[en] The management of cattle ticks, particularly Rhipicephalus microplus, poses a global challenge in subtropical regions like Ecuador due to its impact on meat and milk productivity, leading to economic losses. Misuse of acaricides has resulted in resistance and multi-resistance, diminishing their effectiveness. This study evaluated resistance to amitraz, alpha-cypermethrin, and ivermectin using the Larval Packet test, laboratory-reared tick larvae collected from cattle were tested. Data on farm management and tick control practices were gathered via a questionnaire in Northwest Pichincha and Quijos River Valley over two years. Resistance rates in the first year (2020-2021) were 67.21% for amitraz, 57.38% for ivermectin, and 67.21% for alpha-cypermethrin. One year later (2021-2022), resistance levels were 59.57% for amitraz, 57.45% for ivermectin, and 68.09% for alpha-cypermethrin, with multi-resistance rates at 67.21% and 65.96% respectively. No significant differences were found between years or locations. Analysis of larval survival data determined lethal doses for tested acaricides. The study emphasizes the association between the lack of acaricide rotation, the incorrect dosage, and the absence of non-chemical measures in tick management could be associated with the development of resistances in ticks. Likewise, this study promotes the need for collaborative efforts to improve control practices and maintain acaricide efficacy.
Disciplines :
Veterinary medicine & animal health
Author, co-author :
Pérez-Otáñez, Ximena; Centre for Earth and Climate research, Université Catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain. ximena.perezotanez@student.uclouvain.be
Paucar-Quishpe, Valeria; Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis applied to Veterinary Science (UREAR-ULg), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH) Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege
Saegerman, Claude ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des maladies infectieuses et parasitaires (DMI) > Epidémiologie et analyse des risques appliqués aux sciences vétérinaires
Grijalva-Olmedo, Jorge; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador
Pérez-Escalante, Cecilia; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador
Jácome, Linette; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador
Rivera, Carlos; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador
Cepeda-Bastidas, Darío; Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Central del Ecuador
Arciniegas-Ortega, Susana; Facultad de Ingeniería en Geología, Minas, Petróleos y Ambiental, Universidad Central del Ecuador
Enríquez, Sandra; Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis-CIZ, Universidad Central del Ecuador
Ron-Garrido, Lenin; Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Central del Ecuador
Rodríguez-Hidalgo, Richar; Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis-CIZ, Universidad Central del Ecuador
Vanwambeke, Sophie O; Centre for Earth and Climate research, Université Catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain
Drivers and evolution of acaricide resistance and multi-resistance in two Ecuador's subtropical livestock farming areas.
Publication date :
24 July 2024
Journal title :
Veterinaria Italiana
ISSN :
0505-401X
eISSN :
1828-1427
Publisher :
Istituto Zooprofilattico dell'Abruzzo e del Molise, Italy
Volume :
60
Issue :
4
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Funding text :
This research was funded by L\u2019Acad\u00E9mie de Recherche et d\u2019Enseignement sup\u00E9rieur (ARES) code No.03E-2020. This study is part of the project \"Socio-eco-epidemiology of ticks, tick-borne parasites, acaricide resistance and residual effects of acaricides in tropical ecuadorian livestock: environmental, animal and public health impacts\". Thank you to ARES for funding this research, and to the Instituto de Investigaci\u00F3n en Zoonosis-CIZ where the laboratory work was conducted. We also extend our gratitude to the undergraduate students from the Veterinary Medicine School and Agronomy School who participated in the fieldwork and data collection. Additionally, we appreciate the cooperation of the farmers who allowed us to make frequent visits to their farms.
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