planets and satellites: composition; planets and satellites: interiors; stars: individual: TOI-757 (TIC 130924120); techniques: photometric; techniques: radial velocities; Fundamental properties; High-precision; Neptune; Planets and satellites: compositions; Planets and satellites: interiors; Radial velocity measurements; Star: individual: TOI-757 (TIC 130924120); Stars: individual: proxima Centauri; Techniques: photometric; Techniques: radial velocities; Astronomy and Astrophysics; Space and Planetary Science
Abstract :
[en] We report the spectroscopic confirmation and fundamental properties of TOI−757 b, a mini−Neptune on a 17.5−d orbit transiting a bright star (V = 9.7 mag) discovered by the TESS mission. We acquired high−precision radial velocity measurements with the HARPS, ESPRESSO, and PFS spectrographs to confirm the planet detection and determine its mass. We also acquired space−borne transit photometry with the CHEOPS space telescope to place stronger constraints on the planet radius, supported with ground−based LCOGT photometry. WASP and KELT photometry were used to help constrain the stellar rotation period. We also determined the fundamental parameters of the host star. We find that TOI−757 b has a radius of Rp = 2.5 ± 0.1R. and a mass of Mp = 10.5+−2212M, implying a bulk density of ρp = 3.6 ± 0.8 g cm−3. Our internal composition modelling was unable to constrain the composition of TOI−757 b, highlighting the importance of atmospheric observations for the system. We also find the planet to be highly eccentric with e = 0.39+−000708, making it one of the very few highly eccentric planets among precisely characterized mini−Neptunes. Based on comparisons to other similar eccentric systems, we find a likely scenario for TOI−757 b’s formation to be high eccentricity migration due to a distant outer companion. We additionally propose the possibility of a more intrinsic explanation for the high eccentricity due to star−star interactions during the earlier epoch of the Galactic disc formation, given the low metallicity and older age of TOI−757.
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Alqasim, A. ; UCL Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Surrey, United Kingdom
Grieves, N. ; Observatoire de Genève, Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
Rosário, N.M. ; Instituto de Astrofisica e Ciencias do Espaco, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Porto, Portugal ; Departamento de Fisica e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Gandolfi, D. ; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
Livingston, J.H. ; Department of Astronomy, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Sousa, S. ; Instituto de Astrofisica e Ciencias do Espaco, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Porto, Portugal
Collins, K.A. ; Center for Astrophysics | Harvard and Smithsonian, Cambridge, United States
Teske, J.K. ; Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, United States
Fridlund, M. ; Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Onsala Space Observatory, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala, Sweden ; Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, Leiden, Netherlands
Egger, J.A. ; Weltraumforschung und Planetologie, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Cabrera, J. ; Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin, Germany
Hellier, C. ; Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Stafford, United Kingdom
Lanza, A.F. ; INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Catania, Italy
Van Eylen, V. ; UCL Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Surrey, United Kingdom
Bouchy, F. ; Observatoire de Genève, Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
Oelkers, R.J. ; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States ; Center for Gravitational Wave Astronomy, The University of Texas, Brownsville, United States
Srdoc, G. ; Kotizarovci Observatory, Viskovo, Croatia
Shectman, S. ; The Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science, Pasadena, United States
Günther, M. ; European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Noordwijk, Netherlands
Goffo, E. ; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy ; Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Tautenburg, Germany
Wilson, T. ; Institute for Theoretical Physics and Computational Physics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
Serrano, L.M. ; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
Brandeker, A. ; Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
Wang, S.X. ; Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm, Sweden
Heitzmann, A. ; Department of Astronomy, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
Bonfanti, A. ; Observatoire Astronomique, Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
Fossati, L. ; Observatoire Astronomique, Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
Alibert, Y. ; Weltraumforschung und Planetologie, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland ; Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
Delrez, L. ; Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland ; Astrobiology Research Unit, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium ; Space Sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR) Institute, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
Sefako, R. ; Institute of Astronomy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Barros, S. ; Instituto de Astrofisica e Ciencias do Espaco, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Porto, Portugal ; Departamento de Fisica e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Collins, K.I. ; South African Astronomical Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa ; Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
