Peripheral myelin: From development to maintenance.

Schwann cells; differentiation; myelin maintenance; myelination; Animals; Aging/physiology; Aging/metabolism; Myelin Sheath/metabolism; Myelin Sheath/physiology; Schwann Cells/metabolism; Cell Differentiation/physiology; Aging; Cell Differentiation; Myelin Sheath; Biochemistry; Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience

Abstract :

[en] Peripheral myelin is synthesized by glial cells called Schwann cells (SCs). SC development and differentiation must be tightly regulated to avoid any pathological consequence affecting peripheral nerve function. Neuropathic symptoms can arise from developmental issues in SCs, as well as in adult life through processes affecting mature SCs. In this review we focus on SC differentiation from the immature towards the myelinating and non-myelinating SC stages, defining molecular mechanisms outlining radial sorting, a multi-stepped event essential for immature SC differentiation and myelination. We also describe mechanisms regulating myelin sheath maintenance and SC homeostasis during aging. Finally, we will conclude with some remaining questions in the field of SC biology.

Disciplines :

Biochemistry, biophysics & molecular biology

Author, co-author :

Schumacher, Nathalie ; Université de Liège - ULiège > GIGA

Vandenbosch, Renaud ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences biomédicales et précliniques

Franzen, Rachelle ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences biomédicales et précliniques > Neuro-anatomie

Language :

English

Title :

Peripheral myelin: From development to maintenance.

Publication date :

January 2025

Journal title :

Journal of Neurochemistry

ISSN :

0022-3042

eISSN :

1471-4159

Publisher :

John Wiley and Sons Inc, England

Volume :

169

Issue :

Pages :

e16268

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Additional URL :

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jnc.16268

Funders :

F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique
FRIA - Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture

Funding text :

The authors acknowledge Animascience for all graphical original illustrations. This work is supported by grants from the Belgian Fund for Scientific Research (F.R.S.-FNRS), the Fondation Leon Fredericq, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege and the Faculty of Medicine \u201Ccr\u00E9dits classiques\u201D 2023, University of Li\u00E8ge. NS is FRIA grantee of the Belgian F.R.S.-FNRS.

Available on ORBi :

since 23 December 2024

Statistics

Number of views

17 (3 by ULiège)

Number of downloads

0 (0 by ULiège)

