and leverage points for pathways to sustainability. People and Nature 2:693–717. 10.1002/pan3.10124 DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10124
Cialdini RB, Petty RE, Cacioppo JT (1981) Attitude and attitude change. Annu Rev Psychol 32:357–404. 10.1146/annurev.ps.32.020181.002041 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ps.32.020181.002041
de Groot JIM, Steg L (2008) Value Orientations to explain beliefs related to environmental significant behavior: how to measure egoistic, altruistic, and biospheric value orientations. Environ Behav 40:330–354. 10.1177/0013916506297831 DOI: 10.1177/0013916506297831
Dedeurwaerdere T (2013) Transdisciplinary sustainability science at higher education institutions: science policy tools for incremental institutional change. Sustainability 5:3783–3801. 10.3390/su5093783 DOI: 10.3390/su5093783
Derry SJ, Fischer G (2005) Toward a Model and Theory for Transdisciplinary Graduate Education. In: 2005 AERA Annual Meeting, Symposium, “Sociotechnical Design for Lifelong Learning: A Crucial Role for Graduate Education.” Montreal, p 29
Van Dijk J, Ulvund K, Braat L, et al (2012) ALTER-Net, a long-term biodiversity, ecosystem and awareness research network - Year 8. NINA Report 815, p 36. http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2642959
Felt U, Igelsböck J, Schikowitz A, Völker T (2013) Growing into what? The (un-)disciplined socialisation of early stage researchers in transdisciplinary research. High Educ 65:511–524. 10.1007/s10734-012-9560-1 DOI: 10.1007/s10734-012-9560-1
Finlay L (2002) Negotiating the swamp: the opportunity and challenge of reflexivity in research practice. Qual Res 2:209–230. 10.1177/146879410200200205 DOI: 10.1177/146879410200200205
Flogie A, Dolenc K, Aberšek B (2015) Transdisciplinarity in education is near. In: 1st International Baltic Symposium on Science and Technology Education. pp 45–47
Folke C, Biggs R, Norström A et al (2016) Social-ecological resilience and biosphere-based sustainability science. Ecol Soc 21:41. 10.5751/ES-08748-210341 DOI: 10.5751/ES-08748-210341
Gillis D, Nelson J, Driscoll B et al (2017) Interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research and education in canada: a review and suggested framework. CELT 10:203–222. 10.22329/celt.v10i0.4745 DOI: 10.22329/celt.v10i0.4745
Hadorn GH, Hoffmann-Riem H, Biber-Klemm S et al (eds) (2008). Springer, Dordrecht
Haraway D (1988) Situated knowledges: the science question in feminism and the privilege of partial perspective. Fem Stud 14:575–599. 10.2307/3178066 DOI: 10.2307/3178066
Harding S (1986) The Science Question in Feminism. Cornell University Press, Ithaca
Herrero P, Dedeurwaerdere T, Osinski A (2019) Design features for social learning in transformative transdisciplinary research. Sustain Sci 14:751–769. 10.1007/s11625-018-0641-7 DOI: 10.1007/s11625-018-0641-7
IPBES (2018) The IPBES assessment report on land degradation and restoration. Montanarella, L, Scholes, R, and Brainich, A (eds) IPBES secretariat, Bonn, Germany 744. 10.5281/zenodo.3237392
IPBES (2019) Global assessment report of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Brondízio, E S, Settele, J, Díaz, S, and Ngo, H T (eds) IPBES secretariat, Bonn, Germany 1082. 10.5281/zenodo.3831673
IPBES (2022) Methodological Assessment Report on the Diverse Values and Valuation of Nature of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Balvanera, P, Pascual, U, Christie, M, Baptiste, B, and González-Jiménez, D (eds) IPBES secretariat, Bonn, Germany 784. 10.5281/zenodo.6522522
Jacobs S, Santos-Martín F, Primmer E et al (2022) Transformative change needs direction. Sustainability 14:14844. 10.3390/su142214844 DOI: 10.3390/su142214844
