Methods: statistical; Planets and satellites: detection; Planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability; Planets and satellites: formation; Planets and satellites: fundamental parameters; Techniques: radial velocities; Correlated Gaussian noise; Low-frequency variations; Mean motion resonances; Northern Hemispheres; Photometric measurements; Radial velocity datum; Radial velocity measurements; Statistical significance; Astronomy and Astrophysics; Space and Planetary Science; astro-ph.EP; astro-ph.IM; astro-ph.SR
Abstract :
[en] Aims. Since 2011, the SOPHIE spectrograph has been used to search for Neptunes and super-Earths in the northern hemisphere. As part of this observational program, 290 radial velocity measurements of the 6.4 V magnitude star HD 158259 were obtained. Additionally, TESS photometric measurements of this target are available. We present an analysis of the SOPHIE data and compare our results with the output of the TESS pipeline. Methods. The radial velocity data, ancillary spectroscopic indices, and ground-based photometric measurements were analyzed with classical and ℓ 1 periodograms. The stellar activity was modeled as a correlated Gaussian noise and its impact on the planet detection was measured with a new technique. Results. The SOPHIE data support the detection of five planets, each with m sin i ≈ 6 M⊕ , orbiting HD 158259 in 3.4, 5.2, 7.9, 12, and 17.4 days. Though a planetary origin is strongly favored, the 17.4 d signal is classified as a planet candidate due to a slightly lower statistical significance and to its proximity to the expected stellar rotation period. The data also present low frequency variations, most likely originating from a magnetic cycle and instrument systematics. Furthermore, the TESS pipeline reports a significant signal at 2.17 days corresponding to a planet of radius ≈1.2 R⊕ . A compatible signal is seen in the radial velocities, which confirms the detection of an additional planet and yields a ≈2 M⊕ mass estimate. Conclusions. We find a system of five planets and a strong candidate near a 3:2 mean motion resonance chain orbiting HD 158259. The planets are found to be outside of the two and three body resonances.
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Hara, N.C.; Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genéve, Versoix, Switzerland
Bouchy, F.; Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genéve, Versoix, Switzerland
Stalport, Manu ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Unités de recherche interfacultaires > Space sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR) ; Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genéve, Versoix, Switzerland
Boisse, I.; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
Rodrigues, J.; Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genéve, Versoix, Switzerland
Delisle, J.-B.; Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genéve, Versoix, Switzerland
Santerne, A.; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
Henry, G.W.; Center of Excellence in Information Systems, Tennessee State University, Nashville, United States
Arnold, L.; Observatoire de Haute-Provence, CNRS, Aix Marseille Universitté, Institut Pythtéas UMS 3470, Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire, France
Astudillo-Defru, N.; Departamento de Matemática y Física Aplicadas, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
Borgniet, S.; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France
Bonfils, X.; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France
Bourrier, V.; Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genéve, Versoix, Switzerland
Brugger, B.; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
Courcol, B.; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
Dalal, S.; Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR7095 CNRS, Universitté Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France
Deleuil, M.; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
Delfosse, X.; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France
Demangeon, O.; Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, Porto, Portugal
Díaz, R.F.; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina ; CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE), Buenos Aires, Argentina
Dumusque, X.; Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genéve, Versoix, Switzerland
Forveille, T.; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France
Hébrard, G.; Observatoire de Haute-Provence, CNRS, Aix Marseille Universitté, Institut Pythtéas UMS 3470, Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire, France ; Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR7095 CNRS, Universitté Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France
Hobson, M.J.; Instituto de Astrofésica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Santiago, Chile ; Millennium Institute for Astrophysics, Macul, Chile
Kiefer, F.; Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR7095 CNRS, Universitté Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France
Lopez, T.; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
Mignon, L.; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France
Mousis, O.; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
Moutou, C.; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France ; Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Corporation, Kamuela, United States
Pepe, F.; Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genéve, Versoix, Switzerland
Rey, J.; Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genéve, Versoix, Switzerland
Santos, N.C.; Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, Porto, Portugal ; Departamento de Fésica e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal
Ségransan, D.; Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genéve, Versoix, Switzerland
Udry, S.; Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genéve, Versoix, Switzerland
Wilson, P.A.; Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR7095 CNRS, Universitté Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France ; Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom ; Centre for Exoplanets and Habitability, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
acknowledges long-term support from NASA, NSF, Tennessee State University, and the State of Tennessee through its Centers of Excellence program. X.De., X.B., I.B., and T.F. received funding from the French Programme National de Physique Stellaire (PNPS) and the Programme National de Plan\u00E9tologie (PNP) of CNRS (INSU). X.B. acknowledges funding from the European Research Council under the ERC Grant Agreement n. 337591-ExTrA. This work has been supported by a grant from Labex OSUG@2020 (Investissements d\u2019avenir \u2013 ANR10 LABX56). This work is also supported by the French National Research Agency in the framework of the Investissements d\u2019Avenir program (ANR-15-IDEX-02), through the funding of the \u2018Origin of Life\u2019 project of the Univ. Grenoble-Alpes. V.B. acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) in the frame of the National Centre for Competence in Research PlanetS, and has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (project Four Aces; grant agreement No 724427). This work was supported by FCT \u2013 Funda\u00E7\u00E3o para a Ci\u00EAncia e a Tecnologia/MCTES through national funds (PID-DAC) by this grant UID/FIS/04434/2019, as well as through national funds (PTDC/FIS-AST/28953/2017 and PTDC/FIS-AST/32113/2017) and by FEDER \u2013 Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional through COMPETE2020 \u2013 Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalizae\u00B8\u00E3o (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028953 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032113). N.A-D. acknowledges support from FONDECYT #3180063. X.Du. is grateful to the Branco Weiss Fellowship\u2013Society in Science for continuous support.Acknowledgements. We warmly thank the OHP staff for their support on the observations. N.C.H. and J.-B. D. acknowledge the financial support of the National Centre for Competence in Research PlanetS of the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). This work was supported by the Programme National de Plan\u00E9tologie (PNP) of CNRS/INSU, co-funded by CNE. G.W.H.
Commentary :
Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
