Exoplanet astronomy; Exoplanet detection methods; Direct imaging; High angular resolution; Extrasolar gaseous giant planets
Abstract :
[en] We present Super-RDI, a unique framework for the application of reference star differential imaging (RDI) to Keck/NIRC2 high-contrast imaging observations with the vortex coronagraph. Super-RDI combines frame selection and signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) optimization techniques with a large multiyear reference point-spread function (PSF) library to achieve optimal PSF subtraction at small angular separations. We compile an ∼7000 frame reference PSF library based on a set of 288 new Keck/NIRC2 <inline-formula> <mml:math overflow="scroll"><mml:mi>L</mml:mi><mml:mo accent="false">'</mml:mo></mml:math> </inline-formula> sequences of 237 unique targets acquired between 2015 and 2019 as part of two planet-search programs designed for RDI, one focusing on nearby young M dwarfs and the other targeting members of the Taurus star-forming region. For our data set, synthetic companion injection-recovery tests reveal that frame selection with the mean-squared error metric combined with Karhunen–Loève Image-Processing-based PSF subtraction using 1000–3000 frames and ≲500 principal components yields the highest average S/N for injected synthetic companions. We uniformly reduce targets in the young M-star survey with both Super-RDI and angular differential imaging (ADI). For the typical parallactic angle rotation of our data set (∼10°), Super-RDI performs better than a widely used implementation of ADI-based PSF subtraction at separations ≲0.″4 (≈5 λ/D), gaining an average of 0.25 mag in contrast at 0.″25 and 0.4 mag in contrast at 0.″15. This represents a performance improvement in separation space over RDI with single-night reference star observations (∼100 frame PSF libraries) applied to a similar Keck/NIRC2 data set in previous work. We recover two known brown dwarf companions and provide detection limits for 155 targets in the young M-star survey. Our results demonstrate that increasing the PSF library size with careful selection of reference frames can improve the performance of RDI with the Keck/NIRC2 vortex coronagraph in <inline-formula> <mml:math overflow="scroll"><mml:mi>L</mml:mi><mml:mo accent="false">'</mml:mo></mml:math> </inline-formula>.
Research Center/Unit :
STAR - Space sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research - ULiège
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Sanghi, Aniket; California Institute of Technology, Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy
Xuan, Jerry W.; California Institute of Technology, Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy
Wang, Jason J.; California Institute of Technology, Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Department of Physics and Astronomy
Mawet, Dimitri; California Institute of Technology, Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy
Bowler, Brendan P.; University of Texas, Austin, Department of Astronomy
Ngo, Henry; Herzberg Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics
Bryan, Marta L.; University of Toronto, Dunlap Institute
Ruane, Garreth; Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Absil, Olivier ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO)
Huby, Elsa; Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique
Language :
English
Title :
Efficiently Searching for Close-in Companions Around Young M Dwarfs Using a Multiyear PSF Library
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