Credibility Thesis; CSI Checklist; Formal Actual Targeted (FAT) Framework; Land titling and formalization; Tenure security and conflict; Forestry; Geography, Planning and Development; Nature and Landscape Conservation; Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Abstract :
[en] Social inequality resulting from war, exploitation, and land property is very evident in Ethiopia, which has a significant influence on the economic, social, and political situation of various groups of people. As a result, the primary objective of this study was to assess the significance of the Credibility Thesis in resolving land conflicts via the Formal, Actual, and Targeted (FAT) Institutional Framework. Moreover, this study was conducted to identify the key features and the role of credibility analysis in mitigating land conflicts by employing the Credibility Scales and Intervention (CSI) Checklist. To achieve this goal, a comprehensive literature review including land tenure studies from 1979 to 2020 was conducted. This review used original databases to ensure a comprehensive and extensive exploration of relevant scientific works. The results showed that the land problem in Ethiopia is not only related to the dynamics of social change and inequality at different global, regional, national, and transnational levels, but also provides access to land resources, the foundations of authority, livelihood, property, and citizenship. Furthermore, the lack of land security for non-indigenous minorities contributes to substantial ambiguity for land rights. Therefore, measures to increase land security and transfer land tenure can have an important influence on productivity and should be prioritized by policymakers. These measures may include elements from active land certification initiatives, but they should also specify the legal credit of certifications issued in the system and how to execute them.
Disciplines :
Agriculture & agronomy
Author, co-author :
Azadi, Hossein ; Université de Liège - ULiège > TERRA Research Centre > Modélisation et développement
Ehteshammajd, Shaghayegh; Zhejiang University, School of Public Affairs, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, China
Goli, Imaneh ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Modélisation et développement ; Department of Economic, Agricultural Extension and Education, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Siamian, Narges; Department of Economics and Rural Development, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium ; Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Movahhed Moghadam, Saghi; Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Ho, Peter; Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic ; University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Nottingham, United Kingdom
Janečková, Kristina; Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Sklenička, Petr; Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Language :
English
Title :
Advocacy and credibility of land tenure in Ethiopia: Mitigating conflicts and threats
This study was supported the Internal Grant Agency of the Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (project No.2022B0008 and 2024B0008).
Afrizal, Berenschot, W., Land-use change conflicts and anti-corporate activism in indonesia: a review essay. J. East Asian Stud. 22 (2022), 333–356, 10.1017/jea.2022.12.
Agegnehu, A.W., Protection of local land use rights in the process of large-scale agricultural land acquisition in Ethiopia. Afr. Ident. 21 (2023), 113–133, 10.1080/14725843.2020.1851652.
Agegnehu, S.K., Mansberger, R., Community involvement and compensation money utilization in Ethiopia: case studies from Bahir Dar and Debre Markos Peri-Urban Areas. Sustain, 12, 2020, 4794, 10.3390/su12114794.
Ajefu, J.B., Abiona, O., The mitigating impact of land tenure security on drought-induced food insecurity: evidence from rural Malawi. J. Dev. Stud. 56 (2020), 2169–2193, 10.1080/00220388.2020.1762862.
Arvanitidis, P.A., Urban open spaces as a commons: exploring the credibility thesis in the selfgoverned Navarinou park of Athens, Greece. Cities, 97, 2020, 10.1016/j.cities.2019.102480.
Ayano, M., Rural land registration in Ethiopia: myths and realities. Law Soc. Rev., 52, 2018, 10.1111/lasr.12369.
Azadi, H., Monitoring land governance: understanding roots and shoots. Land Use Policy, 94, 2020, 104530, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104530.
Azeez, I., Onyema, M.-A., Conflicts of land tenure and tree tenure on land use and management among agro-based households in Nigeria. Adv. Agric. Res. 1 (2013), 53–61.
Zhao, H., Local perceptions of grassland degradation in China: endogenous knowledge and institutional credibility. J. Peasant Stud. 43 (2016), 1206–1223, 10.1080/03066150.2016.1192609.