Demangeon, O.D.S. ; Instituto de Astrofisica e Ciencias do Espaco, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Porto, Portugal ; Departamento de Fisica e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Albrecht, S.H. ; Physics and Astronomy Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, United States
Alonso, R. ; Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark ; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain
Asquier, J. ; European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Noordwijk, Netherlands
Barczy, T. ; Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
Barrado, D. ; Admatis, Miskolc, Hungary
Baumjohann, W. ; Observatoire Astronomique, Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
Beck, T. ; Weltraumforschung und Planetologie, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Benz, W. ; Weltraumforschung und Planetologie, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland ; Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
Billot, N. ; Observatoire de Genève, Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
Borsato, L. ; Depto. de Astrofísica, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Madrid, Spain
Broeg, C. ; Weltraumforschung und Planetologie, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland ; Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
Bryant, E.M. ; UCL Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Surrey, United Kingdom
Butler, R.P. ; Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, United States
Cochran, W.D. ; INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Padova, Italy ; McDonald Observatory, The University of Texas, Austin, United States
Cameron, A. Collier ; Center for Planetary Systems Habitability, The University of Texas, Austin, United States
Correia, A.C.M.; Centre for Exoplanet Science, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
Crane, J.D. ; The Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science, Pasadena, United States
Csizmadia, Sz. ; Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin, Germany
Cubillos, P.E.; Observatoire Astronomique, Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland ; CFisUC, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Davies, M.B. ; INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Pino Torinese To, Italy
Daylan, T. ; Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Deleuil, M. ; Department of Physics, McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, United States
Deline, A.; Observatoire de Genève, Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
Demory, B.-O. ; Weltraumforschung und Planetologie, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland ; Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
Derekas, A.; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
Ehrenreich, D. ; Observatoire de Genève, Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland ; SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Leiden, Netherlands
Erikson, A.; Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin, Germany
Essack, Z. ; Centre Vie dans l’Univers, Faculté des sciences, Université de Genève, Genève 4, Switzerland
Fortier, A. ; Weltraumforschung und Planetologie, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland ; Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
Gazeas, K. ; Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, United States
Gillon, Michaël ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) ; Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Gudel, M.; Department of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, Athens, Greece
Hasiba, J.; Observatoire Astronomique, Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
Hirano, T.; Department of Astrophysics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria ; Astrobiology Center, Tokyo, Japan
Howell, S.B. ; NationalAstronomicalObservatoryofJapan, Tokyo, Japan
Hoyer, S. ; Department of Physics, McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, United States
Isaak, K.G. ; European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Noordwijk, Netherlands
Jenkins, J.M. ; NationalAstronomicalObservatoryofJapan, Tokyo, Japan
Kanodia, S. ; Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, United States
Kiss, L.L.; NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, United States ; Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
Korth, J. ; ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Physics, Budapest, Hungary
Lam, K.W.F. ; Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin, Germany
Laskar, J. ; Lund Observatory, Division of Astrophysics, Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
des Etangs, A. Lecavelier; IMCCE, UMR8028 CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Univ., Sorbonne Univ., Paris, France
Lendl, M. ; Observatoire de Genève, Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
Lund, M.B. ; Institut d’astrophysique de Paris, UMR7095 CNRS, Université Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France
Luque, R. ; NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, IPAC, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
Mann, A.W. ; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
Magrin, D. ; Depto. de Astrofísica, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Madrid, Spain
Maxted, P.F.L. ; Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Stafford, United Kingdom
Mordasini, C.; Weltraumforschung und Planetologie, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland ; Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
Narita, N. ; Department of Astrophysics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria ; Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States ; Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Nascimbeni, V. ; Depto. de Astrofísica, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Madrid, Spain
Nowak, G. ; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain ; Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Spain
Olofsson, G. ; Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
