Circumstellar matter; Stars: fundamental parameters; Stars: variables: δ Scuti; Sun: granulation; Techniques: photometric; Circumstellar matters; Debris disk; Photometrics; Star: variable: δ scuti; Stars: variables; Stars:fundamental parameters; Stellars; δ Scuti; Astronomy and Astrophysics; Space and Planetary Science
Abstract :
[en] Context. HR 10 has only recently been identified as a binary system. Previously thought to be an A-type shell star, it appears that both components are fast-rotating A-type stars, each presenting a circumstellar envelope. Although showing complex photometric variability, spectroscopic observations of the metallic absorption lines reveal variation explained by the binarity, but not indicative of debris-disc inhomogeneities or sublimating exocomets. On the other hand, the properties of the two stars make them potential δ Scuti pulsators. Aims. The system has been observed in two sectors by the TESS satellite, and was the target of three observing visits by CHEOPS. Thanks to these new data, we aim to further characterise the stellar properties of the two components. In particular, we aim to decipher the extent to which the photometric variability can be attributed to a stellar origin. In complement, we searched in the lightcurves for transient-type events that could reveal debris discs or exocomets. Methods. We analysed the photometric variability of both the TESS and CHEOPS datasets in detail. We first performed a frequency analysis to identify and list all the periodic signals that may be related to stellar oscillations or surface variability. The signals identified as resulting from the stellar variability were then removed from the lightcurves in order to search for transient events in the residuals. Results. We report the detection of δ Scuti pulsations in both the TESS and CHEOPS data, but we cannot definitively identify which of the components is the pulsating star. In both datasets, we find flicker noise with the characteristics of a stellar granulation signal. However, it remains difficult to firmly attribute it to actual stellar granulation from convection, given the very thin surface convective zones predicted for both stars. Finally, we report probable detection of transient events in the CHEOPS data, without clear evidence of their origin.
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Salmon, Sébastien ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Astrophysique stellaire théorique et astérosismologie ; Observatoire Astronomique, Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
Van Grootel, Valérie ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Astrophysique stellaire théorique et astérosismologie
Sulis, S. ; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
Szabó, Gy. M.; ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Gothard Astrophysical Observatory, Szombathely, Hungary ; MTA-ELTE Exoplanet Research Group, Szombathely, Hungary
Brandeker, A.; Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm, Sweden
Broeg, C.; Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland ; Center for Space and Habitability, Bern, Switzerland
Ehrenreich, D.; Observatoire Astronomique, Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland ; Centre Vie dans la'Univers, Faculté des sciences, Université de Genève, Genève 4, Switzerland
Hoyer, S.; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
Sousa, S.G.; Instituto de Astrofisica e Ciencias do Espaco, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Porto, Portugal
Kiefer, F.; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut da'Astrophysique de Paris, Paris, France ; LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Meudon, France
Gandolfi, D.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
Nardiello, D.; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France ; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Galileo Galilei", Universita degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
Charpinet, S.; IRAP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CNES, Toulouse, France
Bonfanti, A.; Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
Wilson, T.G.; Centre for Exoplanet Science, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
Alibert, Y.; Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Alonso, R.; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain ; Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
Anglada, G.; Institut de Ciencies de la'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain ; Institut da'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Barcelona, Spain
Bárczy, T.; Admatis, Miskolc, Hungary
Barrado Navascues, D.; Depto. de Astrofisica, Centro de Astrobiologia (CSIC-INTA), Madrid, Spain
Barros, S.C.C.; Instituto de Astrofisica e Ciencias do Espaco, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Porto, Portugal ; Departamento de Fisica e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Baumjohann, W.; Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
Beck, M.; Observatoire Astronomique, Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
Beck, T.; Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Benz, W.; Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland ; Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Billot, N.; Observatoire Astronomique, Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
Bonfils, X.; INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Padova, Italy
Borsato, L.; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France
Cabrera, J.; Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin, Germany
Cessa, V.; Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Charnoz, S.; Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, Paris, France