Jahn T, Bergmann M, Keil F (2012) Transdisciplinarity: between mainstreaming and marginalization. Ecol Econ 79:1–10. 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.04.017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.04.017
Kioupi V, Voulvoulis N (2019) Education for sustainable development: a systemic framework for connecting the SDGs to educational outcomes. Sustainability 11:6104. 10.3390/su11216104 DOI: 10.3390/su11216104
Klein JT (2008) Evaluation of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research: a literature review. Am J Prev Med 35:S116–S123. 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.05.010 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.05.010
Lambrechts W, Mulà I, Ceulemans K et al (2013) The integration of competences for sustainable development in higher education: an analysis of bachelor programs in management. J Clean Prod 48:65–73. 10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.12.034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.12.034
Oxford Languages (2023) Oxford English Dictionary. https://languages.oup.com/google-dictionary-en/
Leichenko R, Gram-Hanssen I, O’Brien K (2022) Teaching the “how” of transformation. Sustain Sci 17:573–584. 10.1007/s11625-021-00964-5 DOI: 10.1007/s11625-021-00964-5
Luckerhoff J, Johnson M, Guillemette F (2020) Introduction: approches pédagogiques innovantes. Enjeux Et Société: Approches Transdisciplinaires 7:1–9. 10.7202/1073358ar DOI: 10.7202/1073358ar
Lyall C, Meagher LR (2012) A Masterclass in interdisciplinarity: research into practice in training the next generation of interdisciplinary researchers. Futures 44:608–617. 10.1016/j.futures.2012.03.011 DOI: 10.1016/j.futures.2012.03.011
Maas TY, Pauwelussen A, Turnhout E (2022) Co-producing the science–policy interface: towards common but differentiated responsibilities. Humanit Soc Sci Commun. 10.1057/s41599-022-01108-5 DOI: 10.1057/s41599-022-01108-5
Manring SL (2014) The role of universities in developing interdisciplinary action research collaborations to understand and manage resilient social-ecological systems. J Clean Prod 64:125–135. 10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.07.010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.07.010
Maxwell SL, Fuller RA, Brooks TM, Watson JEM (2016) Biodiversity: the ravages of guns, nets and bulldozers. Nature 536:143–145. 10.1038/536143a DOI: 10.1038/536143a
Michie S, van Stralen MM, West R (2011) The behaviour change wheel: a new method for characterising and designing behaviour change interventions. Implement Sci 6:42. 10.1186/1748-5908-6-42 DOI: 10.1186/1748-5908-6-42
Miller JR (2005) Biodiversity conservation and the extinction of experience. Trends Ecol Evol 20:430–434. 10.1016/j.tree.2005.05.013 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2005.05.013
Mokhele M, Pinfold N (2021) Exploring the nexus between transdisciplinarity, internationalisation and community service-learning at a university of technology in Cape Town. Transform High Educ 6:9. 10.4102/the.v6i0.121 DOI: 10.4102/the.v6i0.121
Naganathan G, Srikanthan S, Balachandran A et al (2022) Collaborative zoom coding—a novel approach to qualitative analysis. Int J Qual Methods 21:160940692210758. 10.1177/16094069221075862 DOI: 10.1177/16094069221075862
Nicolescu B (2005) Towards transdisciplinary education. J Transdiscipl Res S Afr 1:5–15. 10.4102/td.v1i1.300 DOI: 10.4102/td.v1i1.300
Nicolescu B (2014) Multidisciplinarity, Interdisciplinarity, Indisciplinarity, and transdisciplinarity: similarities and differences. RCC Perspectives 2:19–26
Nicolescu B (1997) The Transdisciplinary Evolution of Learning. In: International Congress on What University for Tomorrow? Towards a Transdisciplinary Evolution of the University. Locarno, pp 1–11
