[en] Micrometeorological measurements of night time ecosystem respiration can be systematically biased when stable atmospheric conditions lead to drainage flows associated with decoupling of air flow above and within plant canopies. The associated horizontal and vertical advective fluxes cannot be measured using instrumentation on the single towers typically used at micrometeorological sites. A common approach to minimize bias is to use a threshold in friction velocity, u*, to exclude periods when advection is assumed to be important, but this is problematic in situations when in-canopy flows are decoupled from the flow above. Using data from 25 flux stations in a wide variety of forest ecosystems globally, we examine the generality of a novel approach to estimating nocturnal respiration developed by van Gorsel et al. (van Gorsel, E., Leuning, R., Cleugh, H.A., Keith, H., Suni, T., 2007. Nocturnal carbon efflux: reconciliation of eddy covariance and chamber measurements using an alternative to the u*-threshold filtering technique. Tellus 59B, 397-403, Tellus, 59B, 307-403). The approach is based on the assumption that advection is small relative to the vertical turbulent flux (F-C) and change in storage (F-S) of CO2 in the few hours after sundown. The sum of F-C and F-S reach a maximum during this period which is used to derive a temperature response function for ecosystem respiration. Measured hourly soil temperatures are then used with this function to estimate respiration R-Rmax. The new approach yielded excellent agreement with (1) independent measurements using respiration chambers, (2) with estimates using ecosystem light-response curves of F-c + F-s extrapolated to zero light, R-LRC, and (3) with a detailed process-based forest ecosystem model, R-cast. At most sites respiration rates estimated using the u*-filter, R-ust, were smaller than R-Rmax, and R-LRC. Agreement of our approach with independent measurements indicates that R-Rmax, provides an excellent estimate of nighttime ecosystem respiration. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
scite shows how a scientific paper has been cited by providing the context of the citation, a classification describing whether it supports, mentions, or contrasts the cited claim, and a label indicating in which section the citation was made.
Bibliography
Anthoni P.M., Unsworth M.H., Law B.E., Irvine J., Baldocchi D.D., van Tuyl St., and Moore D. Seasonal differences in carbon and water vapor exchange in young and old-growth ponderosa pine ecosystems Agric. For. Meteorol. 111 (2002) 203-222
Aubinet M., Grelle A., Ibrom A., Rannik U., Moncrieff J., Foken T., Kowalski A.S., Martin P.H., Berbigier P., Bernhofer Ch., Clement R., Elbers J., Granier A., Grünwald T., Morgenstern K., Pilegaard K., Rebmann C., Snijders W., Valentini R., and Vesala T. Estimates of the annual net carbon and water exchange of forests: the EUROFLUX methodology. Adv. Ecol. Res. 30 (2000) 113-175
Aubinet M., Chermanne B., Vandenhaute M., Longdoz B., Yernaux M., and Laitat E. Long term carbon dioxide exchange above a mixed forest in the Belgian Ardennes. Agric. For. Meteorol. (2001) 293-315
Aubinet M., Berbigier P., Bernhofer Ch., Cescatti A., Feigenwinter C., Granier A., Grünwald T., Havrankova K., Heinesch B., Longdoz B., Marcolla B., Montagnani L., and Sedlak P. Comparing CO2 storage and advection conditions at night at different carboeuroflux sites. Bound. -Lay. Meteorol. 116 1 (2005) 63-94
Aubinet M. Eddy covariance CO2 flux measurements in nocturnal conditions: and analysis of the problem. Ecol. App. 18 1 (2008) 1368-1378
Baldocchi D., Falge E., Gu L.H., Olson R., Hollinger D., Running S., Anthoni P., Bernhofer C., Davis K., Evans R., Fuentes J., Goldstein A., Katul G., Law B., Lee X.H., Malhi Y., Meyers T., Munger W., Oechel W., Paw U.K.T., Pilegaard K., Schmid H.P., Valentini R., Verma S., Vesala T., Wilson K., and Wofsy S. FLUXNET: A new tool to study the temporal and spatial variability of ecosystem-scale carbon dioxide, water vapor, and energy flux densities. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 82 (2001) 2415-2434
