Biomass valorization; Chitin; Ionic liquids; Green Chemistry Technology/methods
Abstract :
[en] A green protocol to extract chitin from crab shells using water soluble ionic liquids (ILs) is here reported. Compared to conventional multistep acid-base extraction methods, this one-pot procedure achieves pulping of recalcitrant crustacean waste shells by employing ammonium acetate, ammonium formate and hydroxylammonium acetate as water-soluble, low-cost and easy to prepare ILs. An extensive parametric analysis of the pulping process has been carried out with different ILs, different ratios, temperature and time. The optimized protocol provides a high-quality chitin comparable, if not better, to commercial chitin. The best results were obtained at 150 °C with ammonium formate prepared in-situ from aqueous ammonia and formic acid: chitin was isolated in a 17 wt% yield (based on dried crab shells as starting biowaste), a degree of acetylation (DA) > 94 %, a crystallinity index of 39-46 %, a molecular weight up to 6.6 × 105 g/mol and a polydispersity of ca 2.0.
Disciplines :
Chemistry
Author, co-author :
Campalani, Carlotta ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de chimie (sciences) > Center for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis ; Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy
Bertuol, Ilaria; Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy
Bersani, Chiara; Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy
Calmanti, Roberto; Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Colloid Chemistry, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
Filonenko, Svitlana; Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Colloid Chemistry, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
Rodríguez-Padrón, Daily; Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy
Selva, Maurizio; Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy. Electronic address: selva@unive.it
Perosa, Alvise; Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy. Electronic address: alvise@unive.it
Language :
English
Title :
Green extraction of chitin from hard spider crab shells.
The following are gratefully acknowledged for funding: European Union's Horizon 2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie Cofund Grant Agreement no. 945361: Cariverona project \u201CValorizzazione di scarti agroalimentari per nuovi cosmetici green\u201D ID n\u00B0 11174 - Cod. SIME n\u00B0 2019.0428; Fondazione Cariplo (Photo and Mechano-Chemistry for the Upgrading of Agro- and Sea-food Waste to advanced polymers and nanocarbon materials, CUBWAM, project 2021-0751). The authors warmly thank Dr. Marlies Graewert for providing the GPC measurements and Dr. Heike Runge for the SEM tests. SF is gratefully acknowledge the Max Planck Society for financial support.
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