COP15; Convention on Biological Diversity; Red List; biodiversity indicators; effective population size; populations maintained; Animals; Biodiversity; Genetic Variation; Conservation of Natural Resources; Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract :
[en] Under the recently adopted Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, 196 Parties committed to reporting the status of genetic diversity for all species. To facilitate reporting, three genetic diversity indicators were developed, two of which focus on processes contributing to genetic diversity conservation: maintaining genetically distinct populations and ensuring populations are large enough to maintain genetic diversity. The major advantage of these indicators is that they can be estimated with or without DNA-based data. However, demonstrating their feasibility requires addressing the methodological challenges of using data gathered from diverse sources, across diverse taxonomic groups, and for countries of varying socio-economic status and biodiversity levels. Here, we assess the genetic indicators for 919 taxa, representing 5271 populations across nine countries, including megadiverse countries and developing economies. Eighty-three percent of the taxa assessed had data available to calculate at least one indicator. Our results show that although the majority of species maintain most populations, 58% of species have populations too small to maintain genetic diversity. Moreover, genetic indicator values suggest that IUCN Red List status and other initiatives fail to assess genetic status, highlighting the critical importance of genetic indicators.
Disciplines :
Genetics & genetic processes
Author, co-author :
Mastretta-Yanes, Alicia ✱; Consejo Nacional de Humanidades Ciencias y Tecnología (CONAHCYT), Ciudad de México, Mexico ; Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO), Ciudad de México, Mexico ; Wildlife Ecology and Management, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
da Silva, Jessica M ✱; South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Cape Town, South Africa ; Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
Grueber, Catherine E ; Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Castillo-Reina, Luis ; Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Köppä, Viktoria; Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Forester, Brenna R ; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
Funk, W Chris ; Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA ; Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
Heuertz, Myriam ; BIOGECO, INRAE, University of Bordeaux, Cestas, France
Ishihama, Fumiko ; National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
Jordan, Rebecca ; CSIRO Environment, Sandy Bay, Tasmania, Australia
Mergeay, Joachim ; Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ; Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Geraardsbergen, Belgium
Paz-Vinas, Ivan ; Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA ; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LEHNA UMR 5023, CNRS, ENTPE, Villeurbanne, France
Rincon-Parra, Victor Julio ; Alexander von Humboldt Biological Resources Research Institute, Bogotá, Colombia
Rodriguez-Morales, Maria Alejandra ; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Javeriana University, Bogotá, Colombia
Brahy, Gaëlle ; BIOGECO, INRAE, University of Bordeaux, Cestas, France
DeSaix, Matt; Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
Durkee, Lily ; Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA ; Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
Hamilton, Ashley; Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA ; Center for Tree Science, The Morton Arboretum, Illinois, USA
Hunter, Margaret E ; U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
Koontz, Austin ; Center for Tree Science, The Morton Arboretum, Illinois, USA
Lang, Iris ; Conservatoire d'espaces Naturels d'Occitanie, Montpellier, France
Latorre-Cárdenas, María Camila ; Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
Latty, Tanya ; Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Llanes-Quevedo, Alexander ; Museo de Zoología "Alfonso L. Herrera", Departamento Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
MacDonald, Anna J ; Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
Mahoney, Meg; Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA ; Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
Miller, Caitlin; Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA ; Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
Ornelas, Juan Francisco ; Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, A.C. (INECOL), Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
Ramírez-Barahona, Santiago ; Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
Robertson, Erica ; Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA ; Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
Russo, Isa-Rita M ; School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
Santiago, Metztli Arcila; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
Shaw, Robyn E ; Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
Shea, Glenn M ; Sydney School of Veterinary Science, B01, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia ; Australian Museum Research Institute, The Australian Museum, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Sjögren-Gulve, Per ; Nordic Chapter of the Society for Conservation Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
Spence, Emma Suzuki ; Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
Stack, Taylor; Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
Suárez, Sofía ; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico ; Laboratorio de Genética de la Conservación, Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
Takenaka, Akio; National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
Thurfjell, Henrik ; Swedish Species Information Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala, Sweden