More statistics

Scopus citations^®

Scopus citations^®
without self-citations

OpenCitations

OpenAlex citations

Bibliography

Acheta, J., Bhatia, U., Haley, J., Hong, J., Rich, K., Close, R., Bechler, M., Belin, S., & Poitelon, Y. (2022). Piezo channels contribute to the regulation of myelination in Schwann cells. Glia, 70, 2276–2289.
Ackerman, S. D., Luo, R., Poitelon, Y., Mogha, A., Harty, B. L., D'Rozario, M., Sanchez, N., Lakkaraju, A., Gamble, P., Li, J., Qu, J., MacEwan, M., Ray, W., Aguzzi, A., Feltri, M., Piao, X., & Monk, K. R. (2018). GPR56/ADG RG1 regulates development and maintenance of peripheral myelin. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 215, 941–961.
Ackerman, S. D., & Monk, K. R. (2016). The scales and tales of myelination: Using zebrafish and mouse to study myelinating glia. Brain Research, 1641, 79–91.
Agnihotri, S., Jalali, S., Wilson, M. R., Danesh, A., Li, M., Klironomos, G., Krieger, J., Mansouri, A., Khan, O., Mamatjan, Y., Landon-Brace, N., Tung, T., Dowar, M., Li, T., Bruce, J., Burrell, K., Tonge, P., Alamsahebpour, A., Krischek, B., … Zadeh, G. (2016). The genomic landscape of schwannoma. Nature Genetics, 48, 1339–1348.
Almeida, R. G. (2018). The rules of attraction in central nervous system myelination. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 12, 1–9.
Anliker, B., Choi, J. W., Lin, M. E., Gardell, S. E., Rivera, R. R., Kennedy, G., & Chun, J. (2013). Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and its receptor, LPA1, influence embryonic Schwann cell migration, myelination, and cell-to-axon segregation. Glia, 61, 2009–2022.
Arthur-Farraj, P., Wanek, K., Hantke, J., Davis, C. M., Jayakar, A., Parkinson, D. B., Mirsky, R., & Jessen, K. R. (2011). Mouse Schwann cells need both NRG1 and cyclic AMP to myelinate. Glia, 59, 720–733.
Atanasoski, S., Boentert, M., De Ventura, L., Pohl, H., Baranek, C., Beier, K., Young, P., Barbacid, M., & Suter, U. (2008). Postnatal Schwann cell proliferation but not myelination is strictly and uniquely dependent on cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (cdk4). Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, 37, 519–527.
Atanasoski, S., Boller, D., De Ventura, L., Koegel, H., Boentert, M., Young, P., Werner, S., & Suter, U. (2006). Cell cycle inhibitors p21 and p16 are required for the regulation of Schwann cell proliferation. Glia, 53, 147–157.
Atanasoski, S., Scherer, S. S., Sirkowski, E., Leone, D., Garratt, A. N., Birchmeier, C., & Suter, U. (2006). ErbB2 signaling in Schwann cells is mostly dispensable for maintenance of myelinated peripheral nerves and proliferation of adult Schwann cells after injury. Journal of Neuroscience, 26, 2124–2131.
Atanasoski, S., Shumas, S., Dickson, C., Scherer, S. S., & Suter, U. (2001). Differential cyclin D1 requirements of proliferating Schwann cells during development and after injury. Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, 18, 581–592.
Ayuso-García, P., Sánchez-Rueda, A., Velasco-Avilés, S., Tamayo-Caro, M., Ferrer-Pinós, A., Huarte-Sebastian, C., Alvarez, V., Riobello, C., Jiménez-Vega, S., Buendia, I., Cañas-Martin, J., Fernández-Susavila, H., Aparicio-Rey, A., Esquinas-Román, E., Ponte, C., Guhl, R., Laville, N., Pérez-Andrés, E., Lavín, J., … Woodhoo, A. (2024). Neddylation orchestrates the complex transcriptional and posttranscriptional program that drives Schwann cell myelination. Science Advances, 10, 1–22.
Barnes-Vélez, J. A., Aksoy Yasar, F. B., & Hu, J. (2023). Myelin lipid metabolism and its role in myelination and myelin maintenance. Innovations, 4, 100360.
Beirowski, B., Wong, K. M., Babetto, E., & Milbrandt, J. (2017). MTORC1 promotes proliferation of immature Schwann cells and myelin growth of differentiated Schwann cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 114, E4261–E4270.
Bekku, Y., Zotter, B., You, C., Piehler, J., Leonard, W. J., & Salzer, J. L. (2024). Glia trigger endocytic clearance of axonal proteins to promote rodent myelination. Developmental Cell, 59, 627–644.e10.
Benninger, Y., Thurnherr, T., Pereira, J. A., Krause, S., Wu, X., Chrostek-Grashoff, A., Herzog, D., Nave, K. A., Franklin, R., Meijer, D., Brakebusch, C., Suter, U., & Relvas, J. B. (2007). Essential and distinct roles for cdc42 and rac1 in the regulation of Schwann cell biology during peripheral nervous system development. Journal of Cell Biology, 177, 1051–1061.
Bosch-Queralt, M., Fledrich, R., & Stassart, R. M. (2023). Schwann cell functions in peripheral nerve development and repair. Neurobiology of Disease, 176, 105952.
Bosio, A., Binczek, E., & Stoffel, W. (1996). Functional breakdown of the lipid bilayer of the myelin membrane in central and peripheral nervous system by disrupted galactocerebroside synthesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 93, 13280–13285.
Bremer, M., Fröb, F., Kichko, T., Reeh, P., Tamm, E. R., Suter, U., & Wegner, M. (2011). Sox10 is required for Schwann-cell homeostasis and myelin maintenance in the adult peripheral nerve. Glia, 59, 1022–1032.
Brites, P., Mooyer, P. A. W., El Mrabet, L., Waterham, H. R., & Wanders, R. J. A. (2009). Plasmalogens participate in very-long-chain fatty acid-induced pathology. Brain, 132, 482–492.
Brügger, V., Duman, M., Bochud, M., Münger, E., Heller, M., Ruff, S., & Jacob, C. (2017). Delaying histone deacetylase response to injury accelerates conversion into repair Schwann cells and nerve regeneration. Nature Communications, 8, 14272.
Brügger, V., Engler, S., Pereira, J. A., Ruff, S., Horn, M., Welzl, H., Münger, E., Vaquié, A., Sidiropoulos, P., Egger, B., Yotovski, P., Filgueira, L., Somandin, C., Lühmann, T., D'Antonio, M., Yamaguchi, T., Matthias, P., Suter, U., & Jacob, C. (2015). HDAC1/2-dependent P0 expression maintains paranodal and nodal integrity independently of myelin stability through interactions with neurofascins. PLoS Biology, 13, 1–31.
Camargo, N., Smit, A. B., & Verheijen, M. H. G. (2009). SREBPs: SREBP function in glia-neuron interactions. FEBS Journal, 276, 628–636.
Cermenati, G., Audano, M., Giatti, S., Carozzi, V., Porretta-Serapiglia, C., Pettinato, E., Ferri, C., D'Antonio, M., De Fabiani, E., Crestani, M., Scurati, S., Saez, E., Azcoitia, I., Cavaletti, G., Garcia-Segura, L. M., Melcangi, R., Caruso, D., & Mitro, N. (2015). Lack of sterol regulatory element binding factor-1c imposes glial fatty acid utilization leading to peripheral neuropathy. Cell Metabolism, 21, 571–583.