Collier Cameron, A.; Centre for Exoplanet Science, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
Corral Van Damme, C.; ESTEC, European Space Agency, Noordwijk, Netherlands
Csizmadia, Sz.; Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin, Germany
Cubillos, P.E.; Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria ; INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Pino Torinese, Italy
Davies, M.B.; Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Deleuil, M.; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
Delrez, L.; Space Sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR) Institute, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium ; Astrobiology Research Unit, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
Demangeon, O.D.S.; Instituto de Astrofisica e Ciencias do Espaco, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Porto, Portugal ; Departamento de Fisica e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Demory, B.-O.; Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland ; Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Erikson, A.; Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin, Germany
Fortier, A.; Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland ; Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Fossati, L.; Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
Fridlund, M.; Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, Leiden, Netherlands ; Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, Onsala, Sweden
Gillon, Michaël ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO)
Güdel, M.; University of Vienna, Department of Astrophysics, Vienna, Austria
Hasiba, J.; Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
Isaak, K.G.; Science and Operations Department - Science Division (SCI-SC), Directorate of Science, European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Noordwijk, Netherlands
Kiss, L.L.; Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Budapest, Hungary ; ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Physics, Budapest, Hungary
Laskar, J.; IMCCE, UMR8028 CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Univ., Sorbonne Univ., Paris, France
Lecavelier Des Etangs, A.; Institut da'astrophysique de Paris, UMR7095 CNRS, Université Pierre & Marie Curie, Paris, France
Lendl, M.; Observatoire Astronomique, Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
Lovis, C.; Observatoire Astronomique, Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
Magrin, D.; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France
Maxted, P.F.L.; Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
Mordasini, C.; Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland ; Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Nascimbeni, V.; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France
Olofsson, G.; Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm, Sweden
Ottensamer, R.; Department of Astrophysics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Pagano, I.; INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Catania, Italy
Pallé, E.; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain
Peter, G.; Institute of Optical Sensor Systems, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin, Germany
Piotto, G.; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France ; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Galileo Galilei", Universita degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
Pollacco, D.; Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
Queloz, D.; ETH Zurich, Department of Physics, Zurich, Switzerland ; Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Ragazzoni, R.; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France ; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Galileo Galilei", Universita degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
Rando, N.; ESTEC, European Space Agency, Noordwijk, Netherlands
Rauer, H.; Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin, Germany ; Zentrum für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany ; Institut für Geologische Wissenschaften, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Ribas, I.; Institut de Ciencies de la'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain ; Institut da'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Barcelona, Spain
Santos, N.C.; Instituto de Astrofisica e Ciencias do Espaco, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Porto, Portugal ; Departamento de Fisica e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Scandariato, G.; INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Catania, Italy
Ségransan, D.; Observatoire Astronomique, Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
Simon, A.E.; Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Smith, A.M.S.; Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin, Germany
Steller, M.; Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
Thomas, N.; Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Udry, S.; Observatoire Astronomique, Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
Venturini, J.; Observatoire Astronomique, Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
Viotto, V.; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France
Walter, I.; German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Optical Sensor Systems, Berlin, Germany
Walton, N.A.; Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
