Article (Scientific journals)
Rapid CO2 coupling to propargylic alcohols: unlocking the production of α-alkylidene cyclic carbonates via continuous flow
Stiernet, Pierre; Verdin, Alexandre; Svanberg Frisinger, Maja Stina et al.
2024In Green Chemistry, 27 (3), p. 722 - 730
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Keywords :
carbon dioxide; flow reactor; cyclic carbonate
Abstract :
[en] α-Alkylidene cyclic carbonates (αCCs) are gaining interest as building blocks in organic and polymer chemistry. To date, their synthesis via the coupling of CO2 to propargylic alcohols has been restricted to batch processes, with extensive efforts devoted to improving catalytic systems. Herein, utilizing a refined, homogeneous silver-carbene-organobase catalytic system, we optimized batch conditions to achieve, for the first time, complete conversion of tertiary propargylic alcohols within minutes instead of hours. Building on this, we introduce a continuous flow methodology to produce a library of αCCs, achieving the highest space-time yields reported, with quantitative conversions in less than 20 minutes and outputs up to 111 grams per day. This approach reduces CO2 usage to 1 or 2 equivalents, improves parameter control, and is expected to facilitate scalability. In addition, “plug-and-play” lab-scale continuous flow modules enable seamless integration of subsequent αCC transformations without intermediate purification, as illustrated by the aminolysis of αCCs into oxazolidones with good conversion (91%). Furthermore, supporting the silver-carbene catalyst on a polymer matrix eliminates silver contamination and even suppresses the need for a base co-catalyst. This work advances the scalable synthesis of αCCs via continuous flow, marking a significant step toward greener, CO2-based cyclic carbonates and derivatives.
Disciplines :
Materials science & engineering
Chemistry
Author, co-author :
Stiernet, Pierre  ;  University of Liège [ULiège] - Complex and Entangled Systems from Atoms to Materials [CESAM] Research Unit - Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules [CERM] - Belgium
Verdin, Alexandre  ;  University of Liège [ULiège] - Molecular Systems [MolSys] Research Unit - Mass Spectrometry Laboratory - Belgium
Svanberg Frisinger, Maja Stina;  Univeristy of Stockholm - Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry - Sweden
Grignard, Bruno ;  University of Liège [ULiège] - Complex and Entangled Systems from Atoms to Materials [CESAM] Research Unit - Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules [CERM] - Belgium
Malherbe, Cédric  ;  University of Liège [ULiège] - Molecular Systems [MolSys] Research Unit - Mass Spectrometry Laboratory - Belgium
Yuan, Jiayin ;  Univeristy of Stockholm - Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry - Sweden
Monbaliu, Jean-Christophe  ;  University of Liège [ULiège] - Molecular Systems [MolSys] Research Unit - Center for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis [CiTOS] - Belgium ; WEL Research Institute -Wavre - Belgium
Detrembleur, Christophe  ;  University of Liège [ULiège] - Complex and Entangled Systems from Atoms to Materials [CESAM] Research Unit - Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules [CERM] - Belgium ; WEL Research Institute -Wavre - Belgium
Language :
English
Title :
Rapid CO2 coupling to propargylic alcohols: unlocking the production of α-alkylidene cyclic carbonates via continuous flow
Publication date :
04 December 2024
Journal title :
Green Chemistry
ISSN :
1463-9262
eISSN :
1463-9270
Publisher :
Royal Society of Chemistry
Volume :
27
Issue :
3
Pages :
722 - 730
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Funders :
FWB - Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles
F.R.S.-FNRS - Fund for Scientific Research
ERC - European Research Council
Funding text :
This research program was funded by the University of Liege and the French Community of Belgium through Concerted Research Action CO2FLUIDICS 21/25-04 (PI: C. D., co-PI: J.-C. M. M.). P. S. is a F.R.S.-FNRS postdoctoral fellow and thanks FNRS for funding the ELITE project. C. D. is F.R.S.-FNRS Research Director and thanks FNRS for funding the CO2Switch project (Grant T.0075.20). J.-C.M.M. and C.D. thank the Region Wallonne for funding the FRFS-WEL-T Advanced Grants (WEL-T-CR-2023 A \u2013 05 \u201CSmart Flow Systems\u201D, PI: J.-C.M.M.; and WEL-T-CR-2023 A \u2013 02 \u201CCHEMISTRY\u201D, PI: C.D.). J. Y. thanks the European Research Council Consolidator Grant PARIS-101043485 for financial support. P. S. thanks Val\u00E9rie Collard for having run some experiments.
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