Belcher S.E., Finnigan J.J., and Harman I.N. Flows through forest canopies in complex terrain. Ecol. App. 18 (2008) 1436-1453
Bonal D., Bosc A., Goret J.Y., Burban B., Gross P., Bonnefond J.M., Elbers J., Ponton S., Epron D., Guehl J.M., and Granier A. The impact of severe dry season on net ecosystem exchange in the Neotropical rainforest of French Guiana. Global Change Biol. 14 (2008) 1917-1933
Brooks A., and Farquhar G.D. Effects of temperature on the CO2/O2 specificity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/ oxygenase and the rate of respiration in the light. Planta 165 (1985) 397-406
Canadell P., and Raupach M. Managing forests for climate change mitigation. Science 320 (2008) 1456-1457 10.1126/science.1155458
Chemidlin-Prevost-Bouré N., Ngao J., Berveiller D., Bonal D., Damesin C., Dufrêne E., Lata J.-C., Le Dantec V., Longdoz S., Ponton S., Soudani K., and Epron D. Root exclusion through trenching does not affect the isotopic composition of soil CO2 efflux. Plant Soil (2009) 10.1007/s11104-008-9844-5
Chen B., Black A., Coops N.C., Jassal R., and Nesic Z. Seasonal controls on interannual variability in carbon dioxide exchange of a Pacific Northwest Douglas-fir forest, 1997-2006. Global Change Biol. 15 (2009) 1962-1981 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01832.x
Clement R., Moncrieff J.B., and Jarvis P.G. Net carbon productivity of Sitka Spruce forest in Scotland. Scottish Forestry 57 (2003) 5-10
Cook B.D., Davis K.J., Wang W., Desai A.R., Berger B.W., Teclaw R.M., Martin J.G., Bolstad P.V., Bakwin P.S., Yi C., and Heilman W. Carbon exchange and venting anomalies in an upland deciduous forest in northern Wisconsin, USA. Agric. For. Meteorol. 126 (2004) 271-295
Davi H., Dufrene E., Francois C., Le Maire G., Loustau D., Bosc A., Rambal S., Granier A., and Moors E. Sensitivity of water and carbon fluxes to climate changes from 1960 to 2100 in European forest ecosystems. Agric. For. Meteorol. 141 (2006) 35-56
Delpierre N., Soudani K., François F., Pontailler J.Y., Aubinet M., Bernhofer C., Granier A., Grunwald T., Heinesch B., Longdoz B., Misson L., Nikinmaa E., Rambal S., Vesala I., and Dufrêne E. Exceptional carbon uptake in European forests during the warm spring of 2007: a data-model analysis. Global Change Biol. (2009) 1455-1474
Desai A.R., Bolstad P.V., Cook B.D., Davis K.J., and Carey E.V. Comparing net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide between an old-growth and mature forest in the upper Midwest. USA. Agric. For. Meteorol. 128 (2005) 33-55. Z
Dolman A.J., Moors E.J., and Elbers J.A. The carbon uptake of a mid latitude pine forest growing on sandy soil. Agric. For. Met. 111 (2002) 157-170
Dufrêne E., Davi H., Francois C., le Maire G., Le Dantec V., and Granier A. Modelling carbon and water cycles in a beech forest Part I: Model description and uncertainty analysis on modelled NEE. Ecol. Mod. 185 2-4 (2005) 407-436
Epron D., Le Dantec V., Dufrêne E., and Granier A. Seasonal dynamics of soil carbon dioxide efflux and simulated rhizosphere respiration in a beech forest. Tree Physiol. 21 2-3 (2001) 145-152
Eugster W., Zeyer K., Zeeman M., Michna P., Zingg A., Buchmann N., and Emmenegger L. Methodical study of nitrous oxide eddy covariance measurements using quantum cascade laser spectrometery over a Swiss forest. Biogeosciences 4 (2007) 927-939
Falk M., Wharton S., Paw U K.T., Ustin S.L., and Schroeder M. Flux partitioning in an old-growth forest: seasonal and interannual dynamics. Tree Physiol. 28 (2008) 509-520
Falk M., Paw U K.T., Wharton S., and Schroeder M. Is soil respiration a major contributor to the carbon budget within a Pacific Northwest Old-Growth Forest?. Agric. For. Meteorol. 135 (2005) 269-283
Falk, M. 2005. Carbon and energy exchange between an old-growth forest and the atmosphere. Ph.D. Diss., University of California, Davis, 216 pp.