Zhou, Z., Yau., Y., Revisiting institutional credibility of informal rental housing in Shenzhen: For dwelling function or exclusion function?. J. Urban Manag., 2023, 10.1016/j.jum.2022.12.002.
Barrett, J., Van Wessel, M., Hilhorst, T., 2016. Adv. for Dev. Effectiveness, Monitor and Evaluat.
Benjamin, E.O., Ola, O., Sauer, J., Buchenrieder, G., Interaction between agroforestry and women's land tenure security in sub-Saharan Africa: a matrilocal perspective. For. Policy Econ., 133, 2021, 102617, 10.1016/j.forpol.2021.102617.
Bottazzi, P., Goguen, A., Rist, S., Conflicts of customary land tenure in rural Africa: is large-scale land acquisition a driver of ‘institutional innovation’?. J. Peasant Stud. 43 (2016), 1–18, 10.1080/03066150.2015.1119119.
Chala, T., Analysis of politics in the land tenure system: experience of successive Ethiopian regimes since 1930. AJPSIR 10 (2016), 111–118, 10.5897/AJPSIR2016.0919.
Chen, H., Institutional credibility and informal institutions: the case of extralegal land development in China. Cities, 97, 2020, 102519, 10.1016/j.cities.2019.102519.
Chigbu, U., 2019. Concept and Approach to Land Management Interventions for Rural Development in Africa. pp. 1–14. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5939-9.ch001.
Chen, H., Linking institutional function with form: Distributional dynamics, disequilibrium, and rural land shareholding in China. Land Use Pol., 120, 2022, 106283, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106283.
Chigbu, U., Alemayehu, Z., Dachaga, W., Uncovering land tenure insecurities: tips for tenure responsive land-use planning in Ethiopia. Dev. Pract. 29 (2019), 371–383, 10.1080/09614524.2019.1567688.
Chigbu, U.E., Paradza, G., Dachaga, W., Differentiations in women's land tenure experiences: implications for women's land access and tenure security in Sub-Saharan Africa. Land, 8, 2019, 22, 10.3390/land8020022.
Chimhowu, A., The ‘new’ African customary land tenure. Characteristic, features and policy implications of a new paradigm. Land Use Policy 81 (2019), 897–903, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.04.014.
Chitengi, H., Providing access to land for low-income groups in sub-Saharan African cities: using a partnership model and good governance principles to improve customary land allocation in Lusaka, Zambia. Int. J. Urban Sustain. Dev. 12 (2020), 1–17, 10.1080/19463138.2020.1728763.
Cousins, B., Land reform, accumulation and social reproduction: The South African experience in global and historical perspective. Inkanyiso J. Human. Soc. Sci. 11 (2019), 1–12.
Cox, FAO, Land tenure and rural development, 56, 2002, FAO, Publisher p. ISBN: 9251048460.
Crewett, W., Bogale, A., Korf, B., 2008. Land Tenure Ethiop, WWW Doc., 10.2499/CAPRiWP91.
Crewett, W., Korf, B., Ethiopia: Reforming land tenure. Rev. Afr. Polit. Econ. 35:116 (2008), 203–220.
Davies, R., Kosec, K., Nkonya, E., Song, J., Global Land Reform Experiences: a Review for South Africa. South. Afr. –Towards Incl. Econ. Dev. (SA-TIED) Work. Pap., 98, 2020.
Deininger, K., Ali, D.A., Holden, S., Zevenbergen, J., Rural Land Certification in Ethiopia: Process, Initial Impact, and Implications for Other African Countries. World Dev., Spec. Sect. (pp. 2045-2102). Volatility Overseas Aid 36 (2008), 1786–1812, 10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.09.012.
Dhanjal, G., 2020. Unit-5 Meaning and Concept of Conflict. Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi.
Djekonbe, D., Gautier, T., Land conflicts and land tenure effects on agriculture productivity in Chad. South Asian J. Soc. Stud. Econ., 2020, 1–8, 10.9734/sajsse/2020/v6i330166.
Donkor, E., Frimpong, F.K., Owusu, V., Land tenure and investment in productive inputs in Ghanaian cocoa farming: a generalised structural equation modelling approach. Land Use Policy, 132, 2023.