Chan, J. R., Jolicoeur, C., Yamauchi, J., Jimmy, E., Fawcett, J. P., Ng, B. K., & Cayouette, M. (2006). The polarity protein Par-3 directly interacts with p75NTR to regulate myelination. Science, 314, 832–836.
Chen, P., Cescon, M., Megighian, A., & Bonaldo, P. (2014). Collagen VI regulates peripheral nerve myelination and function. FASEB Journal, 28, 1145–1156.
Cotter, L., Özçelik, M., Jacob, C., Pereira, J. A., Locher, V., Baumann, R., Relvas, J., Suter, U., & Tricaud, N. (2010). Dlg1-PTEN interaction regulates myelin thickness to prevent damaging peripheral nerve overmyelination. Science, 328, 1415–1418.
da Silva, T., Eira, J., Lopes, A. T., Malheiro, A. R., Sousa, V., Luoma, A., Avila, R., Wanders, R., Just, W., Kirschner, D., Sousa, M., & Brites, P. (2014). Peripheral nervous system plasmalogens regulate Schwann cell differentiation and myelination. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 124, 2560–2570.
Daboussi, L., Costaguta, G., Gullo, M., Jasinski, N., Pessino, V., O'Leary, B., Lettieri, K., Driscoll, S., & Pfaff, S. L. (2023). Mitf is a Schwann cell sensor of axonal integrity that drives nerve repair. Cell Reports, 42, 113282.
de Faria, O., Pivonkova, H., Varga, B., Timmler, S., Evans, K. A., & Káradóttir, R. T. (2021). Periods of synchronized myelin changes shape brain function and plasticity. Nature Neuroscience, 24, 1508–1521.
De Preux, A. S., Goosen, K., Zhang, W., Sima, A. A. F., Shimano, H., Ouwens, D. M., Diamant, M., Hillebrands, J. L., Rozing, J., Lemke, G., Beckmann, J., Smit, A., Verheijen, M., & Chrast, R. (2007). SREBP-1c expression in Schwann cells is affected by diabetes and nutritional status. Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, 35, 525–534.
DeBose-Boyd, R. A., & Ye, J. (2018). SREBPs in lipid metabolism, insulin signaling, and beyond. Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 43, 358–368.
Decker, L., Desmarquet-Trin-Dinh, C., Taillebourg, E., Ghislain, J., Vallat, J. M., & Charnay, P. (2006). Peripheral myelin maintenance is a dynamic process requiring constant Krox20 expression. Journal of Neuroscience, 26, 9771–9779.
Della-Flora Nunes, G., Mueller, L., Silvestri, N., Patel, M. S., Wrabetz, L., Feltri, M. L., & Poitelon, Y. (2017). Acetyl-CoA production from pyruvate is not necessary for preservation of myelin. Glia, 65, 1626–1639.
Della-Flora Nunes, G., Wilson, E. R., Hurley, E., He, B., O'malley, B. W., Poitelon, Y., Wrabetz, L., & Feltri, M. L. (2021). Activation of mTORC1 and c-Jun by prohibitin 1 loss in Schwann cells may link mitochondrial dysfunction to demyelination. eLife, 10, 1–28.
Della-Flora Nunes, G., Wilson, E. R., Marziali, L. N., Hurley, E., Silvestri, N., He, B., O'Malley, B., Beirowski, B., Poitelon, Y., Wrabetz, L., & Feltri, M. L. (2021). Prohibitin 1 is essential to preserve mitochondria and myelin integrity in Schwann cells. Nature Communications, 12, 1–16.
Deng, Y., Wu, L. M. N., Bai, S., Zhao, C., Wang, H., Wang, J., Xu, L., Sakabe, M., Zhou, W., Xin, M., & Lu, Q. R. (2017). A reciprocal regulatory loop between TAZ/YAP and G-protein gas regulates Schwann cell proliferation and myelination. Nature Communications, 8, 15161.
Doddrell, R. D. S., Dun, X. P., Moate, R. M., Jessen, K. R., Mirsky, R., & Parkinson, D. B. (2012). Regulation of Schwann cell differentiation and proliferation by the Pax-3 transcription factor. Glia, 60, 1269–1278.
Duman, M., Martinez-Moreno, M., Jacob, C., & Tapinos, N. (2020). Functions of histone modifications and histone modifiers in Schwann cells. Glia, 68, 1584–1595.
Eichel, M. A., Gargareta, V. I., D'Este, E., Fledrich, R., Kungl, T., Buscham, T. J., Lüders, K., Miracle, C., Jung, R., Distler, U., Kusch, K., Möbius, W., Hülsmann, S., Tenzer, S., Nave, K. A., & Werner, H. B. (2020). CMTM6 expressed on the adaxonal Schwann cell surface restricts axonal diameters in peripheral nerves. Nature Communications, 11, 1–12.
Eid, W., Dauner, K., Courtney, K. C., Gagnon, A. M., Parks, R. J., Sorisky, A., & Zha, X. (2017). mTORC1 activates SREBP-2 by suppressing cholesterol trafficking to lysosomes in mammalian cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 114, 7999–8004.
Emery, B., & Wood, T. L. (2024). Regulators of oligodendrocyte differentiation. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, 16, a041358.
Faroni, A., Smith, R. J. P., Procacci, P., Castelnovo, L. F., Puccianti, E., Reid, A. J., Magnaghi, V., & Verkhratsky, A. (2014). Purinergic signaling mediated by P2X7 receptors controls myelination in sciatic nerves. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 92, 1259–1269.
Faroni, A., Castelnovo, L. F., Procacci, P., Caffino, L., Fumagalli, F., Melfi, S., Gambarotta, G., Bettler, B., Wrabetz, L., & Magnaghi, V. (2014). Deletion of GABA-B receptor in Schwann cells regulates Remak bundles and small nociceptive C-fibers. Glia, 62, 548–565.
Feltri, M. L., Poitelon, Y., & Previtali, S. C. (2016). How Schwann cells sort axons: New concepts. The Neuroscientist, 22, 252–265.
Feltri, M. L., Porta, D. G., Previtali, S. C., Nodari, A., Migliavacca, B., Cassetti, A., Littlewood-Evans, A., Reichardt, L., Messing, A., Quattrini, A., Mueller, U., & Wrabetz, L. (2002). Conditional disruption of β1 integrin in Schwann cells impedes interactions with axons. Journal of Cell Biology, 156, 199–209.
Fernando, R. N., Cotter, L., Perrin-Tricaud, C., Berthelot, J., Bartolami, S., Pereira, J. A., Gonzalez, S., Suter, U., & Tricaud, N. (2016). Optimal myelin elongation relies on YAP activation by axonal growth and inhibition by Crb3/Hippo pathway. Nature Communications, 7, 12186.
Fledrich, R., Abdelaal, T., Rasch, L., Bansal, V., Schütza, V., Brügger, B., Lüchtenborg, C., Prukop, T., Stenzel, J., Rahman, R., Hermes, D., Ewers, D., Möbius, W., Ruhwedel, T., Katona, I., Weis, J., Klein, D., Martini, R., Brück, W., … Sereda, M. (2018). Targeting myelin lipid metabolism as a potential therapeutic strategy in a model of CMT1A neuropathy. Nature Communications, 9, 3025.
Fricker, F. R., Lago, N., Balarajah, S., Tsantoulas, C., Tanna, S., Zhu, N., Fageiry, S., Jenkins, M., Garratt, A., Birchmeier, C., & Bennett, D. L. H. (2011). Axonally derived Neuregulin-1 is required for remyelination and regeneration after nerve injury in adulthood. Journal of Neuroscience, 31, 3225–3233.
Fricker, F. R., Zhu, N., Tsantoulas, C., Abrahamsen, B., Nassar, M. A., Thakur, M., Garratt, A., Birchmeier, C., McMahon, S., Wood, J., & Bennett, D. L. H. (2009). Sensory axon-derived Neuregulin-1 is required for axoglial signaling and normal sensory function but not for long-term axon maintenance. Journal of Neuroscience, 29, 7667–7678.
