planets and satellites: composition; planets and satellites: detection; stars: individual: TOI-561 (TIC 377064495, Gaia DR2 3850421005290172416); techniques: photometric; techniques: radial velocities; Lower density; Neptune; Planets and satellites: compositions; Planets and satellites: detections; Radial velocity; Short periods; Star: individual: TOI-561 (TIC 377064495, gaium DR2 3850421005290172416); Stars: individual: proxima Centauri; Techniques: photometric; Techniques: radial velocities; Astronomy and Astrophysics; Space and Planetary Science; astro-ph.EP; astro-ph.SR
Abstract :
[en] Based on HARPS-N radial velocities (RVs) and TESS photometry, we present a full characterization of the planetary system orbiting the late G dwarf TOI-561. After the identification of three transiting candidates by TESS, we discovered two additional external planets from RV analysis. RVs cannot confirm the outer TESS transiting candidate, which would also make the system dynamically unstable. We demonstrate that the two transits initially associated with this candidate are instead due to single transits of the two planets discovered using RVs. The four planets orbiting TOI-561 include an ultra-short period (USP) super-Earth (TOI-561 b) with period Pb = 0.45 d, mass Mb = 1.59 ± 0.36 M and radius Rb = 1.42 ± 0.07 R, and three mini-Neptunes: TOI-561 c, with Pc = 10.78 d, Mc = 5.40 ± 0.98 M, Rc = 2.88 ± 0.09 R; TOI-561 d, with Pd = 25.6 d, Md = 11.9 ± 1.3 M, Rd = 2.53 ± 0.13 R; and TOI-561 e, with Pe = 77.2 d, Me = 16.0 ± 2.3 M, Re = 2.67 ± 0.11 R. Having a density of 3.0 ± 0.8 g cm-3, TOI-561 b is the lowest density USP planet known to date. Our N-body simulations confirm the stability of the system and predict a strong, anti-correlated, long-term transit time variation signal between planets d and e. The unusual density of the inner super-Earth and the dynamical interactions between the outer planets make TOI-561 an interesting follow-up target.
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Lacedelli, G. ; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Università Degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy ; INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Padova, Italy
Malavolta, L. ; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Università Degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy ; INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Padova, Italy
Borsato, L. ; INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Padova, Italy
Piotto, G.; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Università Degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy ; INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Padova, Italy
Nardiello, D. ; INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Padova, Italy ; Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
Mortier, A. ; Astrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom ; Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Stalport, Manu ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Unités de recherche interfacultaires > Space sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR) ; Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
Collier Cameron, A. ; Centre for Exoplanet Science, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
Poretti, E.; Fundación Galileo Galilei - INAF, S.C. Tenerife, Spain ; INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Merate (LC), Italy
Buchhave, L.A. ; DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
López-Morales, M.; Center for Astrophysics | Harvard and Smithsonian, Cambridge, United States
Nascimbeni, V. ; INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Padova, Italy
Wilson, T.G. ; Centre for Exoplanet Science, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
Udry, S.; Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
Latham, D.W.; Center for Astrophysics | Harvard and Smithsonian, Cambridge, United States
Damasso, M. ; INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Pino Torinese, Italy
Dumusque, X.; Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
Jenkins, J.M.; NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, United States
Lovis, C.; Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
Rice, K. ; SUPA, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom ; Centre for Exoplanet Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Sasselov, D.; Center for Astrophysics | Harvard and Smithsonian, Cambridge, United States
Winn, J.N.; Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
Andreuzzi, G.; Fundación Galileo Galilei - INAF, S.C. Tenerife, Spain ; INAF -Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
Cosentino, R.; Fundación Galileo Galilei - INAF, S.C. Tenerife, Spain
Charbonneau, D.; Center for Astrophysics | Harvard and Smithsonian, Cambridge, United States
Di Fabrizio, L.; Fundación Galileo Galilei - INAF, S.C. Tenerife, Spain
Ghedina, A.; Fundación Galileo Galilei - INAF, S.C. Tenerife, Spain
Harutyunyan, A.; Fundación Galileo Galilei - INAF, S.C. Tenerife, Spain
Lienhard, F. ; Astrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Micela, G.; INAF -Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
Molinari, E.; INAF -Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, Selargius, Italy
Pagano, I.; INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Catania, Italy
Pepe, F.; Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
Phillips, D.F.; Center for Astrophysics | Harvard and Smithsonian, Cambridge, United States
Pinamonti, M.; INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Pino Torinese, Italy
Ricker, G.; Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
Scandariato, G.; INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Catania, Italy
NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration NSF - National Science Foundation ASI - Agenzia Spaziale Italiana ERC - European Research Council Simons Foundation
Commentary :
20 pages, 12 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
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