Enhanced electrical conductivity and stretchability of ionic-liquid PEDOT:PSS air-cathodes for aluminium-air batteries with long lifetime and high specific energy

Machrafi, Hatim; Iermano, F.; Temsamani, S.; Bobinac, I.; Iorio, C.S.

doi:10.1038/s41598-022-26546-8

Article (Scientific journals)

Enhanced electrical conductivity and stretchability of ionic-liquid PEDOT:PSS air-cathodes for aluminium-air batteries with long lifetime and high specific energy

Machrafi, Hatim; Iermano, F.; Temsamani, S. et al.

2022 • In Scientific Reports, 12 (1)

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Permalink
https://hdl.handle.net/2268/324728

DOI
10.1038/s41598-022-26546-8

PubMed
36543823

Files (1)Send to Details Statistics Bibliography Similar publications

Files

Full Text

Scientific Reports-2022-222107.pdf

Publisher postprint (4.9 MB)

Download

All documents in ORBi are protected by a user license.

Send to

RIS BibTex APA Chicago Permalink X Linkedin

Details

Abstract :

[en] A hydrogel film, poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT):polystyrenesulfonate (PSS), containing an ionic liquid, is used as an air–cathode for a metal-air battery and its performance is investigated. This work presents the development of the air–cathode and the characterization of its physical, chemical and mechanical properties. Moreover, in view of wearable batteries, these air-cathodes are implemented within a flexible aluminium-air battery. It contains an aluminium anode, an electrolyte made of cellulose paper imbibed with an aqueous sodium chloride solution and the PEDOT:PSS air–cathode. Characterisation tests showed that the ionic liquid did not change the air–cathode chemically, while the electric conductivity increased considerably. The anode has an acceptable purity and was found to be resistant against self-corrosion. Discharge tests showed operating voltages up to 0.65 V, whereas two batteries in series could deliver up to 1.3 V at a current density of 0.9 mA cm−2 for almost a day, sufficient for monitoring and medical devices. Several discharge tests with current densities from 0.25 up to 2.5 mA cm−2 have presented operating lifetimes from 10 h up until over a day. At a current density of 2.8 mA cm−2, the operating voltage and lifetime dropped considerably, explained by approaching the limiting current density of about 3 mA cm−2, as evidenced by linear sweep voltammetry. The batteries showed high specific energies up to about 3140 Wh kg−1. Mechanical tests revealed a sufficient stretchability of the air–cathode, even after battery discharge, implying an acceptable degree of wearability. Together with the reusability of the air–cathode, the battery is a promising route towards a low-cost viable way for wearable power supply for monitoring medical devices with long lifetimes and high specific energies. Optimization of the air–cathode could even lead to higher power applications. © 2022, The Author(s).

Disciplines :

Materials science & engineering

Author, co-author :

Machrafi, Hatim ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Thermodynamique des phénomènes irréversibles

Iermano, F.

Temsamani, S.

Bobinac, I.

Iorio, C.S.

Language :

English

Title :

Enhanced electrical conductivity and stretchability of ionic-liquid PEDOT:PSS air-cathodes for aluminium-air batteries with long lifetime and high specific energy

Publication date :

2022

Journal title :

Scientific Reports

eISSN :

2045-2322

Volume :

Issue :

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Additional URL :

https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85144549971&doi=10.1038%2fs41598-022-26546-8&partnerID=40&md5=e2b447ea513ef6242822799cd7d1b7ab

Available on ORBi :

since 29 November 2024

Statistics

Number of views

7 (0 by ULiège)

Number of downloads

0 (0 by ULiège)