Osborn, H.P. ; Weltraumforschung und Planetologie, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland ; Institute of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
Osborne, H.L.M. ; UCL Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Surrey, United Kingdom ; Department of Physics, Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
Osip, D. ; European Southern Observatory, Garching bei München, Germany
Ottensamer, R. ; Department of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, Athens, Greece
Pagano, I. ; INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Catania, Italy
Palle, E. ; Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark ; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain
Peter, G. ; Las Campanas Observatory, Carnegie Institution for Science, La Serena, Chile
Piotto, G. ; Depto. de Astrofísica, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Madrid, Spain ; Institute of Optical Sensor Systems, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin, Germany
Pollacco, D. ; Department of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, Athens, Greece
Queloz, D. ; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia ‘Galileo Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy ; ETH Zurich, Department of Physics, Zurich, Switzerland
Ragazzoni, R. ; Depto. de Astrofísica, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Madrid, Spain ; Institute of Optical Sensor Systems, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin, Germany
Rando, N. ; European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Noordwijk, Netherlands
Rauer, H. ; Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin, Germany ; Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom ; Zentrum für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Ribas, I. ; Astronomy Department and Van Vleck Observatory, Wesleyan University, Middletown, United States ; Institut de Ciencies de l’Espai (ICE, CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain
Rice, M. ; Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Barcelona, Spain
Ricker, G.R. ; Institute of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
Rieder, M. ; Weltraumforschung und Planetologie, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Salmon, Sébastien ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Astrophysique stellaire théorique et astérosismologie ; Observatoire de Genève, Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
Santos, N.C. ; Instituto de Astrofisica e Ciencias do Espaco, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Porto, Portugal ; Departamento de Fisica e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Scandariato, G. ; INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Catania, Italy
Seager, S. ; Institute of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland ; Department of Astronomy, Yale University, New Haven, United States ; Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
Segransan, D. ; Observatoire de Genève, Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
Shporer, A. ; Institute of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
Simon, A.E. ; Weltraumforschung und Planetologie, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland ; Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
Smith, A.M.S. ; Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin, Germany
Stalport, Manu ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Unités de recherche interfacultaires > Space sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR) ; Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Szabo, Gy.M. ; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France ; Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, MIT, Cambridge, United States
Thompson, I. ; The Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science, Pasadena, United States
Twicken, J.D. ; NationalAstronomicalObservatoryofJapan, Tokyo, Japan ; HUN-REN–ELTE Exoplanet Research Group, Szombathely, Hungary
Udry, S. ; Observatoire de Genève, Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
Vanderspek, R. ; Institute of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
Van Grootel, Valérie ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Astrophysique stellaire théorique et astérosismologie
Venturini, J. ; Observatoire de Genève, Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
Villaver, E. ; Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark ; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain
Villaseñor, J. ; Institute of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
Viotto, V. ; Depto. de Astrofísica, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Madrid, Spain
Walter, I. ; Las Campanas Observatory, Carnegie Institution for Science , Colina el Pino, Casilla 601 La Serena 1720238 , Chile
Walton, N.A. ; SETI Institute, Mountain View, United States
Winn, J.N. ; Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Yee, S.W. ; Center for Astrophysics | Harvard and Smithsonian, Cambridge, United States ; Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom ; Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
UAE Space Agency SNSF - Swiss National Science Foundation Fondazione CRT FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology SNSA - Swedish National Space Agency BELSPO - Belgian Federal Science Policy Office ERDF - European Regional Development Fund AEI - Agencia Estatal de Investigación STFC - Science and Technology Facilities Council EU - European Union CNES - Centre National d'Études Spatiales DFG - Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Funding text :