Feigenwinter C., Bernhofer C., and Vogt R. The influence of advection on the short term CO2-budget in and above a forest canopy. Bound. -Lay. Meteorol. 113 (2004) 201-224
Feigenwinter Ch., Bernhofer Ch., Eichelmann U., Heinesch B., Hertel M., Janous D., Kolle O., Lagergren F., Lindroth A., Minerbi S., Moderow U., Mölder M., Montagnani L., Queck R., Rebmann C., Vestin P., Yernaux M., Zeri M., Ziegler W., and Aubinet M. Comparison of horizontal and vertical advective CO2 fluxes at three forest sites. Agric. For. Meteorol. 148 (2008) 12-24
Finnigan J.J. The storage term in eddy flux calculations. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 136 (2006) 108-113
Finnigan J.J. Turbulent flow in canopies on complex topography and the effects of stable stratification. Flow and transport processes with complex obstructions. NATO Science Series II: Mathematics, physics and chemistry vol. 236 (2007), Springer 414 pp.
Finnigan J.J. An introduction to flux measurements in difficult conditions. Ecol. Applic. 18 (2008) 1340-1350
Froelich N.J., and Schmid H.P. Flow divergence and density flows above and below a deciduous forest - Part II. Below-canopy thermotopographic flows. Agric. For. Meteorol. 138 (2006) 29-43
Göckede M., Foken T., Aubinet M., Aurela M., Banza J., Bernhofer C., Bonnefond J.M., Brunet Y., Carrara A., Climent R., Dellwik E., Elbers J., Eugster W., Fuhrer J., Granier A., Grünwald T., Heinesch B., Janssens I.A., Knohl A., Koeble R., Laurila T., Longdoz B., Manca G., Marek M., Markkanenen T., Mateus J., Matteucci G., Mauder M., Migliavacca M., Minerbi S., Moncrieff J., Montagnagi L., Moors E., Ourcival J.-M., Papale D., Pereira J., Pilegaard K., Pita G., Rambal S., Rebmann C., Rodrigues A., Rotenberg E., Sanz M.J., Sedlak P., Seufert G., Siebicke L., Soussana F., Valentini R., Vesala T., Verbeeck H., and Yakir D. Quality control of CarboEurope flux data - Part 1: Coupling footprint analyses with flux data quality assessment to evaluate sites in forest ecosystems. Biogeosciences 5 (2008) 433-450
Goulden M.L., Munger J.W., Fan S.M., Daube B.C., and Wofsy S.C. Measurements of carbon sequestration by longterm eddy covariance: methods and a critical evaluation of accuracy. Global Change Biol. 2 (1996) 169-182
Grünwald T., and Bernhofer C. A decade of carbon, water and energy flux measurements of an old spruce forest at the Anchor Station Tharandt. Tellus 59B (2007) 387-396
Hanna S.R., Chang J.C., and Strimaitis D.G. Hazardous gas model evaluation with field observations. Atmos. Environ 27A (1993) 2265-2281
Heinesch B., Yernaux Y., and Aubinet M. Some methodological questions concerning advection measurements: a case study. Bound. -Lay. Meteorol. 122 (2007) 457-478
Heinesch B., Yernaux Y., and Aubinet M. Dependence of CO2 advection patterns on wind direction on a gentle forested slope. Biogeosciences 5 (2008) 657-668
Humphreys E.R., Black T.A., Morgenstern K., Cai T., Drewitt G.B., and Nesic Z. CO2 fluxes in three coastal Douglas-fir stands at different stages of development after harvesting. Agric. For. Meteorol. 140 (2006) 6-22
Hurry V., Igamberdiev A.U., Keerberg O., Pärnik T., Atkin O.K., Zaragoza-Castells J., and Gardeström P. Respiration in photosynthetic cells: gas exchange components, interactions with photorespiration and the operation of mitochondria in the light. In: Lambers H., and Ribas-Carbo M. (Eds). Plant Respiration: From Cell to Ecosystem (2005), Springer, Dordrecht, the Netherlands 43-61
Hutyra L.R., Munger J.W., Saleska S.R., Gottlieb E., Daube B.C., Dunn A.L., Amaral D.F., de Camargo P.B., and Wofsy S.C. Seasonal controls on the exchange of carbon and water in an Amazonian rain forest. J. Geophys. Res. 112 (2007) GO3008 10.1029/2006JG000365
Irvine J., and Law B.E. Contrasting soil respiration in young and old-growth ponderosa pine forests. Glob. Change Biol. 8 (2002) 1183-1194