More statistics

Scopus citations^®

Scopus citations^®
without self-citations

OpenCitations

OpenAlex citations

Bibliography

Rotella, P. J. et al. Economic analysis of the investments in battery energy storage systems: Review and current perspectives. Energies 14, 2503 (2021).
Gupta, S., Navaraj, W. T., Lorenzelli, L. & Dahiya, R. Ultra-thin chips for high-performance flexible electronics npj. Flex. Electron. 2, 8 (2018).
Machrafi, H. et al. Chemical stability and reversibility of PEDOT:PSS electrodes in view of low-cost biocompatible cellulose-assisted biosensors. Mater. Today Commun. 27, 102437 (2021).
Mori, R. Recent developments for aluminium-air batteries. Electrochem. Energy Rev. 3, 344–369 (2020).
Wang, C. et al. Recent progress of metal-air batteries—A mini review. Appl. Sci. 9, 1–22 (2019).
Fu, J. et al. Electrically rechargeable Zinc–air Batteries: Progress, challenges, perspectives. Adv. Mater. 29, 7 (2017).
Gu, P. et al. Rechargeable zinc-air batteries: A promising way to green energy. J. Mater. Chem. A 5(17), 7651–7666 (2017).
Cao, R., Lee, J. S., Liu, M. & Cho, J. Recent progress in non-precious catalysts for metal-air batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 2, 816–829 (2012).
Li, B. et al. Eggplant-derived microporous carbon sheets: Towards mass production of efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts at low cost for rechargeable Zn-air batteries. Chem. Commun. 51, 8841–8844 (2015).
Shirakawa, H., Louis, E. J., MacDiarmid, A. G., Chiang, C. K. & Heeger, A. J. Synthesis of electrically conducting organic polymers: Halogen derivatives of polyacetylene, (CH)x. J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 16, 578–580 (1977).
Fichou, D. & Horowitz, G. Molecular and polymer semiconductors, conductors, and superconductors: Overview. Encycl. Mater. Sci. Technol. 2001, 5748–5757 (2001).
Snook, G. A., Kao, P. & Best, A. S. Conducting-polymer-based supercapacitor devices and electrodes. J. Power Sources 196, 1–12 (2011).
Ramya, R., Sivasubramanian, R. & Sangaranarayanan, M. V. Conducting polymers-based electrochemical supercapacitors—Progress and prospects. Electrochim. Acta 101, 109–129 (2013).
Park, S. J., Son, Y. R., Heo, Y. J. (2018) Prospective synthesis approaches to emerging materials for supercapacitor In: Emerging Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 185–208.
Chiang, C. K. et al. Electrical conductivity in doped polyacetylene. Phys. Rev. Lett. 39(17), 1098–1101 (1977).
Chandrasekhar, P. Conducting Polymers, Fundamentals and Applications 1st edn. (Springer, Singapore, 1999).
Namsheer, K. & Chandra, S. R. Conducting polymers: A comprehensive review on recent advances in synthesis, properties and applications. RSC Adv. 11, 5659–5697 (2021).
Ravindrakumar, J. & Bavane, G. Synthesis and Characterization of Thin Films of Conducting Polymers for Gas Sensing Applications 1–22 (Inflibnet, Ghandhinagar, 2014).
Moss, B. K. & Burford, R. P. A kinetic study of polypyrrole degradation. Polymer 33, 1902–1908 (1992).
Tarver, J., Sezen-Edmonds, M., Yoo, J. E., Loo, Y. –L. (2011) Organic electronic devices with water-dispersible conducting polymers In Comprehensive Nanoscience and Technology. Acadamic Press, Cambridge, pp. 413–446.
Wolfart, F. et al. Conducting polymers revisited: Applications in energy, electrochromism and molecular recognition. J. Solid State Electrochem. 21(9), 2489–2515 (2017).
Wen, Y. & Xu, J. Scientific importance of water-processable PEDOT–PSS and preparation, challenge and new application in sensors of its film electrode: A review. J. Polym. Sci. Part A Polym. Chem. 55(7), 1121–1150 (2017).
Döbbelin, M. et al. Influence of ionic liquids on the electrical conductivity and morphology of PEDOT:PSS films. Chem. Mater. 19(9), 2147–2149 (2007).
Hassan, M. U. et al. Highly efficient PLEDs based on poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) and super yellow blend with Cs2CO3 modified cathode. Appl. Mat. Today 1(1), 45–51 (2015).
Hakansson, A. et al. Effect of (3-Glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (GOPS) on the electrical properties of PEDOT:PSS films. J. Polymer Sci. B Polymer Phys. 55, 814–820 (2017).