Garratt, A. N., Voiculescu, O., Topilko, P., Charnay, P., & Birchmeier, C. (2000). A dual role of erbB2 in myelination and in expansion of the Schwann cell precursor pool. Journal of Cell Biology, 148, 1035–1046.
Gerber, D., Pereira, J. A., Gerber, J., Tan, G., Dimitrieva, S., Yángüez, E., & Suter, U. (2021). Transcriptional profiling of mouse peripheral nerves to the single-cell level to build a sciatic nerve atlas (Snat). eLife, 10, 1–28.
Ghidinelli, M., Poitelon, Y., Shin, Y. K., Ameroso, D., Williamson, C., Ferri, C., Pellegatta, M., Espino, K., Mogha, A., Monk, K., Podini, P., Taveggia, C., Nave, K. A., Wrabetz, L., Park, H., & Feltri, M. L. (2017). Laminin 211 inhibits protein kinase A in Schwann cells to modulate Neuregulin 1 type III-driven myelination. PLoS Biology, 15, 1–26.
Ghislain, J., & Charnay, P. (2006). Control of myelination in Schwann cells: A Krox20 cis-regulatory element integrates Oct6, Brn2 and Sox10 activities. EMBO Reports, 7, 52–58.
Glenn, T. D., & Talbot, W. S. (2013). Analysis of Gpr126 function defines distinct mechanisms controlling the initiation and maturation of myelin. Development, 140, 3167–3175.
Gökbuget, D., Pereira, J. A., Opitz, L., Christe, D., Kessler, T., Marchais, A., & Suter, U. (2018). The miRNA biogenesis pathway prevents inappropriate expression of injury response genes in developing and adult Schwann cells. Glia, 66, 2632–2644.
Gomez-Sanchez, J. A., Lopez, M., Lujan, R., Kessaris, N., Richardson, W. D., & Cabedo, H. (2009). Sustained axon-glial signaling induces Schwann cell hyperproliferation, Remak bundle myelination, and tumorigenesis. Journal of Neuroscience, 29, 11304–11315.
Gomez-Sanchez, J. A., Pilch, K. S., van, M., Fazal, S. V., Benito, C., Wagstaff, L. J., Mirsky, R., & Jessen, K. R. (2017). After nerve injury, lineage tracing shows that myelin and Remak Schwann cells elongate extensively and branch to form repair Schwann cells, which shorten radically on remyelination. Journal of Neuroscience, 37, 9086–9099.
Gomis-Coloma, C., Velasco-Aviles, S., Gomez-Sanchez, J. A., Casillas-Bajo, A., Backs, J., & Cabedo, H. (2018). Class IIa histone deacetylases link cAMP signaling to the myelin transcriptional program of Schwann cells. Journal of Cell Biology, 217, 1249–1268.
Grigoryan, T., & Birchmeier, W. (2015). Molecular signaling mechanisms of axon-glia communication in the peripheral nervous system. BioEssays, 37, 502–513.
Grigoryan, T., Stein, S., Qi, J., Wende, H., Garratt, A. N., Nave, K. A., Birchmeier, C., & Birchmeier, W. (2013). Wnt/Rspondin/β-catenin signals control axonal sorting and lineage progression in Schwann cell development. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110, 18174–18179.
Grison, A., & Atanasoski, S. (2020). Cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases, and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in the mouse nervous system. Molecular Neurobiology, 57, 3206–3218.
Grossmann, K. S., Wende, H., Paul, F. E., Cheret, C., Garratt, A. N., Zurborg, S., Feinberg, K., Besser, D., Schulz, H., Peles, E., Selbach, M., Birchmeier, W., & Birchmeier, C. (2009). The tyrosine phosphatase Shp2 (PTPN11) directs Neuregulin-1/ErbB signaling throughout Schwann cell development. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106, 16704–16709.
Grove, M., & Brophy, P. J. (2014). FAK is required for Schwann cell spreading on immature basal lamina to coordinate the radial sorting of peripheral axons with myelination. Journal of Neuroscience, 34, 13422–13434.
Grove, M., Kim, H., Pang, S., Amaya, J. P., Hu, G., Zhou, J., Lemay, M., & Son, Y. J. (2024). TEAD1 is crucial for developmental myelination, Remak bundles, and functional regeneration of peripheral nerves. eLife, 13, 1–25.
Grove, M., Kim, H., Santerre, M., Krupka, A. J., Han, S. B., Zhai, J., Cho, J., Park, R., Harris, M., Kim, S., Sawaya, B., Kang, S., Barbe, M., Cho, S. H., Lemay, M., & Son, Y. J. (2017). YAP/TAZ initiate and maintain Schwann cell myelination. eLife, 6, 1–27.
Guo, L., Moon, C., Niehaus, K., Zheng, Y., & Ratner, N. (2012). Rac1 controls Schwann cell myelination through cAMP and NF2/merlin. Journal of Neuroscience, 32, 17251–17261.
Guo, L., Moon, C., Zheng, Y., & Ratner, N. (2013). Cdc42 regulates Schwann cell radial sorting and myelin sheath folding through NF2/merlin-dependent and independent signaling. Glia, 61, 1906–1921.
Harty, B. L., & Monk, K. R. (2017). Unwrapping the unappreciated: Recent progress in Remak Schwann cell biology. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 47, 131–137.
Hayashi, A., Kaneko, N., Tomihira, C., & Baba, H. (2013). Sulfatide decrease in myelin influences formation of the paranodal axo-glial junction and conduction velocity in the sciatic nerve. Glia, 61, 466–474.
He, Y., Kim, J. Y., Dupree, J., Tewari, A., Melendez-Vasquez, C., Svaren, J., & Casaccia, P. (2010). Yy1 as a molecular link between Neuregulin and transcriptional modulation of peripheral myelination. Nature Neuroscience, 13, 1472–1482.
Heinen, A., Kremer, D., Göttle, P., Kruse, F., Hasse, B., Lehmann, H., Hartung, H., & Küry, P. (2008). The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p57kip2 is a negative regulator of Schwann cell differentiation and in vitro myelination. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105, 8748–8753.
Heinen, A., Tzekova, N., Graffmann, N., Torres, K. J., Uhrberg, M., Hartung, H. P., & Küry, P. (2012). Histone methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homolog 2 regulates Schwann cell differentiation. Glia, 60, 1696–1708.
Heller, B. A., Ghidinelli, M., Voelkl, J., Einheber, S., Smith, R., Grund, E., Morahan, G., Chandler, D., Kalaydjieva, L., Giancotti, F., King, R., Fejes-Toth, A., Fejes-Toth, G., Feltri, M., Lang, F., & Salzer, J. L. (2014). Functionally distinct PI 3-kinase pathways regulate myelination in the peripheral nervous system. Journal of Cell Biology, 204, 1219–1236.
Hercher, D., Nguyen, M. Q., & Dworak, H. (2022). Extracellular vesicles and their role in peripheral nerve regeneration. Experimental Neurology, 350, 113968.
Horton, J. D., Goldstein, J. L., & Brown, M. S. (2002). SREBPs: Activators of the complete program of cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis in the liver. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 109, 1125–1131.
Hu, B., Moiseev, D., Schena, I., Faezov, B., Dunbrack, R., Chernoff, J., & Li, J. (2024). PAK2 is necessary for myelination in the peripheral nervous system. Brain, 147, 1809–1821.
