Abstract :
[en] α-Alkylidene cyclic carbonates (αCCs) are gaining interest as building blocks in organic and polymer chemistry. To date, their synthesis via the coupling of CO2 to propargylic alcohols has been restricted to batch processes, with extensive efforts devoted to improving catalytic systems. Herein, utilizing a refined, homogeneous silver-carbene-organobase catalytic system, we optimized batch conditions to achieve, for the first time, complete conversion of tertiary propargylic alcohols within minutes instead of hours. Building on this, we introduce a continuous flow methodology to produce a library of αCCs, achieving the highest space-time yields reported, with quantitative conversions in less than 20 minutes and outputs up to 111 grams per day. This approach reduces CO2 usage to 1 or 2 equivalents, improves parameter control, and is expected to facilitate scalability. In addition, “plug-and-play” lab-scale continuous flow modules enable seamless integration of subsequent αCC transformations without intermediate purification, as illustrated by the aminolysis of αCCs into oxazolidones with good conversion (91%). Furthermore, supporting the silver-carbene catalyst on a polymer matrix eliminates silver contamination and even suppresses the need for a base co-catalyst. This work advances the scalable synthesis of αCCs via continuous flow, marking a significant step toward greener, CO2-based cyclic carbonates and derivatives.
Funding text :
This research program was funded by the University of Liege and the French Community of Belgium through Concerted Research Action CO2FLUIDICS 21/25-04 (PI: C. D., co-PI: J.-C. M. M.). P. S. is a F.R.S.-FNRS postdoctoral fellow and thanks FNRS for funding the ELITE project. C. D. is F.R.S.-FNRS Research Director and thanks FNRS for funding the CO2Switch project (Grant T.0075.20). J.-C.M.M. and C.D. thank the Region Wallonne for funding the FRFS-WEL-T Advanced Grants (WEL-T-CR-2023 A \u2013 05 \u201CSmart Flow Systems\u201D, PI: J.-C.M.M.; and WEL-T-CR-2023 A \u2013 02 \u201CCHEMISTRY\u201D, PI: C.D.). J. Y. thanks the European Research Council Consolidator Grant PARIS-101043485 for financial support. P. S. thanks Val\u00E9rie Collard for having run some experiments.
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