We have special thanks to address to Dr B. Montesinos, the referee, who gave us very detailed comments and suggestions on the paper. We are indebted to him for having brought to our attention the question of the parallaxes quality assessment in the Gaia DR2 and DR3. We thank Dr V. Antoci for helpful discussion on \u03B4 Scuti pulsators. CHEOPS is an ESA mission in partnership with Switzerland with important contributions to the payload and the ground segment from Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The CHEOPS Consortium would like to gratefully acknowledge the support received by all the agencies, offices, universities, and industries involved. Their flexibility and willingness to explore new approaches were essential to the success of this mission. This paper includes data collected by the TESS mission that are publicly available from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). Funding for the TESS mission is provided by NASA\u2019s Science Mission directorate. We are grateful to V. Antoci for helpful comments. SJAJS has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No 833925, project STAREX). VVG is an F.R.S-FNRS Research Associate. SS acknowledges the support from CNES, the Programme National de Plan\u00E9tologie (PNP), and the Programme National de Physique Stellaire (PNPS) of CNRS-INSU. GyMSz acknowledges the support of the Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFIH) grant K-125015, a a PRODEX Experiment Agreement No. 4000137122, the Lend\u00FClet LP2018-7/2021 grant of the Hungarian Academy of Science and the support of the city of Szombathely. ABr was supported by the SNSA. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (project F OUR A CES . SH gratefully acknowledges CNES funding through the grant 837319. SGS acknowledges support from FCT through FCT contract nr. CEECIND/00826/2018 and POPH/FSE (EC). DG gratefully acknowledges financial support from the CRT foundation under Grant No. 2018.2323 \u201CGaseous or rocky? Unveiling the nature of small worlds\u201D. SC acknowledges financial support from the Centre National d\u2019Etudes Spatiales (CNES, France) and from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR, France) under grant ANR-17-CE31-0018, funding the INSIDE project. ACC and TW acknowledge support from STFC consolidated grant numbers ST/R000824/1 and ST/V000861/1, and UKSA grant number ST/R003203/1. YAl acknowledges the support of the Swiss National Fund under grant 200020_172746. We acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the European Regional Development Fund through grants ESP2016-80435-C2-1-R, ESP2016-80435-C2-2-R, PGC2018-098153-B-C33, PGC2018-098153-B-C31, ESP2017-87676-C5-1-R, MDM-2017-0737 Unidad de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu-Centro de Astrobiolog\u00EDa (INTA-CSIC), as well as the support of the Generalitat de Catalunya/CERCA programme. The MOC activities have been supported by the ESA contract No. 4000124370. SCCB acknowledges support from FCT through FCT contracts nr. IF/01312/2014/CP1215/CT0004. XB, SC, DG, MF and JL acknowledge their role as ESA-appointed CHEOPS science team members. LBo, VNa, IPa, GPi, RRa, GSc, VSi, and TZi acknowledge support from CHEOPS ASI-INAF agreement n. 2019-29-HH.0. ACC acknowledges support from STFC consolidated grant numbers ST/R000824/1 and ST/V000861/1, and UKSA grant number ST/R003203/1. PEC is funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) Erwin Schroedinger Fellowship, program J4595-N. This project was supported by the CNES. The Belgian participation to CHEOPS has been supported by the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO) in the framework of the PRODEX Program, and by the University of Li\u00E8ge through an ARC grant for Concerted Research Actions financed by the Wallonia-Brussels Federation. LD is an F.R.S.-FNRS Postdoctoral Researcher. This work was supported by FCT \u2013 Funda\u00E7\u00E3o para a Ci\u00EAncia e a Tecnologia through national funds and by FEDER through COMPETE2020 \u2013 Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalizac\u00E3o by these grants: UID/FIS/04434/2019, UIDB/04434/2020, UIDP/04434/2020, PTDC/FIS-AST/32113/2017 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER- 032113, PTDC/FIS-AST/28953/2017 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028953, PTDC/FIS-AST/28987/2017 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028987, O.D.S.D. is supported in the form of work contract (DL 57/2016/CP1364/CT0004) funded by national funds through FCT. B-OD acknowledges support from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract number MB22.00046. MF and CMP gratefully acknowledge the support of the Swedish National Space Agency (DNR 65/19, 174/18). MG is an F.R.S.-FNRS Senior Research Associate. KGI is the ESA CHEOPS Project Scientist and is responsible for the ESA CHEOPS Guest Observers Programme. She does not participate in, or contribute to, the definition of the Guaranteed Time Programme of the CHEOPS mission through which observations described in this paper have been taken, nor to any aspect of target selection for the programme. This work was granted access to the HPC resources of MesoPSL financed by the Region Ile de France and the project Equip@Meso (reference ANR-10-EQPX-29-01) of the programme Investissements d\u2019Avenir supervised by the Agence Nationale pour la Recherche. ML acknowledges support of the Swiss National Science Foundation under grant number PCEFP2_194576. PM acknowledges support from STFC research grant number ST/M001040/1. This work was also partially supported by a grant from the Simons Foundation (PI Queloz, grant number 327127). IRI acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the European Regional Development Fund through grant PGC2018-098153-B- C33, as well as the support of the Generalitat de Catalunya/CERCA programme. NAW acknowledges UKSA grant ST/R004838/1.We have special thanks to address to Dr B. Montesinos, the referee, who gave us very detailed comments and suggestions