Hung, H. A., Sun, G., Keles, S., & Svaren, J. (2015). Dynamic regulation of Schwann cell enhancers after peripheral nerve injury. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 290, 6937–6950.
Imgrund, S., Hartmann, D., Farwanah, H., Eckhardt, M., Sandhoff, R., Degen, J., Gieselmann, V., Sandhoff, K., & Willecke, K. (2009). Adult ceramide synthase 2 (CERS2)-deficient mice exhibit myelin sheath defects, cerebellar degeneration, and hepatocarcinomas. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 284, 33549–33560.
Jacob, C. (2017). Chromatin-remodeling enzymes in control of Schwann cell development, maintenance and plasticity. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 47, 24–30.
Jacob, C., Christen, C. N., Pereira, J. A., Somandin, C., Baggiolini, A., Lötscher, P., Özçelik, M., Tricaud, N., Meijer, D., Yamaguchi, T., Matthias, P., & Suter, U. (2011). HDAC1 and HDAC2 control the transcriptional program of myelination and the survival of Schwann cells. Nature Neuroscience, 14, 429–436.
Jaegle, M., Ghazvini, M., Mandemakers, W., Piirsoo, M., Driegen, S., Levavasseur, F., Raghoenath, S., Grosveld, F., & Meijer, D. (2003). The POU proteins Brn-2 and Oct-6 share important functions in Schwann cell development. Genes and Development, 17, 1380–1391.
Jessen, K. R., & Mirsky, R. (2019). Schwann cell precursors; multipotent glial cells in embryonic nerves. Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, 12, 1–16.
Kantarci, H., Elvira, P. D., Thottumkara, A. P., Tawfik, V. L., Du Bois, J., & Zuchero, J. B. (2024). Schwann cell-secreted PGE 2 promotes sensory neuron excitability during development. Cell, 187, 4690–4712.
Kao, S.-C., Wu, H., Xie, J., Chang, C.-P., Ranish, J. A., Graef, I. A., & Crabtree, G. R. (2009). Calcineurin/NFAT signaling is required for Neuregulin-regulated Schwann cell differentiation. Science, 323, 651–654.
Kim, H. A., Pomeroy, S. L., Whoriskey, W., Pawlitzky, I., Benowitz, L. I., Sicinski, P., Stiles, C., & Roberts, T. M. (2000). A developmentally regulated switch regenerative growth of Schwann cells through cyclin D1. Neuron, 26, 405–416.
Kim, M., Wende, H., Walcher, J., Kühnemund, J., Cheret, C., Kempa, S., McShane, E., Selbach, M., Lewin, G., & Birchmeier, C. (2018). Maf links Neuregulin1 signaling to cholesterol synthesis in myelinating Schwann cells. Genes and Development, 32, 645–657.
Kim, S., Maynard, J. C., Sasaki, Y., Strickland, A., Sherman, D. L., Brophy, P. J., Burlingame, A., & Milbrandt, J. (2016). Schwann cell O-GlcNAc glycosylation is required for myelin maintenance and axon integrity. Journal of Neuroscience, 36, 9633–9646.
Küffer, A., Lakkaraju, A. K. K., Mogha, A., Petersen, S. C., Airich, K., Doucerain, C., Marpakwar, R., Bakirci, P., Senatore, A., Monnard, A., Schiavi, C., Nuvolone, M., Grosshans, B., Hornemann, S., Bassilana, F., Monk, K., & Aguzzi, A. (2016). The prion protein is an agonistic ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor Adgrg6. Nature, 536, 464–468.
La Marca, R., Cerri, F., Horiuchi, K., Bachi, A., Feltri, M. L., Wrabetz, L., Blobel, C., Quattrini, A., Salzer, J., & Taveggia, C. (2011). TACE (ADAM17) inhibits Schwann cell myelination. Nature Neuroscience, 14, 857–865.
Le, N., Nagarajan, R., Wang, J. Y. T., Araki, T., Schmidt, R. E., & Milbrandt, J. (2005). Analysis of congenital hypomyelinating Egr2Lo/Lo nerves identifies Sox2 as an inhibitor of Schwann cell differentiation and myelination. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102, 2596–2601.
le, N., Nagarajan, R., Wang, J. Y. T., Svaren, J., LaPash, C., Araki, T., Schmidt, R., & Milbrandt, J. (2005). Nab proteins are essential for peripheral nervous system myelination. Nature Neuroscience, 8, 932–940.
LeBlanc, S. E., Srinivasan, R., Ferri, C., Mager, G. M., Gillian-Daniel, A. L., Wrabetz, L., & Svaren, J. (2005). Regulation of cholesterol/lipid biosynthetic genes by Egr2/Krox20 during peripheral nerve myelination. Journal of Neurochemistry, 93, 737–748.
Lewallen, K. A., Shen, Y. A. A., De La Torre, A. R., Ng, B. K., Meijer, D., & Chan, J. R. (2011). Assessing the role of the cadherin/catenin complex at the Schwann cell-axon interface and in the initiation of myelination. Journal of Neuroscience, 31, 3032–3043.
Li, H., Yang, H., Liu, Y., Huan, W., Zhang, S., Wu, G., Lu, Q., Wang, Q., & Wang, Y. (2011). The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 Kip1 is a positive regulator of Schwann cell differentiation in vitro. Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, 45, 277–283.
Lyons, D. A., Pogoda, H. M., Voas, M. G., Woods, I. G., Diamond, B., Nix, R., Arana, N., Jacobs, J., & Talbot, W. S. (2005). erbb3 and erbb2 are essential for Schwann cell migration and myelination in zebrafish. Current Biology, 15, 513–524.
Ma, K. H., & Svaren, J. (2018). Epigenetic control of Schwann cells. The Neuroscientist, 24, 627–638.
Maas, S. L. N., Breakefield, X. O., & Weaver, A. M. (2017). Extracellular vesicles: Unique intercellular delivery vehicles. Trends in Cell Biology, 27, 172–188.
Marathe, H. G., Mehta, G., Zhang, X., Datar, I., Mehrotra, A., Yeung, K. C., & de la Serna, I. L. (2013). SWI/SNF enzymes promote SOX10- mediated activation of myelin gene expression. PLoS One, 8, 1–14.
Maurel, P., & Salzer, J. L. (2000). Axonal regulation of Schwann cell proliferation and survival and the initial events of myelination requires PI 3-kinase activity. Journal of Neuroscience, 20, 4635–4645.
McFerrin, J., Patton, B. L., Sunderhaus, E. R., & Kretzschmar, D. (2017). NTE/PNPLA6 is expressed in mature Schwann cells and is required for glial ensheathment of Remak fibers. Glia, 65, 804–816.
McKee, K. K., Yang, D. H., Patel, R., Chen, Z. L., Strickland, S., Takagi, J., Sekiguchi, K., & Yurchenco, P. D. (2012). Schwann cell myelination requires integration of laminin activities. Journal of Cell Science, 125, 4609–4619.
Melendez-Vasquez, C. V., Einheber, S., & Salzer, J. L. (2004). Rho kinase regulates Schwann cell myelination and formation of associated axonal domains. Journal of Neuroscience, 24, 3953–3963.
Meng, X., Maurel, P., Lam, I., Heffernan, C., Stiffler, M. A., McBeath, G., & Salzer, J. L. (2019). Necl-4/Cadm4 recruits Par-3 to the Schwann cell adaxonal membrane. Glia, 67, 884–895.
Meschkat, M., Steyer, A. M., Weil, M. T., Kusch, K., Jahn, O., Piepkorn, L., Agüi-Gonzalez, P., Phan, N., Ruhwedel, T., Sadowski, B., Rizzoli, S., Werner, H., Ehrenreich, H., Nave, K. A., & Möbius, W. (2022). White matter integrity in mice requires continuous myelin synthesis at the inner tongue. Nature Communications, 13, 1163.