Ege, S., Land tenure insecurity in post-certification Amhara, Ethiopia. Land Use Policy 64 (2017), 56–63, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.02.015.
Falco, S.D., Laurent-Lucchetti, J., Veronesi, M., Kohlin, G., Property rights, land disputes and water scarcity: empirical evidence from Ethiopia. Am. J. Agric. Econ. 102 (2020), 54–71.
Fan, S., Luo, X., Han, P., Conflict Resolution between Multi-Level Government and Farmers in Land Expropriation Based on Institutional Credibility Theory: Empirical Evidence from Shandong Province, China. Land, 12, 2023, 844, 10.3390/land12040844.
Fan, S., Yang, J., Liu, W., Institutional Credibility Measurement Based on Structure of Transaction Costs: A Case Study of Ongniud Banner in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Ecol. Econ. 159 (2019), 212–225, 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.01.019.
Fold, N., Allotey, A.N., Kalvig, P., Moeller-Jensen, L., Grounding institutions through informal practice: Credibility in artisanal mining of aggregates, Ghana. Land Use Pol. 79 (2018), 922–931, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.06.022.
Ganta, B.G., Federalism and land rights in the context of post-1991 Ethiopia. J. Dev. Soc. 38 (2022), 398–420.
Gebeyehu, T., Land Tenure, Land Reform and the Qalad System in Ethiopia, 1941–1974. J. Asian Afr. Stud. 46 (2011), 567–577, 10.1177/0021909611401713.
Ghorbani, A., Ho, P., Bravo, G., Institutional form versus function in a common property context: The credibility thesis tested through an agent-based model. Land Use Pol., 102, 2021, 105237, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.105237.
Gomes, S.L., Hermans, L.M., Institutional function and urbanization in Bangladesh: How peri-urban communities respond to changing environments. Land Use Pol. 79 (2018), 932–941, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.09.041.
Ho, P., The ‘credibility thesis’ and its application to property rights: (In)Secure land tenure, conflict and social welfare in China. Land Use Pol. 40 (2014), 13–27, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.09.019.
Ho, P., Unmaking China's Development: Function and Credibility of Institutions, 2017, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Ho, P., Institutional function versus form: The evolutionary credibility of land, housing and natural resources. Land Use Pol. 75 (2018), 642–650, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.02.001.
Isaacs, D.S., Tehee, M., Green, J., Straits, K.J.E., Ellington, T., When psychologists take a stand: Barriers to trauma response services and advocacy for American Indian communities. J. Trauma Dissociat. 21 (2020), 468–483, 10.1080/15299732.2020.1770148.
Kalabamu, F.T., Land tenure reforms and persistence of land conflicts in Sub-Saharan Africa – The case of Botswana. Land Use Policy 81 (2019), 337–345.
Kasimbazi, E., 2017. for Improved Land Management and Sustainable Development. Global Land Outlook Working Paper. September 2017. Available on: https://knowledge.unccd.int/sites/default/files/2018-06/5.%20land%2Btenure%2Band%2Brig hts__e_kasimbazi.pdf.
Kasimbazi, E., 2020. Legal and Regulatory Framework for the Agriculture Sector in Uganda. pp. 55–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36004-7_4.
Katusiime, J., Schütt, B., Linking Land Tenure and Integrated Watershed Management—A Review. Sustain, 12, 2020, 1667, 10.3390/su12041667.
Kiggundu, J., 2002. Why Land Tenure Matters for IDPs: Lessons from Sub-Saharan Africa | Brookings [WWW Document]. URL https://www.brookings.edu/articles/why-land-tenure-matters-for-idps-lessons-from-sub-saharan-africa/ (accessed 2.12.24).
Kim, C.M., Brown, W.J., Conceptualizing credibility in social media spaces of public relations. Public Relat. J. 9:4 (2015), 1–17.
Koroso, N.H., Zevenbergen, J.A., Land institutions’ credibility: Analyzing the role of complementary institutions. Land Use Pol. 81 (2019), 553–564.