Jassal R.S., Black A.T., Cai T., Morgenstern K., Li Z., Gaumont-Guay D., and Nesic Z. Components of ecosystem respiration and an estimate of net primary productivity of an intermediate-aged Douglas-fir stand. Agric. For. Meteorol. 144 (2007) 44-57
Keith H., and Wong S.C. Measurement of soil CO2 efflux using soda lime absorption: both quantitative and reliable. Soil Biol. Biochem. 38 5 (2006) 1121-1131
Keith H., Leuning R., Jacobsen K.L., Cleugh H.A., van Gorsel E., Raison R.J., Medlyn B.E., Winters A., and Keitel C. Multiple measurements constrain estimates of net carbon exchange by a Eucalyptus forest. Agric. For. Meteorol. 149 (2009) 535-558
Kutsch W.L., Kolle O., Rebmann C., Knohl A., Ziegler W., and Schulze E.D. Advection and resulting CO2 exchange uncertainty in a tall forest in central Germany. Ecol. applic. 18 (2008) 1391-1405
Kutzbach L., Schneider J., Sachs T., Giebels M., Nykänen H., Shurpali N.J., Martikainen P.J., Alm J., and Wilmking M. CO2 flux determination by closed-chamber methods can be seriously biased by inappropriate application of linear regression. Biogeoscience 4 (2007) 1005-1025
Law B.E., Ryan M.G., and Anthoni P.M. Seasonal and annual respiration of a ponderosa pine ecosystem. Global Change Biol. 5 (1999) 169-182
Law B.E., Thornton P., Irvine J., van Tuy l.S., and Anthoni P. Carbon storage and fluxes in ponderosa pine forests at different developmental stages. Global Change Biol. 7 (2001) 755-777
Leclerc M.Y., Karipot A., Prabha T., Allwine G., Lamb B., and Gholz H.L. Impact of non-local advection on flux footprints over a tall forest canopy: a tracer flux experiment. Agric. For. Meteorol. 115 (2003) 19-30
Lee X., Wu H.-J., Sigler J., Oishi C., and Siccama T. Rapid and transient response of soil respiration to rain. Global Change Biol. 10 (2004) 1017-1026
Lee X., Fuentes J.D., Staebler R.M., and Neumann H.H. Long-term observation of the atmospheric exchange of CO2 with a temperate deciduous forest. J. Geophys. Res. 104 (1999) 15975-15984
Leuning R. Measurements of trace gas fluxes in the atmosphere using eddy covariance: WPL corrections revisited. Handbook of Micrometeorology (2004), Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences Library, Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht/Boston/London 119-132 pp
Leuning R., Cleugh H.A., Zegelin S.J., and Hughes D. Carbon and water fluxes over a temperate Eucalyptus forest and a tropical wet/dry savanna in Australia: measurements and comparison with MODIS remote sensing estimates. Agric. For. Meteorol. 129 (2005) 151-173
Leuning R., Zegelin S.J., Jones K., Keith H., and Hughes D. Measurement of horizontal and vertical advection of CO2 within a forest canopy. Agric. For. Meteorol. 148 (2008) 1777-1797
Liu Q., Edwards N.T., Post W.M., Gu L., Ledford J., and Lenhart S. Temperature-independent diel variation in soil respiration observed from a temperate deciduous forest. Global Change Biol. 12 (2006) 2136-2145
Loescher H.W., Law B.E., Mahrt L., Hollinger D.Y., Campbell J., and Wofsy S.C. Uncertainties in, and interpretation of, carbon flux estimates using the eddy covariance technique. J. Geophys. Res. 111 (2006) D21S90
Mahrt L., Vickers D., Nakamura R., Soler M.R., Sun J.L., Burns S., and Lenschow D.H. Shallow drainage flows. Bound. -Lay. Meteorol. 101 2 (2001) 243-260
Mammarella I., Kolari P., Rinne J., Keronen P., Pumpanen J., and Vesala T. Determining the contribution of vertical advection to the net ecosystem exchange at Hyytiälä forest. Finland., Tellus 59B (2007) 900-909
Marcolla B., Cescatti A., Montagnani L., Manca G., Kerschbaumer G., and Minerbi S. Importance of advection in the atmospheric CO2 exchanges of an alpine forest. Agric. For. Meteorol. 130 (2005) 193-206
Moncrieff J.B., Malhi Y., and Leuning R. The propagation of errors in long-term measurements of land-atmosphere fluxes of carbon and water. Global Change Biol. 2 (1996) pp. 231-140
Montagnani L., Manca G., Canepa E., Georgieva E., Acosta M., Feigenwinter C., Janous D., Kerschbaumer G., Lindroth A., Minach L., Minerbi M., Mölder M., Pavelka M., Seufert G., Zeri M., and Ziegler W. A new mass conservation approach to the study of CO2 advection in an alpine forest. J. Geophys. Res. 114 (2009) D07306 10.1029/2008JD010650
