Biomonitoring of SCCPs; Biotransformation; Human exposure; Indoor contamination; PROTEX model; Paraffin; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; Humans; Environmental Monitoring/methods; China; Paraffin/analysis; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/analysis; Biomonitoring; Biomonitoring of short-chain CP; Human bloods; Human exposures; Individual variability; Short-chain chlorinated paraffins; Shorter chains; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Engineering; Environmental Chemistry; Waste Management and Disposal; Pollution; Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Abstract :
[en] Chlorinated paraffins (CPs), particularly short-chain CPs (SCCPs), have been reported in human blood with high detection frequency and often high variation among individuals. However, factors associated with and their contributions to inter-individual variability in SCCP concentrations in human blood have not been assessed. In this study, we first measured SCCP concentrations in 57 human blood samples collected from individuals living in the same vicinity in China. We then used the PROduction-To-Exposure model to investigate the impacts of variations in sociodemographic data, biotransformation rates, dietary patterns, and indoor contamination on inter-individual variability in SCCP concentrations in human blood. Measured ∑SCCP concentrations varied by a factor of 10 among individuals with values ranging from 122 to 1230 ng/g, wet weight. Model results show that age, sex, body weight, and dietary composition played a minor role in causing variability in ∑SCCP concentrations in human blood given that modeled ∑SCCP concentrations ranged over a factor of 2 - 3 correlated to the variations of these factors. In contrast, variations in the modeled ΣSCCP concentrations increased to factors of 6 and 8 when variability in biotransformation rates and indoor contamination were considered, respectively, indicating these two factors could be the most influential on inter-individual variability in SCCP concentrations in human blood.
Disciplines :
Chemistry
Author, co-author :
Niu, Shan ; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurement, Beijing, Beijing, China. Electronic address: shan.niu@pitt.edu
Chen, Xi ; National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
Chen, Ruiwen ; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Zou, Yun ; Organic Biological Analytical Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
Zhang, ZhiZhen; School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
Li, Li ; School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
Hageman, Kimberly J ; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
Ng, Carla; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Dong, Liang; National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurement, Beijing, Beijing, China
Language :
English
Title :
Understanding inter-individual variability in short-chain chlorinated paraffin concentrations in human blood.
We thank all volunteers for their willingness to donate blood samples to this project. We are grateful to Dr. Tom Harner, Dr. Jasmin Schuster, and Dr. Zhenwu Tang for their precious suggestions on the paper. This study was partially supported by the program of the research center for eco-environmental sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KF2016-16 ). The authors declare that they have no potential or actual competing financial interests.
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