Krul, K., Ho, P., Beyond ‘empty’ forms of formalization: The credibility of a renewed attempt at forest titling in Southwest China. Geoforum 110 (2020), 46–57, 10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.01.015.
Lavers, T., Responding to land-based conflict in Ethiopia: The land rights of ethnic minorities under federalism. Afr. Aff. 117 (2018), 462–484, 10.1093/afraf/ady010.
Lawry, S., 2023. Land Tenure Reform in Sub-Saharan Africa; Interventions in Benin, Ethiopia, Rwanda, and Zimbabwe. ISBN 9781032430843, 126 Pages 4 B/W Illustrations. Published May 1, 2023 by Routledge.
Liu, S., Zhang, Y., Cities without slums? China's land regime and dual-track urbanization. Cities, 101, 2020, 102652, 10.1016/j.cities.2020.102652.
Mahadew, R., 2020. Land grabbing in Ethiopia and Madagascar: Balancing respect for human rights of victims with development needs through land investments.
Maiangwa, B., Conflicting Indigeneity” and Farmer–Herder Conflicts in Postcolonial Africa. Peace Rev. 29 (2017), 282–288, 10.1080/10402659.2017.1344527.
Manara, M., From policy to institution: Implementing land reform in Dar es Salaam's unplanned settlements. Environment and Planning A. Eco. Space 54:7 (2022), 1368–1390, 10.1177/0308518X221107380.
Melesse, T.M., Awel, Y.M., Land Tenure, Gender, and Productivity in Ethiopia and Tanzania. Gend., Dev. Soc. Change, 2020, 89–108.
Mollinga, P., Secure rights and non-credibility: the paradoxical dynamics of canal irrigation in India. J. Peasant Stud. 43:6 (2016), 1310–1331, 10.1080/03066150.2016.1215304.
Moreda, T., Contesting conventional wisdom on the links between land tenure security and land degradation: Evidence from Ethiopia. Land Use Policy 77 (2018), 75–83, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.04.058.
Muchomba, F.M., Women's Land Tenure Security and Household Human Capital: Evidence from Ethiopia's Land Certification. World Dev. 98 (2017), 310–324, 10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.04.034.
Munshifwa, E.K., Institutional analysis and informal urban settlements: A proposition for a new institutionalist grounded property rights perspective. Land Use Policy, 134, 2023, 106906, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2023.106906.
Nagar, M.F., The Quest for Democratic Developmental States in Africa: A Study of Ethiopia. 2019, Mauritius and Rwanda.
Obayelu, A., 2020. Political Economy of Land Policy Reform and Governance in Nigeria. pp. 213–230. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4817-2.ch014.
Persha, L., Greif, A., Huntington, H., 2017. Assessing the Impact of Second-Level Land Certification in Ethiopia.
Nor-Hisham, M.B.S., A conditional trinity as ‘no-go’ against non-credible development? Resettlement, customary rights and Malaysia's Kelau Dam. J. Peasant Stud. 43:6 (2016), 1177–1205.
Pils, E., Assessing evictions and expropriations in China: Efficiency, credibility and rights. Land Use Policy 58 (2016), 437–444, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.07.015.
Rivas, C., Ramsay, J., Sadowski, L., Davidson, L.L., Dunne, D., Eldridge, S., Hegarty, K., Taft, A., Feder, G., Advocacy interventions to reduce or eliminate violence and promote the physical and psychosocial well-being of women who experience intimate partner abuse. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., 2015, 2015, CD005043, 10.1002/14651858.CD005043.pub3.
Slavchevska, V., Doss, C.R., De La O Campos, A.P., Brunelli, C., Beyond ownership: women's and men's land rights in Sub-Saharan Africa. Oxf. Dev. Stud. 49 (2021), 2–22, 10.1080/13600818.2020.1818714.
Soyer, M., Murphy, M., Ziyanak, S., Gummersall, C., Old Town Dentonites”: Community members’ competing constructions of hydraulic fracturing and land use in Denton, Texas. Extr. Indust. Soc. 6 (2019), 1333–1339, 10.1016/j.exis.2019.10.006.