Morgenstern K., Black T.A., Humphreys E.R., Griffis T.J., Drewitt G.B., Cai T., Nesic Z., Spittlehouse D.L., and Livingston N.J. Sensitivity and uncertainty of the carbon balance of a Pacific Northwest Douglas-fir forest during an El Niño/La Niña cycle. Agric. For. Meteorol. 123 (2004) 201-219
Noormets A., Chen J., and Crow T.R. Age-dependent changes in ecosystem carbon fluxes in managed forests in northern Wisconsin, USA. Ecosystems 10 (2007) 187-203
Noormets A., McNulty S.G., DeForest J.L., Sun G., Li Q., and Chen J. Drought during canopy development has lasting effect on annual carbon balance in a deciduous temperate forest. New Phytol. 179 (2008) 818-828
Paw U K.T., Falk M., Suchanek T.H., Ustin S.L., Chen J., Park Y.-S., Winner W.E., Thomas S.C., Hsiao T.C., Shaw R.H., King T.S., Pyles R.D., Schroeder M., and Matista A.A. Carbon dioxide exchange between an old-growth forest and the atmosphere. Ecosystems 7 (2004) 513-524
Pumpanen J., Ilvesniemi H., Keronen P., Nissinen A., Pohja T., Vesala T., and Hari P. An open chamber system for measuring soil surface CO2 efflux: analysis of error sources related to the chamber system. J. Geophys. Res. 106 (2001) 7985-7992
Pumpanen J., Kolari P., Ilvesniemi H., Minkkinen K., Vesala T., Niinistö S., Lohila A., Larmola T., Morero M., Pihlatie M., Janssens I., Yuste J.C., Grünzweig J.M., Reth S., Subke J.A., Savage K., Kutsch W., Østreng G., Ziegler W., Anthoni P., Lindroth A., and Hari P. Comparison of different chamber techniques for measuring soil CO2 efflux. Agric. For. Meteorol. 123 (2004) 159-176
Anthoni P.M., Knohl A., Rebmann C., Freibauer A., Mund M., Ziegler W., Kolle O., and Schulze E.D. Forest and agricultural land-use-dependent CO2 exchange in Thuringia, Germany. Global Change Biol. 10 (2004) 2005-2019
Saigusa N., Yamamoto S., Hirata R., Ohtani Y., Ide R., Asanuma J., Gamo M., Hirano T., Kondo H.a., Kosugi Y., Li S., Nakai Y., Takagi K., Tani M., and Wang H. Temporal and spatioal variations in the seasonal patterns of CO2 flux in boreal, temperate, and tropical forests in East Asia. Agric. For. Meteorol. 148 (2008) 700-713
Saleska S.R., Miller S.D., Matross D.M., Goulden M.L., Wofsy S.C., da Rocha H.R., de Camargo P.B., Crill P., Daube B.C., de Freitas H.C., Hutyra L., Keller M., Kirchhoff V., Menton M., Munger J.W., Pyle E.H., Rice A.H., and Silva H. Carbon in Amazon forests: unexpected seasonal fluxes and disturbance-induced losses. Science 302 (2003) 1554
Savage K.E., and Davidson E.A. A comparison of manual and automated systems for soil CO2 flux measurements: trade-offs between spatial and temporal resolution. J. Exp. Botany 54 (2003) 891-899
Schimel D., Aubinet M., and Finnigan J. Flux measurements in difficult conditions. Ecol. Appl. 18 (2008) 1338-1339
Schmid H.P., Grimmond C.S.B., Cropley F., Offerle B., and Su H.B. Measurements of CO2 and energy fluxes over a mixed hardwood forest in the mid-western United States. Agric. For. Meteorol. 103 (2000) 357-374
Staebler R.M., and Fitzjarrald D.R. Observing subcanopy CO2 advection. Agric. For. Meteorol. 122 (2004) 139-156
Staebler R.M., and Fitzjarrald D.R. Measuring canopy structure and the kinematics of subcanopy flows in two forests. J. Appl. Meteorol. (2005) 1161-1179
Sun J., Burns S.P., Delany A.C., Oncley S.P., Turnipseed A.A., Stephens B.B., Lenschow D.H., leMone M.A., Monson R.K., and Anderson D.E. CO2 transport over complex terrain. Agric. For. Meteorol. 145 (2007) 1-21
Suni T., Rinne J., Reissel A., Altimir N., Keronen P., Rannik U., Dal Maso M., Kulmala M., and Vesala T. Long-term measurements of surface fluxes above a Scots pine forest in Hyytiälä, southern Finland, 1996-2001. Boreal Environ. Res. 4 (2003) 287-301
Tóta J., Fitzjarrald D.R., Staebler R.M., Sakai R.K., Moraes O.M.M., Acevedo O.C., Wofsy S.C., and Manzi A.O. Amazon rain forest subcanopy flow and the carbon budget. Santarém LBA-ECO site. J. Geophys. Res. 113 (2008) G00B02 10.1029/2007JG000597