on the paper. We are indebted to him for having brought to our attention the question of the parallaxes quality assessment in the Gaia DR2 and DR3. We thank Dr V. Antoci for helpful discussion on d Scuti pulsators. CHEOPS is an ESA mission in partnership with Switzerland with important contributions to the payload and the ground segment from Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The CHEOPS Consortium would like to gratefully acknowledge the support received by all the agencies, offices, universities, and industries involved. Their flexibility and willingness to explore new approaches were essential to the success of this mission. This paper includes data collected by the TESS mission that are publicly available from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). Funding for the TESS mission is provided by NASA's Science Mission directorate. We are grateful to V. Antoci for helpful comments. SJAJS has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No 833925, project STAREX). VVG is an F.R.S-FNRS Research Associate. SS acknowledges the support from CNES, the Programme National de Plan\u00E9tologie (PNP), and the Programme National de Physique Stellaire (PNPS) of CNRS-INSU. GyMSz acknowledges the support of the Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFIH) grant K-125015, a a PRODEX Experiment Agreement No. 4000137122, the Lend\u00FClet LP2018-7/2021 grant of the Hungarian Academy of Science and the support of the city of Szombathely. ABr was supported by the SNSA. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (project Four Aces. SH gratefully acknowledges CNES funding through the grant 837319. SGS acknowledges support from FCT through FCT contract nr. CEECIND/00826/2018 and POPH/FSE (EC). DG gratefully acknowledges financial support from the CRT foundation under Grant No. 2018.2323 \"Gaseous or rocky? Unveiling the nature of small worlds\". SC acknowledges financial support from the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES, France) and from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR, France) under grant ANR-17- CE31-0018, funding the INSIDE project. ACC and TW acknowledge support from STFC consolidated grant numbers ST/R000824/1 and ST/V000861/1, and UKSA grant number ST/R003203/1. YAl acknowledges the support of the Swiss National Fund under grant 200020-172746. We acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the European Regional Development Fund through grants ESP2016-80435-C2-1-R, ESP2016- 80435-C2-2-R, PGC2018-098153-B-C33, PGC2018-098153-B-C31, ESP2017- 87676-C5-1-R, MDM-2017-0737 Unidad de Excelencia Maria de MaeztuCentro de Astrobiolog\u00EDa (INTA-CSIC), as well as the support of the Generalitat de Catalunya/CERCA programme. The MOC activities have been supported by the ESA contract No. 4000124370. SCCB acknowledges support from FCT through FCT contracts nr. IF/01312/2014/CP1215/CT0004. XB, SC, DG, MF and JL acknowledge their role as ESA-appointed CHEOPS science team members. LBo, VNa, IPa, GPi, RRa, GSc, VSi, and TZi acknowledge support from CHEOPS ASI-INAF agreement n. 2019-29-HH.0. ACC acknowledges support from STFC consolidated grant numbers ST/R000824/1 and ST/V000861/1, and UKSA grant number ST/R003203/1. PEC is funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) Erwin Schroedinger Fellowship, program J4595-N. This project was supported by the CNES. The Belgian participation to CHEOPS has been supported by the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO) in the framework of the PRODEX Program, and by the University of Li\u00E8ge through an ARC grant for Concerted Research Actions financed by the WalloniaBrussels Federation. LD is an F.R.S.-FNRS Postdoctoral Researcher. This work was supported by FCT - Funda\u00E7\u00E3o para a Ci\u00EAncia e a Tecnologia through national funds and by FEDER through COMPETE2020 - Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalizac\u00E3o by these grants: UID/FIS/04434/2019, UIDB/04434/2020, UIDP/04434/2020, PTDC/FIS-AST/32113/2017 and POCI01-0145-FEDER- 032113, PTDC/FIS-AST/28953/2017 and POCI-01-0145- FEDER-028953, PTDC/FIS-AST/28987/2017 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER028987, O.D.S.D. is supported in the form of work contract (DL 57/2016/CP1364/CT0004) funded by national funds through FCT. B-OD acknowledges support from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract number MB22.00046. MF and CMP gratefully acknowledge the support of the Swedish National Space Agency (DNR 65/19, 174/18). MG is an F.R.S.-FNRS Senior Research Associate. KGI is the ESA CHEOPS Project Scientist and is responsible for the ESA CHEOPS Guest Observers Programme. She does not participate in, or contribute to, the definition of the Guaranteed Time Programme of the CHEOPS mission through which observations described in this paper have been taken, nor to any aspect of target selection for the programme. This work was granted access to the HPC resources of MesoPSL financed by the Region Ile de France and the project Equip@Meso (reference ANR-10-EQPX-29-01) of the programme Investissements d'Avenir supervised by the Agence Nationale pour la Recherche. ML acknowledges support of the Swiss National Science Foundation under grant number PCEFP2-194576. PM acknowledges support from STFC research grant number ST/M001040/1. This work was also partially supported by a grant from the Simons Foundation (PI Queloz, grant number 327127). IRI acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the European Regional Development Fund through grant PGC2018-098153-B- C33, as well as the support of the Generalitat de Catalunya/CERCA programme. NAW acknowledges UKSA grant ST/R004838.
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