Michailov, G. V., Sereda, M. W., Brinkmann, B. G., Fischer, T. H., Haug, B., Birchmeier, C., Role, L., Lai, C., Schwab, M., & Nave, K. A. (2004). Axonal Neuregulin-1 regulates myelin sheath thickness. Science, 304, 700–703.
Mogha, A., Benesh, A. E., Patra, C., Engel, F. B., Schöneberg, T., Liebscher, I., & Monk, K. R. (2013). Gpr126 functions in Schwann cells to control differentiation and myelination via G-protein activation. Journal of Neuroscience, 33, 17976–17985.
Montag, D., Giese, K. P., Bartsch, U., Martini, R., Lang, Y., Blüthmann, H., Karthigasan, J., Kirschner, D., Wintergerst, E., Nave, K. A., Zielasek, J., Toyka, K., Lipp, H. P., & Schachner, M. (1994). Mice deficient for the glycoprotein show subtle abnormalities in myelin. Neuron, 13, 229–246.
Montani, L., Buerki-Thurnherr, T., de Faria, J. P., Pereira, J. A., Dias, N. G., Fernandes, R., Gonçalves, A. F., Braun, A., Benninger, Y., Böttcher, R. T., Costell, M., Nave, K.-A., Franklin, R. J. M., Meijer, D., Suter, U., & Relvas, J. B. (2014). Profilin 1 is required for peripheral nervous system myelination. Development, 141, 1553–1561.
Montani, L., Pereira, J. A., Norrmén, C., Pohl, H. B. F., Tinelli, E., Trötzmüller, M., Figlia, G., Dimas, P., von Niederhäusern, B., Schwager, R., Jessberger, S., Semenkovich, C., Köfeler, H., & Suter, U. (2018). De novo fatty acid synthesis by Schwann cells is essential for peripheral nervous system myelination. Journal of Cell Biology, 217, 1353–1368.
Muppirala, A. N., Limbach, L. E., Bradford, E. F., & Petersen, S. C. (2021). Schwann cell development: From neural crest to myelin sheath. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Developmental Biology, 10, 1–34.
Nave, K. A., & Salzer, J. L. (2006). Axonal regulation of myelination by Neuregulin 1. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 16, 492–500.
Ness, J. K., Snyder, K. M., & Tapinos, N. (2013). Lck tyrosine kinase mediates β1-integrin signalling to regulate Schwann cell migration and myelination. Nature Communications, 4, 1912.
Norrmén, C., Figlia, G., Lebrun-Julien, F., Pereira, J. A., Trötzmüller, M., Köfeler, H. C., Rantanen, V., Wessig, C., van, A. L., Smit, A., Verheijen, M., Rüegg, M., Hall, M., & Suter, U. (2014). mTORC1 controls PNS myelination along the mTORC1-RXRγ-SREBP-lipid biosynthesis axis in Schwann cells. Cell Reports, 9, 646–660.
Noseda, R., Belin, S., Piguet, F., Vaccari, I., Scarlino, S., Brambilla, P., Boneschi, F., Feltri, M., Wrabetz, L., Quattrini, A., Feinstein, E., Huganir, R., & Bolino, A. (2013). DDIT4/REDD1/RTP801 is a novel negative regulator of Schwann cell myelination. Journal of Neuroscience, 33, 15295–15305.
Ommer, A., Figlia, G., Pereira, J. A., Datwyler, A. L., Gerber, J., DeGeer, J., Lalli, G., & Suter, U. (2019). Ral GTPases in Schwann cells promote radial axonal sorting in the peripheral nervous system. Journal of Cell Biology, 218, 2350–2369.
Özkaynak, E., Abello, G., Jaegle, M., van, L., Hamer, D., Kegel, L., Driegen, S., Sagane, K., Bermingham, J., Jr., & Meijer, D. (2010). Adam22 is a major neuronal receptor for Lgi4-mediated Schwann cell signaling. Journal of Neuroscience, 30, 3857–3864.
Paavola, K. J., Sidik, H., Zuchero, J. B., Eckart, M., & Talbot, W. S. (2014). Type IV collagen is an activating ligand for the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor GPR126. Science Signaling, 7, 1–10.
Painter, M. W. (2017). Aging Schwann cells: Mechanisms, implications, future directions. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 47, 203–208.
Parfejevs, V., Debbache, J., Shakhova, O., Schaefer, S. M., Glausch, M., Wegner, M., Suter, U., Riekstina, U., Werner, S., & Sommer, L. (2018). Injury-activated glial cells promote wound healing of the adult skin in mice. Nature Communications, 9, 1–16.
Park, H. J., Tsai, E., Huang, D., Weaver, M., Frick, L., Alcantara, A., Moran, J., Patzig, J., Melendez-Vasquez, C., Crabtree, G., Feltri, M. L., Svaren, J., & Casaccia, P. (2022). ACTL6a coordinates axonal caliber recognition and myelination in the peripheral nerve. IScience, 25, 104132.
Parkinson, D. B., Bhaskaran, A., Droggiti, A., Dickinson, S., D'Antonio, M., Mirsky, R., & Jessen, K. R. (2004). Krox-20 inhibits Jun-NH2-terminal kinase/c-Jun to control Schwann cell proliferation and death. Journal of Cell Biology, 164, 385–394.
Pereira, J. A., Baumann, R., Norrmén, C., Somandin, C., Miehe, M., Jacob, C., Lühmann, T., Hall-Bozic, H., Mantei, N., Meijer, D., & Suter, U. (2010). Dicer in Schwann cells is required for myelination and axonal integrity. Journal of Neuroscience, 30, 6763–6775.
Pereira, J. A., Benninger, Y., Baumann, R., Gonçalves, A. F., Ozçelik, M., Thurnherr, T., Tricaud, N., Meijer, D., Fässler, R., Suter, U., & Relvas, J. B. (2009). Integrin-linked kinase is required for radial sorting of axons and Schwann cell remyelination in the peripheral nervous system. Journal of Cell Biology, 185, 147–161.
Petersen, S. C., Luo, R., Liebscher, I., Giera, S., Jeong, S. J., Mogha, A., Ghidinelli, M., Feltri, M., Schöneberg, T., Piao, X., & Monk, K. R. (2015). The adhesion GPCR GPR126 has distinct, domain-dependent functions in Schwann cell development mediated by interaction with Laminin-211. Neuron, 85, 755–769.
Poitelon, Y., Bogni, S., Matafora, V., Della-Flora Nunes, G., Hurley, E., Ghidinelli, M., Katzenellenbogen, B., Taveggia, C., Silvestri, N., Bachi, A., Sannino, A., Wrabetz, L., & Feltri, M. L. (2015). Spatial mapping of juxtacrine axo-glial interactions identifies novel molecules in peripheral myelination. Nature Communications, 6, 1–13.
Poitelon, Y., Kopec, A. M., & Belin, S. (2020). Myelin fat facts: An overview of lipids and fatty acid metabolism. Cells, 9, 812.
Poitelon, Y., Lopez-Anido, C., Catignas, K., Berti, C., Palmisano, M., Williamson, C., Ameroso, D., Abiko, K., Hwang, Y., Gregorieff, A., Wrana, J., Asmani, M., Zhao, R., Sim, F., Wrabetz, L., Svaren, J., & Feltri, M. L. (2016). YAP and TAZ control peripheral myelination and the expression of laminin receptors in Schwann cells. Nature Neuroscience, 19, 879–887.
Porrello, E., Rivellini, C., Dina, G., Triolo, D., del, U., Ungaro, D., Panattoni, M., Feltri, M., Wrabetz, L., Pardi, R., Quattrini, A., & Previtali, S. C. (2014). Jab1 regulates Schwann cell proliferation and axonal sorting through p27. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 211, 29–43.
Previtali, S. C. (2021). Peripheral nerve development and the pathogenesis of peripheral neuropathy: The sorting point. Neurotherapeutics, 18, 2156–2168.