Urban O., Janouš D., Acosta M., Czerný R., Marková I., Navrátil M., Pavelka M., Pokorný R., Šprtová M., Zhang R., Špunda V., Grace J., and Marek M.V. Ecophysiological controls over the net ecosystem exchange of mountain spruce stand. Comparison of the response in direct vs. diffuse solar radiation. Global Change Biol. 13 (2007) 157-168
Urbanski S., Barford C., Wofsy S., Kucharik C., Pyle E., Budney J., Fitzjarrald D., Czikowsky M., and Munger J.W. Factors Controlling CO2 Exchange at Harvard Forest on Hourly to Annual Time Scales. J. Geophys. Res. 112 (2007) G02020 10.1029/2006JG000293
van Gorsel E., Leuning R., Cleugh H.A., Keith H., and Suni T. Nocturnal carbon efflux: reconciliation of eddy covariance and chamber measurements using an alternative to the u*-threshold filtering technique. Tellus 59B (2007) 397-403
van Gorsel E., Leuning R., Cleugh H.A., Keith H., Kirschbaum M.U.F., and Suni T. Application of an alternative method to derive reliable estimates of nighttime respiration from eddy covariance measurements in moderately complex topography. Agric. For. Meteorol. 148 (2008) 1174-1180
van't Hoff J.H. Lectures on Theoretical and Physical Chemistry. Part 1. Chemical Dynamics (1898), Edward Arnold, London
Villar R., Held A.A., and Merino J. Dark leaf respiration in light and darkness of an evergreen and a deciduous plant species. Plant Physiol. 107 (1994) 421-427
Wharton S., Schroeder M., Paw U.K.T., Falk M., and Bible K. Turbulence considerations for comparing ecosystem exchange over old-growth and clear-cut stands for limited fetch and complex canopy flow conditions. Agic. For. Meteorol. 149 (2009) 1477-1490
Wohlfahrt G., Bahn M., Haslwanter A., Newesely C., and Cernusca A. Estimation of daytime ecosystem respiration to determine gross primary production of a mountain meadow. Agric. For. Meteorol. 130 (2005) 13-25
Wood S.A., Beringer J., Hutley L.B., McGuire A.D., Van Dijk A., and Kilinc M. Impacts of fire on forest age and runoff in mountain ash forests. Funct. Plant Biol. 35 (2008) 483-492
Yang B., Hanson P.J., Riggs J.S., Pallardy S.G., Heurer M., Hosman K.P., Meyers T.P., Wullschleger S.D., and Gu L.-H. Biases of CO2 storage in eddy flux measurements in a forest pertinent to vertical configurations of a profile system and CO2 density averaging. J. Geophys. Res. 112 (2007) D20123 10.1029/2006JD008243
Yi Ch., Anderson D.E., Turnipseed A.A., Burns S.P., Sparks J.P., Stannard D.I., and Monson R.K. The contribution of advective fluxes to net ecosystem exchange in a high-elevation, subalpine forest. Ecol. Appl. 18 (2008) 1379-1390
Similar publications
Sorry the service is unavailable at the moment. Please try again later.
This website uses cookies to improve user experience. Read more
Save & Close
Accept all
Decline all
Show detailsHide details
Cookie declaration
About cookies
Strictly necessary
Performance
Strictly necessary cookies allow core website functionality such as user login and account management. The website cannot be used properly without strictly necessary cookies.
This cookie is used by Cookie-Script.com service to remember visitor cookie consent preferences. It is necessary for Cookie-Script.com cookie banner to work properly.
Performance cookies are used to see how visitors use the website, eg. analytics cookies. Those cookies cannot be used to directly identify a certain visitor.
Used to store the attribution information, the referrer initially used to visit the website
Cookies are small text files that are placed on your computer by websites that you visit. Websites use cookies to help users navigate efficiently and perform certain functions. Cookies that are required for the website to operate properly are allowed to be set without your permission. All other cookies need to be approved before they can be set in the browser.
You can change your consent to cookie usage at any time on our Privacy Policy page.
