amphibians; anthropogenic effects; Yoko Forest Reserve; Ecology; Ecological Modeling; Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous); Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract :
[en] Anthropogenic disturbance of natural environments has negative impacts on biodiversity. Amphibians are especially sensitive to deforestation, and there is a high rate of this phenomenon in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. We studied the effects of this modification of forest ecosystems on the diversity of amphibians in the Yoko Forest Reserve. During twenty-four field sampling campaigns organized over a period of twelve months, amphibians were collected from nocturnal surveys supported by three techniques: visual spotting using a headlamp, systematic searching of habitats and acoustic hearing of vocalizations. Twelve sampling sites were chosen, and three habitats were explored at each site. Of these three habitats, one is the undisturbed habitat (primary forest), and two are disturbed habitats (fallow and field). Amphibian abundance, species richness, diversity, evenness and density were compared between these two types of habitat. A total of 4443 amphibians in 10 families, 17 genera and 33 species were recorded throughout the study area. Abundance, species richness and relative density were significantly higher in non-disturbed habitats than in disturbed habitats. On the other hand, primary forest is less diverse than fallow, but not significantly. It is, however, significantly more diverse than the field. The undisturbed habitat is also characterized by lower evenness than the disturbed habitats, with which it shares low similarities. The species Amnirana albolabris, Phrynobatrachus auritus, Leptopelis notatus, Leptopelis millsoni, Xenopus pygmaeus, Hyperolius platyceps, Leptopelis calcaratus, Leptopelis christyi, Leptopelis ocellatus, Arthroleptis tuberosus, Ptychadena perreti, Amietia nutti, Arthroleptis variabilis, Cardioglossa leucomystax, Phrynobatrachus perpalmatus and Chiromantis rufescens were recognized, in order of importance, as primary forest indicators according to the results of this study. All these differences between the two habitat statuses (undisturbed and disturbed) confirm the negative effects of natural habitat alteration on forest amphibians.
Disciplines :
Environmental sciences & ecology
Author, co-author :
Musubaho, Loving ; Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium ; Environment and Sustainable Development Option, Sustainable Development Section, Institut Supérieur de Développement Rural de Goma, Nord-Kivu, Democratic Republic Congo ; Research Centre for Environmental Planning, Nord-Kivu, Democratic Republic Congo
Iyongo, Léon; Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources Management, University of Kisangani, Tshopo, Democratic Republic Congo ; Laboratoire d’Ecologie et Gestion des Ressources Fauniques, University of Kisangani, Tshopo, Democratic Republic Congo
Mukinzi, Jean-Claude; Department of Ecology and Animal Resources Management, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kisangani, Tshopo, Democratic Republic Congo ; Laboratoire d’Ecologie et Gestion des Ressources Animales, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kisangani, Tshopo, Democratic Republic Congo
Mukiranya, Alain; Department of Ecology and Animal Resources Management, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kisangani, Tshopo, Democratic Republic Congo ; Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic Congo
Mutahinga, Jasmin ; Department of Ecology and Animal Resources Management, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kisangani, Tshopo, Democratic Republic Congo ; Action Pour le Droit de l’Environnement et la Restauration des Ecosystèmes (ADRE-RDC), Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic Congo
Dufrêne, Marc ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Biodiversité, Ecosystème et Paysage (BEP)
Bogaert, Jan ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Biodiversité, Ecosystème et Paysage (BEP)
Language :
English
Title :
Anthropogenic Effects on Amphibian Diversity and Habitat Similarity in the Yoko Forest Reserve, Democratic Republic of the Congo
From the Ph.D. grant awarded to Loving Musubaho by the University of Li\u00E8ge through the \u201CGlocal Health\u201D project, all activities related to this research have been financed in their entirety. The authors would like to thank the field teams for their dedication, motivation and loyalty throughout the period of data collection under nocturnal working conditions. They are also grateful to Professors John Katembo of the Institut Sup\u00E9rieur d\u2019Etudes Agronomiques de Bengamisa/Democratic Republic of the Congo, Isaac Shabani of the University of Goma/Democratic Republic of the Congo and Chadrack Kafuti of the University of Gent/Belgium and to Assistant Thom\u2019s Kavali of the University of Kisangani for statistical guidance. Special thanks to Christien Kimbuluma of the Laboratoire d\u2019Ecologie et Am\u00E9nagement Forestier (LECAFOR), University of Kisangani/Democratic Republic of the Congo for botanical descriptions of the habitats exploited. The managers of the Laboratoire d\u2019Ecologie et Gestion des Ressources Animales (LEGERA) at the University of Kisangani are particularly thanked for the availability of their infrastructure throughout the data collection and processing period.
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