[en] Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have emerged as a promising tool for controlling soil-dwelling crop pests. However, their efficacy varies according to EPN populations and targeted hosts. Wireworms are polyphagous insects causing significant crop losses, especially since the ban on pesticides previously used for their control. They are highly resistant to EPN populations and require high number of infective juveniles (IJs) to achieve optimal mortality rates. In this research, we collected and compared the virulence of 16 EPN populations, of foreign origin, purchased or collected from wireworms infested fields. Then, we have tested two hypotheses: (i) smaller nematodes induce heightened mortality rates against wireworms; (ii) virulence levels can be linked to nematodes-bacteria complex. Mortality rates scaled from three to 43 % after 56 days of continuous exposure across the 16 tested EPN populations (Heterorhabditis spp. and Steinernema spp.). Morphometric analysis of IJs revealed both intra- and interspecific variations in length and diameter among populations. Interestingly, while EPN length influence mortality at three days post-inoculation. We found leaner IJs (< 25 µm) to induce higher mortality rates at 56 days post-inoculation. To better determine the structure and dimensions of the primary entry routes utilized by EPNs, we provide optical microscope micrographs of wireworm Agriotes spp. spiracle, anal sclerotized coating anus and anal muscles. Symbiotic bacteria of each EPN population were identified, and a biochemical characterization was performed using Analytical Profile Index tests. The symbiotic bacteria belong to the species Photorhabdus antumapuensis, P. laumondii subsp. laumondii, P. thracensis, Xenorhabdus bovienii and X. nematophila. Bacteria biochemical profiles did not reflect the differences in virulence of nematodes-bacteria complex against wireworms. These findings highlight the importance of considering EPN morphometry and intraspecific variability in designing applications to control wireworms.
Disciplines :
Agriculture & agronomy
Author, co-author :
Chacon Hurtado, Jeimy Andréa ; Université de Liège - ULiège > TERRA Research Centre > Gestion durable des bio-agresseurs
Ruhland, Fanny ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Gestion durable des bio-agresseurs
Drabo, Salimata; Chemical and Behavioral Ecology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Avenue de la Faculté d'Agronomie 2B, Gembloux, 5030, Belgium
Smeets, Thibaut; Chemical and Behavioral Ecology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Avenue de la Faculté d'Agronomie 2B, Gembloux, 5030, Belgium
Checconi, Brice; Chemical and Behavioral Ecology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Avenue de la Faculté d'Agronomie 2B, Gembloux, 5030, Belgium
Campos-Herrera, Raquel; Departamento de Viticultura, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, Universidad de La Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja), Finca La Grajera, Ctra. de Burgos Km. 6 (LO-20 - salida 13), 26007 Logroño, Spain
Verheggen, François ; Université de Liège - ULiège > TERRA Research Centre > Gestion durable des bio-agresseurs
Language :
English
Title :
To be a good killer: Evaluation of morphometry and nematodes-bacteria complex effect on entomopathogenic nematodes virulence against wireworms.
Publication date :
12 November 2024
Journal title :
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology
ISSN :
0022-2011
eISSN :
1096-0805
Publisher :
Academic Press Inc., United States
Special issue title :
Leveraging advances in entomopathogenic nematode ecology toward improved biocontrol
FRIA - Fund for Research Training in Industry and Agriculture
Funding number :
FRIA/FC-2576 FC46977
Funding text :
The authors thank Dr Patrick Fickers and Sebastien Steels for the guidance and laboratory access for molecular identification (laboratory of Microbial Processes and Interactions, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech). Dr. Philippe Maesen and Virginie Byttebier to advice in the realization of biochemical test (Chemistry for Sustainable Food and Environmental Systems). Dr. Fernando Garc\u00EDa del Pino (Autonomous University of Barcelona) and Dr. Carlos Castaneda-Alvarez (University of Chile) for providing EPN populations. Dr Carlos Molina for providing e-nema populations. Julie Bonnet for her hard work during field collection, rearing and bioassays conduction. Dr. Yves Brostaux for his valuable advice on statistical analyses. The anonymous reviewers for their helpful feedback. This work was supported by Erasmus mundus grants: Brice Checconi (IN221021) and Salimata Drabo (FAMIENS01). Andrea Chacon Hurtado was awarded an FRIA grant (Fund for research training in industry and agriculture, FRIA/FC-2576 FC46977) to achieve a PhD thesis. Fanny Ruhland is supported by Attrack-and-kill Wallonia project (D65-1401/S1, Belgium). Raquel Campos-Herrera collaborated under the frame of the Grant PID2022-136487OB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and, by \u201CERDF A way of making Europe\u201D.The authors thank Dr Patrick Fickers and Sebastien Steels for the guidance and laboratory access for molecular identification (laboratory of Microbial Processes and Interactions, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech ). Dr. Philippe Maesen and Virginie Byttebier to advice in the realization of biochemical test (Chemistry for Sustainable Food and Environmental Systems). Dr. Fernando Garc\u00EDa del Pino ( Autonomous University of Barcelona ) and Dr. Carlos Castaneda-Alvarez ( University of Chile ) for providing EPN populations. Dr Carlos Molina for providing e-nema populations. Julie Bonnet for her hard work during field collection, rearing and bioassays conduction. Dr. Yves Brostaux for his valuable advice on statistical analyses. The anonymous reviewers for their helpful feedback. This work was supported by Erasmus mundus grants: Brice Checconi ( IN221021 ) and Salimata Drabo ( FAMIENS01 ). Andrea Chacon Hurtado was awarded an F.R.I.A grant (Fund for research training in industry and agriculture) to achieve a PhD thesis. Fanny Ruhland is supported by Attrack-and-kill Wallonia project ( D65-1401/S1 , Belgium). Raquel Campos-Herrera collaborated under the frame of the Grant PID2022-136487OB-I00 funded by MCIN / AEI/ 10 . 13039/501100011033 and, by \u201C ERDF A way of making Europe\u201D.
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