Suchá, L., Schlossarek, M., Dušková, L., Malan, N., Šarapatka, B., Land tenure security and its implications for investments to urban agriculture in Soweto, South Africa. Land Use Policy, 97, 2020, 104739, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104739.
Sun, L., Ho, P., A model for inclusive, pro-poor urbanization? The credibility of informal, affordable “single-family” homes in China. Cities, 97, 2020, 102465, 10.1016/j.cities.2019.102465.
Teklemariam, A.T., Cochrane, L., The Rush to the Peripheries: Land Rights and Tenure Security in Peri-Urban Ethiopia. Land 10 (2021), 1–20.
Tesfaye, B., Lengoiboni, M., Zevenbergen, J., Simane, B., Rethinking the impact of land certification on tenure security, land disputes, land management, and agricultural production: insights from South Wello, Ethiopia. Land, 12, 2023, 1713, 10.3390/land12091713.
Tzfadia, E., Meir, A., Gray local governance and Israeli Indigenous Bedouin: Credibility, functionality and the politics of refusal. Cities, 97, 2020, 10.1016/j.cities.2019.102484.
Wang, W., Lessons of government centralization and credibility: A qualitative case-study of administrative change in Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve, China (1982–2018). Land Use Pol., 113, 2022, 105907, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105907.
Wayessa, G.O., Impacts of land leases in Oromia, Ethiopia: changes in access to livelihood resources for local people. Land Use Policy, 97, 2020, 104713, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104713.
Wu, J., Song, Y., Lin, J., Tackling the uncertainty of spatial regulations in China: An institutional analysis of the “multi-plan combination‘. Habitat Int. 78 (2018), 1–12.
Zeković, S., Petovar, K., Nor-Hisham, B.M.S., The credibility of illegal and informal construction: assessing legalization policies in Serbia. Cities, 97, 2020, 102548, 10.1016/j.cities.2019.102548.
Zerga, B., Land resource, uses, and ownership in Ethiopia: past, present and future. Int. J. Sci. Res. Eng. Trends 2:1 (2016), 17–24.
Celhay, P., Gil McCawley, D., The Function and Credibility of Urban Slums: Unexpected Evidence on Informal Settlements and Affordable Housing in Chile. Cities, 97, 2020, 10.1016/j.cities.202.
Easthope, H., van den Nouwelant, R., Thompson, S., Apartment ownership around the world: Focusing on credible outcomes rather than ideal systems. Cities, 97, 2020, 102463, 10.1016/j.cities.2019.102463.
Fan, S., He, M., Zhang, T., Huo, Y., Fan, D., Credibility measurement as a tool for conserving nature: Chinese herders’ livelihood capitals and payment for grassland ecosystem services. Land Use Pol., 115, 2022, 106032, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106032.
Griswold, D., With efficacy of property rights, function can be more important than form. Yale Environ. Rev., 2015, 1–3.
Ho, P., An endogenous theory of property rights: opening the black box of institutions. J. Peasant Stud. 43:6 (2016), 1121–1144, 10.1080/03066150.2016.1253560.
Oranje, M., van Huyssteen, E., Maritz, J., Rapid urbanisation to non-metropolitan urban South Africa: A call for Accrediting credible ‘informal’ life-enhancing responses and institutions. Cities, 96, 2020, 102487, 10.1016/j.cities.2019.102487.
Ostrom, E., Hess, C., in Bouckaert, B., De Geest, G., (eds.) Private and common property rights Encyclopedia of Law and Economics, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 5, 2007, Property Law and Economics, 10.4337/9781849806510.00008 Chapter 4.
Pérez-Moreno, O., 2024. Urban inequality and the social function of land value capture: The credibility thesis, financing instruments and planning in a Latin American context. Land Use Policy, forthcoming.
Sun, L., Ho, P., Formalizing informal homes, a bad idea: The credibility thesis applied to China's extra-legal housing. Land Use Pol. 79:12 (2018), 891–901, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.10.024.
Zhang, Y., The credibility of slums: Informal housing and urban governance in India. Land Use Pol. 79:12 (2018), 876–890.