Groenendaal, L., Jonas, F., Freitag, D., Pielartzik, H. & Reynolds, J. R. Poly(3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene) and its derivatives: Past, present, and future. Adv. Mater. 12(7), 481–494 (2000).
Lövenich, W. PEDOT-properties and applications. Polym. Sci. Ser. C 56(1), 135–143 (2014).
Wang, Y. et al. A highly stretchable, transparent, and conductive polymer. Sci. Adv. 3(3), 1–11 (2017).
Palumbiny, C. M. et al. The crystallization of PEDOT:PSS polymeric electrodes probed in situ during printing. Adv. Mater. 27, 3391–3397 (2015).
Kee, S. et al. Controlling molecular ordering in aqueous conducting polymers using ionic liquids. Adv. Mater. 28, 8625 (2016).
Shi, H., Liu, C., Jiang, Q. & Xu, J. Effective approaches to improve the electrical conductivity of PEDOT:PSS: A review. Adv. Electron. Mater. 1(4), 1–16 (2015).
Lee, S. et al. PEDOT composite with ionic liquid and its application to deformable electrochemical transistors. Gels 8, 534 (2022).
Susanti, E. & Wulandari, P. Effect of localized surface plasmon resonance from incorporated gold nanoparticles in PEDOT:PSS hole transport layer for hybrid solar cell applications. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 1080, 012010 (2018).
Sordini, L. et al. PEDOT:PSS-coated polybenzimidazole electroconductive nanofibers for biomedical applications. Polymers 13(16), 2786 (2021).
Banjare, M. K., Banjare, R. K. & Ghosh, K. K. Molecular interaction on imidazolium based ionic liquids and serum albumin. Int. J. Adv. Chem. 8, 209–216 (2020).
Schädle, T., Pejcic, B. & Mizaikoff, B. Monitoring dissolved carbon dioxide and methane in brine environments at high pressure using IR-ATR spectroscopy. Anal. Meth. 8, 756–776 (2016).
Kim, B., Hwang, J. U. & Kim, E. Chloride transport in conductive polymer films for an n-type thermoelectric platform. Energy Environ. Sci. 13, 859–867 (2020).
Lorking, K. F. & Mayne, J. E. O. The corrosion of aluminium in solutions of sodium fluoride and sodium chloride. Br. Corros. J. 1(5), 181–182 (1966).
Tan, W. C. et al. Analysis of the polypropylene-based aluminium-air battery. Front. Energy Res. 9, 599846 (2021).
Gu, Y. et al. Improving discharge voltage of Al-air batteries by Ga3+ additives in NaCl-based electrolyte. Nanomaterials 12, 1336 (2022).
Pan, W., Wang, Y., Kwok, H. Y. H. & Leung, D. Y. C. A low-cost portable cotton-based aluminium-air battry with high specific energy. Energy Proc. 158, 179–185 (2019).
Olabi, A. G. et al. Metal-air batteries—Review. Energies 14, 7373 (2021).
Amar, A. B., Kouki, A. B. & Cao, H. Power approaches for implantable medical devices. Sensors 15, 28889–28914 (2015).
Jimbo, H. & Miki, N. Gastric-fluid-utilizing micro battery for micro medical devices. Sens. Actuators B 134, 219–224 (2008).
Fotouhi, G. et al. A low cost, disposable cable-shaped Al–air battery for portable biosensors. J. Micromech. Microeng. 26, 055011 (2016).
Marzocchi, M. et al. Physical and electrochemical properties of PEDOT:PSS as a tool for controlling cell growth. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7(32), 17993–18003 (2015).
Ahuja, D., Varshney, K. & Varshney, P. K. Metal air battery: A sustainable and low cost material for energy storage. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 1913, 012065 (2021).
Solidworks®, version 27.2.0.0051, https://www.solidworks.com.
Xhanari, K. & Finsgar, M. Organic corrosion inhibitors for aluminum and its alloys in chloride and alkaline solutions: A review. Arab. J. Chem. 12, 4646–4663 (2019).
Schroder, D. K. Semiconductor Material and Device Characterization 3rd edn. (John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, 2006).
Leach, R. Surface Topography Measurement Instrumentation 2nd edn. (Elsevier, Hoboken, 2014).
Stokes, D. J. Principles and Practice of Variable Pressure/environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (VP-ESEM) 1st edn. (John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, 2008).
Geiss, R. H. EDS: Energy-dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy. In Encyclopedia of Materials Characterization (eds Brundle, C. R. & Evans, C. A.) 120–134 (BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN, Oxford, 1992).