Pearce B, Adler C, Senn L et al (2018) Making the Link Between Transdisciplinary Learning and Research. In: Fam D, Neuhauser L, Gibbs P (eds) Transdisciplinary Theory, Practice and Education: The Art of Collaborative Research and Collective Learning. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 167–183 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-93743-4_12
Pereira L, Sitas N, Ravera F et al (2019) Building capacities for transformative change towards sustainability: imagination in intergovernmental science-policy scenario processes. Elementa Science of the Anthropocene. 10.1525/elementa.374 DOI: 10.1525/elementa.374
Popa F, Guillermin M, Dedeurwaerdere T (2015) A pragmatist approach to transdisciplinarity in sustainability research: from complex systems theory to reflexive science. Futures 65:45–56. 10.1016/j.futures.2014.02.002 DOI: 10.1016/j.futures.2014.02.002
QSR International Pty Ltd (2020) NVivo (released in March 2020). https://www.qsrinternational.com/nvivo-qualitative-data-analysis-software/home
Rigolot C (2020) Transdisciplinarity as a discipline and a way of being: complementarities and creative tensions. Humanit Soc Sci Commun 7:1–5. 10.1057/s41599-020-00598-5 DOI: 10.1057/s41599-020-00598-5
Ritchie J, Lewis J, McNaughton Nicholls C, Ormston R (eds) (2014) 2nd edn. Sage, Los Angeles
Rockström J, Beringer T, Hole D et al (2021) We need biosphere stewardship that protects carbon sinks and builds resilience. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 118:e2115218118. 10.1073/pnas.2115218118 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2115218118
Schneider F, Giger M, Harari N et al (2019) Transdisciplinary co-production of knowledge and sustainability transformations: three generic mechanisms of impact generation. Environ Sci Policy 102:26–35. 10.1016/j.envsci.2019.08.017 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2019.08.017
Scholz RW, Steiner G (2015) The real type and ideal type of transdisciplinary processes: part II—what constraints and obstacles do we meet in practice? Sustain Sci 10:653–671 DOI: 10.1007/s11625-015-0327-3
Stauffacher M, Walter AI, Lang DJ et al (2006) Learning to research environmental problems from a functional socio-cultural constructivism perspective: The transdisciplinary case study approach. Int J Sustain High Educ 7:252–275. 10.1108/14676370610677838 DOI: 10.1108/14676370610677838
Tàbara JD, Jäger J, Mangalagiu D, Grasso M (2019) Defining transformative climate science to address high-end climate change. Reg Environ Change 19:807–818. 10.1007/s10113-018-1288-8 DOI: 10.1007/s10113-018-1288-8
Tavory I, Timmermans S (2014) Abductive analysis: Theorizing qualitative research. University of Chicago Press, Chicago DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226180458.001.0001
Timmermans S, Tavory I (2012) Theory construction in qualitative research: from grounded theory to abductive analysis. Soc Theory 30:167–186. 10.1177/0735275112457914 DOI: 10.1177/0735275112457914
Turnhout E, Lahsen M (2022) Transforming environmental research to avoid tragedy. Climate Dev 14(9):834–838. 10.1080/17565529.2022.2062287 DOI: 10.1080/17565529.2022.2062287
Wals AEJ, Benavot A (2017) Can we meet the sustainability challenges? The role of education and lifelong learning. Eur J Educ 52:404–413 DOI: 10.1111/ejed.12250
Wei CA, Deaton ML, Shume TJ et al (2020) A framework for teaching socio-environmental problem-solving. J Environ Stud Sci 10:467–477. 10.1007/s13412-020-00603-y DOI: 10.1007/s13412-020-00603-y
Young JC, Waylen KA, Sarkki S et al (2014) Improving the science-policy dialogue to meet the challenges of biodiversity conservation: having conversations rather than talking at one-another. Biodivers Conserv 23:387–404. 10.1007/s10531-013-0607-0 DOI: 10.1007/s10531-013-0607-0