Turbek, Sheela ; Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
van der Merwe, Marlien ; Research Centre for Ecosystem Resilience, Botanic Gardens of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Visser, Fleur ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la vie > Laboratoire de génétique de la conservation ; Zoology & Entomology Department, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
Wegier, Ana ; Laboratorio de Genética de la Conservación, Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
Wood, Georgina ; UWA Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia ; School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
Zarza, Eugenia ; Consejo Nacional de Humanidades Ciencias y Tecnología (CONAHCYT), Ciudad de México, Mexico ; Departamento de Ciencias de la Sustentabilidad, El Colegio De La Frontera Sur, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
Laikre, Linda ✱; Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Hoban, Sean ✱; Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA ; Center for Tree Science, The Morton Arboretum, Illinois, USA
ANR - Agence Nationale de la Recherche Forskningsrådet Formas CONACYT - Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología Sverige Vetenskapsrådet
Funding text :
We dedicate this paper to Michael W. Bruford's invaluable contributions to biodiversity conservation. IP-V. was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Powell Center for Synthesis and Analysis. CEG was supported by a University of Sydney Robinson Fellowship. LL, VK and HT were supported by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, LL and VK were also supported by Swedish Research Council's VR and Formas grants (2019-05502 and FR-2020/0008) to LL. JFO was supported by grants (61710, 155686, A1-S-26134) from the Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnolog\u00EDas (CONAHCyT). MH was supported by a grant from Investissement d'Avenir grants of the ANR (CEBA:ANR-10-LABX-25-01). We are extremely thankful to the following colleagues, students and local experts who helped conduct the assessments or provided information: Adolfo Gerardo Navarro Siguenza, Alejandra Barrios Flores, Alex Baranowski, Amy Fordham, Ana Isabel Hern\u00E1ndez Carreta, Ana Rebeca Flores Ramos, Anders Angerbj\u00F6rn, Andrew Turner, Ang\u00E9lica Elizabeth Mart\u00EDnez Bauer, Annamaria Savarino-Drago, Anri van Wyk, Arno Thomaes, Arrie Klopper, Bettina Ekdahl, Brandon Weigand, Carl-Gustav Thulin, Deon de Jager, Diana Rivera-Rodr\u00EDguez, Dirk Maes, Ehsan Khedive, Emmanuel Texon S\u00E1nchez, Ernst Baard, Favian Flores Medina, Geert De Knijf, Guillermo Ibarra N\u00FA\u00F1ez, Heather Wood, Ian Little, Ian Rushworth, Jacob H\u00F6glund, Jeroen Speybroeck, Johan Abenius, Johan Ekl\u00F6f, Johanna Kammonen, Jos\u00E9 Carlos Moreno Ju\u00E1rez, Jos\u00E9 de Jes\u00FAs S\u00E1nchez, Karin Nor\u00E9n, Keiichi Fukaya, Krystal Tolley, Marika Stenberg, Masivuye Bulube, Megan Pierson, Melissa Rios, Naoki Tani, Orlando Jael Espinosa Ch\u00E1vez, Paulette Bloomer, Per Nystr\u00F6m, Rob Tolcher, Robert Ekblom, Rossana Amaro, Rowan Masterson, Roxana Abigail Flores Romero, Sam Provoost, Samantha Mynhardt, Sandi Willlows-Munro, Sebastian Sundberg, Socorro Gonz\u00E1lez Elizondo, Sof\u00EDa Villarreal Ponce, Stefan Palm, Nils Ryman, Vania Jim\u00E9nez Lobato, Victor Leohr and Grupo de Monitoreo Biol\u00F3gico Milpa Alta. We are thankful to Francisca Acevedo and Irene Ramos, whose contributions to SiAgroBD-CONABIO inspired the participatory approach of this work. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.We dedicate this paper to Michael W. Bruford's invaluable contributions to biodiversity conservation. IP\u2010V. was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Powell Center for Synthesis and Analysis. CEG was supported by a University of Sydney Robinson Fellowship. LL, VK and HT were supported by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, LL and VK were also supported by Swedish Research Council's VR and Formas grants (2019\u201005502 and FR\u20102020/0008) to LL. JFO was supported by grants (61710, 155686, A1\u2010S\u201026134) from the Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnolog\u00EDas (CONAHCyT). MH was supported by a grant from Investissement d'Avenir grants of the ANR (CEBA:ANR\u201010\u2010LABX\u201025\u201001). We are extremely thankful to the following colleagues, students and local experts who helped conduct the assessments or provided information: Adolfo Gerardo Navarro Siguenza, Alejandra Barrios Flores, Alex Baranowski, Amy Fordham, Ana Isabel Hern\u00E1ndez Carreta, Ana Rebeca Flores Ramos, Anders Angerbj\u00F6rn, Andrew Turner, Ang\u00E9lica Elizabeth Mart\u00EDnez Bauer, Annamaria Savarino\u2010Drago, Anri van Wyk, Arno Thomaes, Arrie Klopper, Bettina Ekdahl, Brandon Weigand, Carl\u2010Gustav Thulin, Deon de Jager, Diana Rivera\u2010Rodr\u00EDguez, Dirk Maes, Ehsan Khedive, Emmanuel Texon S\u00E1nchez, Ernst Baard, Favian Flores Medina, Geert De Knijf, Guillermo Ibarra N\u00FA\u00F1ez, Heather Wood, Ian Little, Ian Rushworth, Jacob H\u00F6glund, Jeroen Speybroeck, Johan Abenius, Johan Ekl\u00F6f, Johanna Kammonen, Jos\u00E9 Carlos Moreno Ju\u00E1rez, Jos\u00E9 de Jes\u00FAs S\u00E1nchez, Karin Nor\u00E9n, Keiichi Fukaya, Krystal Tolley, Marika Stenberg, Masivuye Bulube, Megan Pierson, Melissa Rios, Naoki Tani, Orlando Jael Espinosa Ch\u00E1vez, Paulette Bloomer, Per Nystr\u00F6m, Rob Tolcher, Robert Ekblom, Rossana Amaro, Rowan Masterson, Roxana Abigail Flores Romero, Sam Provoost, Samantha Mynhardt, Sandi Willlows\u2010Munro, Sebastian Sundberg, Socorro Gonz\u00E1lez Elizondo, Sof\u00EDa Villarreal Ponce, Stefan Palm, Nils Ryman, Vania Jim\u00E9nez Lobato, Victor Leohr and Grupo de Monitoreo Biol\u00F3gico Milpa Alta. We are thankful to Francisca Acevedo and Irene Ramos, whose contributions to SiAgroBD\u2010CONABIO inspired the participatory approach of this work. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
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