[en] Urban floods are characterized by complicated flow patterns. The urban flow patterns become particularly complex at crossroads and near locations with flow exchanges between flooded streets and open spaces or the interior of buildings. This study aims to investigate the added value of 3D numerical modelling over the 2D shallow water equations, as typically used in urban flood modelling, for the accurate prediction of flow patterns when flooded streets have flow exchanges with the interior of buildings through openings such as broken doors and windows. Systematic comparisons were carried out between the results of 2D depth-averaged and 3D numerical modelling against laboratory observations for eight configurations of an urban block surrounded by flooded streets, each configuration being distinguished by a different number and locations of openings in the block perimeter. The 3D model predicted better than the 2D model the flow discharge repartition at the street outlets with an average RMSE of about one percentage point. The superiority of the 3D model was particularly evident in the case where the streets meet a large open space. Large flow recirculations are successfully reproduced by the 3D model in terms of number, locations and directionality of recirculating flow, with only limited discrepancies in the sizes and shapes for some cases. The vertical velocities are prominent in areas where flow jets and flow contractions are observed, and can reach values up to 20% of the depth-averaged velocity magnitude. The variation of flow patterns is rather limited from the bottom to the surface, but the difference between the surface velocity and depth-averaged velocity reaches 50% in areas of complex flow patterns (flow jet, flow contraction etc.). From an engineering perspective, this study informs practitioners on the relevance of opting for 3D modelling depending on the type of urban topography and the flow variables of interest.
Research Center/Unit :
UEE - Urban and Environmental Engineering - ULiège
Disciplines :
Civil engineering
Author, co-author :
Li, Xuefang; Guangxi University, Nanning, China > College of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Yu, Shuyue; Guangxi University, Nanning, China > College of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Kitsikoudis, Vasileios; University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands > Water Engineering and Management
Dellinger, Guilhem; National School for Water and Environmental Engineering, Strasbourg, France > ICube laboratory
Chen, Lihua; Guangxi University, Nanning, China > College of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Erpicum, Sébastien ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Urban and Environmental Engineering
Guiot, Léo; National School for Water and Environmental Engineering, Strasbourg, France > ICube laboratory
Lai, Chengguang; Guangxi University, Nanning, China > College of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Dewals, Benjamin ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département ArGEnCo > Hydraulics in Environmental and Civil Engineering ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Urban and Environmental Engineering
Language :
English
Title :
3D numerical modelling of flow exchanges between flooded streets and residential blocks during urban flooding in an idealized district
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