AAQ thanks Daisuke Kawata for his valuable comments and input on the discussion. DG gratefully acknowledges financial support from the CRT Foundation under Grant No. 2018.2323 \u2018Gaseousor rocky? Unveiling the nature of small worlds\u2019. SGS acknowledges support from FCT through FCT contract nr. CEECIND/00826/2018 and POPH/FSE (EC). The Portuguese team thanks the Portuguese Space Agency for the provision of financial support in the framework of the PRODEX Programme of the European Space Agency (ESA) under contract number 4000142255. This work has been carried out within the framework of the NCCR PlanetS supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation under grants 51NF40_182901 and 51NF40_205606. MNG is the ESA CHEOPS Project Scientist and Mission Representative, and as such also responsible for the Guest Observers (GO) Programme. MNG does not relay proprietary information between the GO and Guaranteed Time Observation (GTO) Programmes, and does not decide on the definition and target selection of the GTO Programme. TWi acknowledges support from the UKSA and the University of Warwick. ABr was supported by the SNSA. YAl acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) under grant 200020_192038. The Belgian participation to CHEOPS has been supported by the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO) in the framework of the PRODEX Program, and by the University of Li\u00E8ge through an ARC grant for Concerted Research Actions financed by the Wallonia-Brussels Federation. LD thanks the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO) for the provision of financial support in the framework of the PRODEX Programme of the European Space Agency (ESA) under contract number 4000142531. SCCB acknowledges support from FCT through FCT contracts nr. IF/01312/2014/CP1215/CT0004. This work was supported by FCT \u2013 Funda\u00E7\u00E3o para a Ci\u00EAncia e a Tecnologia through national funds and by FEDER through COMPETE2020 through the research grants UIDB/04434/2020, UIDP/04434/2020, and 2022.06962.PTDC. ODSD is supported in the form of work contract (DL 57/2016/CP1364/CT0004) funded by national funds through FCT. We acknowledge financial support from the Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00F3n of the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00F3n MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the ERDF \u2018A way of making Europe\u2019 through projects PID2019-107061GB-C61, PID2019-107061GB-C66, PID2021-125627OB-C31, and PID2021-125627OB-C32, from the Centre of Excellence \u2018Severo Ochoa\u2019 award to the Instituto de Astrof\u00EDsica de Canarias (CEX2019-000920-S), from the Centre of Excellence \u2018Mar\u00EDa de Maeztu\u2019 award to the Institut de Ci\u00E8ncies de l\u2019Espai (CEX2020-001058-M), and from the Generalitat de Catalunya/CERCA programme. DBa, EPa, and IRi acknowledge financial support from the Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00F3n of the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00F3n MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the ERDF \u2018A way of making Europe\u2019 through projects PID2019-107061GB-C61, PID2019-107061GB-C66, PID2021-125627OB-C31, and PID2021-125627OB-C32, from the Centre of Excellence \u2018Severo Ochoa\u2019 award to the Instituto de Astrof\u00EDsica de Canarias (CEX2019-000920-S), from the Centre of Excellence \u2018Mar\u00EDa de Maeztu\u2019 award to the Institut de Ci\u00E8ncies de l\u2019Espai (CEX2020-001058-M), and from the Generalitat de Catalunya/CERCA programme. LBo, VNa, IPa, GPi, RRa, and GSc acknowledge support from CHEOPS ASI-INAF agreement n. 2019-29-HH.0. CBr and ASi acknowledge support from the Swiss Space Office through the ESA PRODEX program. ACC acknowledges support from STFC consolidated grant numbers ST/R000824/1 and ST/V000861/1, and UKSA grant number ST/R003203/1. PEC is funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) Erwin Schroedinger Fellowship, program J4595-N. This project was supported by the CNES. B-OD acknowledges support from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract number MB22.00046. This project has received funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation for project 200021_200726. It has also been carried out within the framework of the National Centre of Competence in Research PlanetS supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation under grant 51NF40_205606. The authors acknowledge the financial support of the SNSF. MF and CMP gratefully acknowledge the support of the Swedish National Space Agency (DNR 65/19, 174/18). MG is an F.R.S.-FNRS Senior Research Associate. CHe acknowledges support from the European Union H2020-MSCA-ITN-2019 under Grant Agreement no. 860470 (CHAMELEON). SH gratefully acknowledges CNES funding through the grant 837319. KWFL was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft grants RA714/14-1 within the DFG Schwerpunkt SPP 1992, Exploring the Diversity of Extrasolar Planets. This work was granted access to the HPC resources of MesoPSL financed by the Region Ile de France and the project Equip@Meso (reference ANR-10-EQPX-29-01) of the programme Investissements d\u2019Avenir supervised by the Agence Nationale pour la Recherche. ML acknowledges support of the Swiss National Science Foundation under grant number PCEFP2_194576. PM acknowledges support from STFC research grant number ST/R000638/1. This work was also partially supported by a grant from the Simons Foundation (PI Queloz, grant number 327127). NCSa acknowledges funding by the European Union (ERC, FIERCE, 101052347). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. GyMSz acknowledges the support of the Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFIH) grant K-125015, a PRODEX Experiment Agreement No. 4000137122, the Lend\u00FClet LP2018-7/2021 grant of the Hungarian Academy of Science and the support of the city of Szombathely. VVG is an F.R.S-FNRS Research Associate. JV acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) under grant PZ00P2_208945. NAW acknowledges UKSA grant ST/R004838/1. RL acknowledges funding from University of La Laguna through the Margarita Salas Fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Universities ref. UNI/551/2021-May 26, and under the EU Next Generation funds. GN thanks the research funding from the Ministry of Education and Science programme the \u2018Excellence Initiative \u2013 Research University\u2019 conducted at the Centre of Excellence in Astrophysics and Astrochemistry of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, Poland. This work is partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP18H05439 and JST CREST Grant Number JPMJCR1761. MR acknowledges support from Heising-Simons grant #2023-4478. We acknowledge financial support from the Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00F3n of the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00F3n MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the ERDF \u2018A way of making Europe\u2019 through project PID2021-125627OB-C32, and from the Centre of Excellence \u2018Severo Ochoa\u2019 award to the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. The contributions at the Mullard Space Science Laboratory by EMB have been supported by STFC through the consolidated grant ST/W001136/1. TD acknowledges support by the McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis. NMR acknowledges support from FCT through grant DFA/BD/5472/2020. ACMC ackowledges support from the FCT, Portugal, through the CFisUC projects UIDB/04564/2020 and UIDP/04564/2020, with DOI identifiers 10.54499/UIDB/04564/2020 and 10.54499/UIDP/04564/2020, respectively. JK gratefully acknowledges the support of the Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA; DNR 2020\u201300104) and of the Swedish Research Council (VR: Etableringsbidrag 2017\u201304945) This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (project Four Aces; grant agreement No 724427). It has also been carried out in the frame of the National Centre for Competence in Research PlanetS supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). DEh and ADe acknowledge financial support from the SNSF for project 200021_200726.We thank the referee for their thoughtful and helpful feedback, which helped improve the paper. AAQ acknowledges the funding bodies, the UAE Ministry of Presidential Affairs and the UAE Space Agency, for their support through the PhD scholarship. This work was supported by the KESPRINT collaboration, an international consortium devoted to the follow-up and characterization of exoplanets discovered from space-based missions ( http://www.kesprint.science/ ). We are extremely grateful to the ESO staff members for their unique and superb support during the observations. Based on observations performed with the CHEOPS space telescope. CHEOPS is an ESA mission in partnership with Switzerland with important contributions to the payload and the ground segment from Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The CHEOPS Consortium would like to gratefully acknowledge the support received by all the agencies, offices, universities, and industries involved. Their flexibility and willingness to explore new approaches were essential to the success of this mission. CHEOPS data analysed in this article will be made available in the CHEOPS mission archive ( https://cheops.unige.ch/archive_browser/ ). We thank the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) and the Geneva University for their continuous support to our planet search programs. This work has been in particular carried out in the frame of the National Centre for Competence in Research PlanetS supported by the SNSF. This publication uses The Data & Analysis Center for Exoplanets (DACE), which is a facility based at the University of Geneva dedicated to extrasolar planets data visualization, exchange, and analysis. We acknowledge the use of public TESS data from pipelines at the TESS Science Office and at the TESS Science Processing Operations Center (SPOC). Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center for the production of the SPOC data products. Funding for the TESS mission is provided by NASA\u2019s Science Mission Directorate. KAC acknowledges support from the TESS mission via subaward s3449 from MIT. TESS data presented in this paper were obtained from the Milkulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST) at the Space Telescope Science Institute. Some of the observations in this paper used the High-Resolution Imaging instrument \u2018Alopeke and were obtained under Gemini LLP Proposal Number: GN/S-2021A-LP-105. \u2018Alopeke was funded by the NASA Exoplanet Exploration Program and built at the NASA Ames Research Center by Steve B. Howell, Nic Scott, Elliott P. Horch, and Emmett Quigley. Alopeke was mounted on the Gemini North telescope of the international Gemini Observatory, a program of NSF\u2019s OIR Lab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation on behalf of the Gemini partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), National Research Council (Canada), Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00F3n y Desarrollo (Chile), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnolog\u00EDa e Innovaci\u00F3n (Argentina), Minist\u00E9rio da Ciencia, Tecnologia, Inova\u00E7\u00F5es e Comunica\u00E7\u00F5es (Brazil), and Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (Republic of Korea). This work was enabled by observations made from the Subaru, Gemini North, and Keck telescopes, located within the Maunakea Science Reserve and adjacent to the summit of Maunakea. We are grateful for the privilege of observing the Universe from a place that is unique in both its astronomical quality and its cultural significance. This work uses observations from the LCOGT network. Part of the LCOGT telescope time was granted by NOIRLab through the Mid-Scale Innovations Program (MSIP). MSIP is funded by NSF. This research has used the Exoplanet Follow-up Observation Program (ExoFOP; DOI: 10.26134/ExoFOP5) website, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program. This paper used data from the KELT survey (Pepper et al. ).
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