Procacci, N. M., Hastings, R. L., Aziz, A. A., Christiansen, N. M., Zhao, J., DeAngeli, C., LeBlanc, N., Notterpek, L., Valdez, G., & Gould, T. W. (2023). Kir4.1 is specifically expressed and active in non-myelinating Schwann cells. Glia, 71, 926–944.
Procacci, P., Ballabio, M., Castelnovo, L. F., Mantovani, C., & Magnaghi, V. (2012). GABA-B receptors in the PNS have a role in Schwann cells differentiation? Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 6, 1–7.
Raphael, A. R., Lyons, D. A., & Talbot, W. S. (2011). ErbB signaling has a role in radial sorting independent of Schwann cell number. Glia, 59, 1047–1055.
Rasi, K., Hurskainen, M., Kallio, M., Stavén, S., Sormunen, R., Heape, A. M., Avila, R., Kirschner, D., Muona, A., Tolonen, U., Tanila, H., Huhtala, P., Soininen, R., & Pihlajaniemi, T. (2010). Lack of collagen XV impairs peripheral nerve maturation and, when combined with laminin-411 deficiency, leads to basement membrane abnormalities and sensorimotor dysfunction. Journal of Neuroscience, 30, 14490–14501.
Rosenberg, L. H., Cattin, A. L., Fontana, X., Harford-Wright, E., Burden, J. J., White, I. J., Smith, J., Napoli, I., Quereda, V., Policarpi, C., Freeman, J., Ketteler, R., Riccio, A., & Lloyd, A. C. (2018). HDAC3 regulates the transition to the homeostatic myelinating Schwann cell state. Cell Reports, 25, 2755–2765.e5.
Rosenbluth, J. (1980). Peripheral myelin in the mouse mutant Shiverer. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 193, 729–739.
Saher, G., Quintes, S., Möbius, W., Wehr, M. C., Krämer-Albers, E. M., Brügger, B., & Nave, K. A. (2009). Cholesterol regulates the endoplasmic reticulum exit of the major membrane protein P0 required for peripheral myelin compaction. Journal of Neuroscience, 29, 6094–6104.
Saito, F., Moore, S. A., Barresi, R., Henry, M. D., Messing, A., Ross-Barta, S. E., Cohn, R., Williamson, R., Sluka, K., Sherman, D., Brophy, P., Schmelzer, J., Low, P., Wrabetz, L., Feltri, M. L., & Campbell, K. P. (2003). Unique role of dystroglycan in peripheral nerve myelination, nodal structure, and sodium channel stabilization. Neuron, 38, 747–758.
Salles, J., Sargueil, F., Knoll-Gellida, A., Witters, L. A., Shy, M., Jiang, H., Cassagne, C., & Garbay, B. (2002). Fatty acid synthase expression during peripheral nervous system myelination. Molecular Brain Research, 101, 52–58.
Salzer, J., Feltri, M. L., & Jacob, C. (2024). Schwann cell development and myelination. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, 16, a041360.
Saporta, M. A. C., Shy, B. R., Patzko, A., Bai, Y., Pennuto, M., Ferri, C., Tinelli, E., Saveri, P., Kirschner, D., Crowther, M., Southwood, C., Wu, X., Gow, A., Feltri, M., Wrabetz, L., & Shy, M. E. (2012). MpzR98C arrests Schwann cell development in a mouse model of early-onset Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1B. Brain, 135, 2032–2047.
Saur, A. L., Fröb, F., Weider, M., & Wegner, M. (2021). Formation of the node of Ranvier by Schwann cells is under control of transcription factor Sox10. Glia, 69, 1464–1477.
Scherschel, K., Hedenus, K., Jungen, C., Lemoine, M. D., Rübsamen, N., Veldkamp, M. W., Klatt, N., Lindner, D., Westermann, D., Casini, S., Kuklik, P., Eickholt, C., Klöcker, N., Shivkumar, K., Christ, T., Zeller, T., Willems, S., & Meyer, C. (2019). Cardiac glial cells release neurotrophic S100B upon catheter-based treatment of atrial fibrillation. Science Translational Medicine, 11, 1–11.
Shen, Y. A. A., Chen, Y., Dao, D. Q., Mayoral, S. R., Wu, L., Meijer, D., Ullian, E., Chan, J., & Lu, Q. R. (2014). Phosphorylation of LKB1/Par-4 establishes Schwann cell polarity to initiate and control myelin extent. Nature Communications, 5, 4991.
Sherman, D. L., Krols, M., Wu, L. M. N., Grove, M., Nave, K. A., Gangloff, Y. G., & Brophy, P. J. (2012). Arrest of myelination and reduced axon growth when Schwann cells lack mTOR. Journal of Neuroscience, 32, 1817–1825.
Shi, Q., Saifetiarova, J., Taylor, A. M., & Bhat, M. A. (2018). mTORC1 activation by loss of Tsc1 in myelinating glia causes downregulation of quaking and neurofascin 155 leading to paranodal domain disorganization. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 12, 1–17.
Shin, Y. K., Jang, S. Y., Park, S. Y., Park, J. Y., Kim, J. K., Kim, J. P., Suh, D., Lee, H., & Park, H. T. (2014). Grb2-associated binder-1 is required for Neuregulin-1- induced peripheral nerve myelination. Journal of Neuroscience, 34, 7657–7662.
Siems, S. B., Jahn, O., Eichel, M. A., Kannaiyan, N., Wu, L. M. N., Sherman, D. L., Kusch, K., Hesse, D., Jung, R., Fledrich, R., Sereda, M., Rossner, M., Brophy, P., & Werner, H. B. (2020). Proteome profile of peripheral myelin in healthy mice and in a neuropathy model. eLife, 9, 1–31.
Sock, E., & Wegner, M. (2019). Transcriptional control of myelination and remyelination. Glia, 67, 2153–2165.
Sparrow, N., Manetti, M. E., Bott, M., Fabianac, T., Petrilli, A., Bates, M. L., Bunge, M., Lambert, S., & Fernandez-Valle, C. (2012). The actin-severing protein cofilin is downstream of Neuregulin signaling and is essential for Schwann cell myelination. Journal of Neuroscience, 32, 5284–5297.
Srinivasan, R., Mager, G. M., Ward, R. M., Mayer, J., & Svaren, J. (2006). NAB2 represses transcription by interacting with the CHD4 subunit of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 281, 15129–15137.
Srinivasan, R., Sun, G., Keles, S., Jones, E. A., Jang, S. W., Krueger, C., Moran, J., & Svaren, J. (2012). Genome-wide analysis of EGR2/SOX10 binding in myelinating peripheral nerve. Nucleic Acids Research, 40, 6449–6460.
Stierli, S., Napoli, I., White, I. J., Cattin, A. L., Cabrejos, A. M., Calavia, N. G., Malong, L., Ribeiro, S., Nihouarn, J., Williams, R., Young, K. M., Richardson, W. D., & Lloyd, A. C. (2018). The regulation of the homeostasis and regeneration of peripheral nerve is distinct from the CNS and independent of a stem cell population. Development, 145, 24.
Svaren, J. (2014). microRNA and transcriptional crosstalk in myelinating glia. Neurochemistry International, 77, 50–57.
Syed, N., Reddy, K., Yang, D. P., Taveggia, C., Salzer, J. L., Maurel, P., & Kim, H. A. (2010). Soluble Neuregulin-1 has bifunctional, concentration-dependent effects on Schwann cell myelination. Journal of Neuroscience, 30, 6122–6131.
Tasdemir-Yilmaz, O. E., Druckenbrod, N. R., Olukoya, O. O., Dong, W., Yung, A. R., Bastille, I., Pazyra-Murphy, M., Sitko, A., Hale, E., Vigneau, S., Gimelbrant, A., Kharchenko, P., Goodrich, L., & Segal, R. A. (2021). Diversity of developing peripheral glia revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. Developmental Cell, 56, 2516–2535.e8.
Taveggia, C., Zanazzi, G., Petrylak, A., Yano, H., Rosenbluth, J., Einheber, S., Xu, X., Esper, R., Loeb, J., Shrager, P., Chao, M., Falls, D., Role, L., & Salzer, J. L. (2005). Neuregulin-1 type III determines the ensheathment fate of axons. Neuron, 47, 681–694.
Tikoo, R., Zanazzi, G., Shiffman, D., Salzer, J., & Chao, M. V. (2000). Cell cycle control of Schwann cell proliferation: Role of cyclin- dependent kinase-2. Journal of Neuroscience, 20, 4627–4634.
Topilko, P., Schneider-Maunoury, S., Levi, G., Baron-van, A., Chennoufi, A. B. Y., Seitanidou, T., Babinet, C., & Charnay, P. (1994). Krox-20 controls myelination in the peripheral nervous system. Nature, 371, 796–799.
Trimarco, A., Forese, M. G., Alfieri, V., Lucente, A., Brambilla, P., Dina, G., Pieragostino, D., Sacchetta, P., Urade, Y., Boizet-Bonhoure, B., Boneschi, F., Quattrini, A., & Taveggia, C. (2014). Prostaglandin D2 synthase/GPR44: A signaling axis in PNS myelination. Nature Neuroscience, 17, 1682–1692.
Verheijen, M. H. G., Camargo, N., Verdier, V., Nadra, K., de Preux Charles, A. S., Médard, J. J., Luoma, A., Crowther, M., Inouye, H., Shimano, H., Chen, S., Brouwers, J., Helms, J., Feltri, M., Wrabetz, L., Kirschner, D., Chrast, R., & Smit, A. B. (2009). SCAP is required for timely and proper myelin membrane synthesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106, 21383–21388.
Verheijen, M. H. G., Chrast, R., Burrola, P., & Lemke, G. (2003). Local regulation of fat metabolism in peripheral nerves. Genes and Development, 17, 2450–2464.
Viader, A., Sasaki, Y., Kim, S., Strickland, A., Workman, C. S., Yang, K., Gross, R., & Milbrandt, J. (2013). Aberrant Schwann cell lipid metabolism linked to mitochondrial deficits leads to axon degeneration and neuropathy. Neuron, 77, 886–898.
von Boxberg, Y., Soares, S., Féréol, S., Fodil, R., Bartolami, S., Taxi, J., Tricaud, N., & Nothias, F. (2014). Giant scaffolding protein AHNAK1 interacts with β-dystroglycan and controls motility and mechanical properties of Schwann cells. Glia, 62, 1392–1406.
Weider, M., Küspert, M., Bischof, M., Vogl, M. R., Hornig, J., Loy, K., Kosian, T., Müller, J., Hillgärtner, S., Tamm, E., Metzger, D., & Wegner, M. (2012). Chromatin-remodeling factor Brg1 is required for Schwann cell differentiation and myelination. Developmental Cell, 23, 193–201.
Weiss, T., Taschner-Mandl, S., Janker, L., Bileck, A., Rifatbegovic, F., Kromp, F., Sorger, H., Kauer, M., Frech, C., Windhager, R., Gerner, C., Ambros, P., & Ambros, I. M. (2021). Schwann cell plasticity regulates neuroblastic tumor cell differentiation via epidermal growth factor-like protein 8. Nature Communications, 12, 1–19.
Wilde, C., Chaudhry, P. M., Luo, R., Simon, K. U., Piao, X., & Liebscher, I. (2023). Collagen VI is a Gi-biased ligand of the adhesion GPCR GPR126/ADGRG6. Cells, 12, 1–9.
Willem, M., Garratt, A. N., Novak, B., Citron, M., Kaufmann, S., Rittger, A., DeStrooper, B., Saftig, P., Birchmeier, C., & Haass, C. (2006). Control of peripheral nerve myelination by the β-secretase BACE1. Science, 314, 664–666.
Wilson, E. R., Della-Flora Nunes, G., Weaver, M. R., Frick, L. R., & Feltri, M. L. (2021). Schwann cell interactions during the development of the peripheral nervous system. Developmental Neurobiology, 81, 464–489.
Wu, L. M. N., Wang, J., Conidi, A., Zhao, C., Wang, H., Ford, Z., Zhang, L., Zweier, C., Ayee, B., Maurel, P., Zwijsen, A., Chan, J., Jankowski, M., Huylebroeck, D., & Lu, Q. R. (2016). Zeb2 recruits HDAC-NuRD to inhibit Notch and controls Schwann cell differentiation and remyelination. Nature Neuroscience, 19, 1060–1072.
Wu, M., Li, M., Liu, W., Yan, M., Li, L., Ding, W., Nian, X., Dai, W., Sun, D., Zhu, Y., Huang, Q., Lu, X., Cai, Z., Hong, F., Li, X., Zhang, L., Liu, Z., Mo, W., Zhang, X., & Zhang, L. (2023). Nucleoporin Seh1 maintains Schwann cell homeostasis by regulating genome stability and necroptosis. Cell Reports, 42, 112802.
Wüst, H. M., Wegener, A., Fröb, F., Hartwig, A. C., Wegwitz, F., Kari, V., Schimmel, M., Tamm, E., Johnsen, S., Wegner, M., & Sock, E. (2020). Egr2-guided histone H2B monoubiquitination is required for peripheral nervous system myelination. Nucleic Acids Research, 48, 8959–8976.
Xue, M., Zhu, Y., Jiang, Y., Han, L., Shi, M., Su, R., Wang, L., Xiong, C., Wang, C., Wang, T., Deng, S., Wu, D., Cao, Y., Dong, L., Bai, F., Zhao, S., Deng, X., Peng, C., Li, H., … Chen, H. (2023). Schwann cells regulate tumor cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts in the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma microenvironment. Nature Communications, 14, 4600.
Yang, D., Bierman, J., Tarumi, Y. S., Zhong, Y. P., Rangwala, R., Proctor, T. M., Miyagoe-Suzuki, Y., Takeda, S.'., Miner, J., Sherman, L., Gold, B., & Patton, B. L. (2005). Coordinate control of axon defasciculation and myelination by laminin-2 and -8. Journal of Cell Biology, 168, 655–666.
Yim, A. K. Y., Wang, P. L., Bermingham, J. R., Hackett, A., Strickland, A., Miller, T. M., Ly, C., Mitra, R., & Milbrandt, J. (2022). Disentangling glial diversity in peripheral nerves at single-nuclei resolution. Nature Neuroscience, 25, 238–251.
Yu, W. M., Yu, H., Chen, Z. L., & Strickland, S. (2009). Disruption of laminin in the peripheral nervous system impedes nonmyelinating Schwann cell development and impairs nociceptive sensory function. Glia, 57, 850–859.
Zenker, J., Stettner, M., Ruskamo, S., Domènech-Estévez, E., Baloui, H., Médard, J. J., Verheijen, M., Brouwers, J., Kursula, P., Kieseier, B., & Chrast, R. (2014). A role of peripheral myelin protein 2 in lipid homeostasis of myelinating Schwann cells. Glia, 62, 1502–1512.
Zhou, Y., Miles, J. R., Tavori, H., Lin, M., Khoshbouei, H., Borchelt, D. R., Bazick, H., Landreth, G., Lee, S., Fazio, S., & Notterpek, L. (2019). PMP22 regulates cholesterol trafficking and ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux. Journal of Neuroscience, 39, 5404–5418.
Zöller, I., Meixner, M., Hartmann, D., Büssow, H., Meyer, R., Gieselmann, V., & Eckhardt, M. (2008). Absence of 2-hydroxylated sphingolipids is compatible with normal neural development but causes late-onset axon and myelin sheath degeneration. Journal of Neuroscience, 28, 9741–9754.
Zorick, T. S., Syroid, D. E., Brown, A., Gridley, T., & Lemke, G. (1999). Krox-20 controls SCIP expression, cell cycle exit and susceptibility to apoptosis in developing myelinating Schwann cells. Development, 126, 1397–1406.