CMBR experiments; CMBR polarisation; Astronomy and Astrophysics
Abstract :
[en] We present a study of the impact of a beam far side-lobe lack of knowledge on the measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background B-mode signal at large scale. Beam far side-lobes induce a mismatch in the transfer function of Galactic foregrounds between the dipole and higher multipoles which degrads the performances of component separation methods. This leads to foreground residuals in the CMB map. It is expected to be one of the main source of systematic effects in future CMB polarization observations. Thus, it becomes crucial for all-sky survey missions to take into account the interplays between beam systematic effects and all the data analysis steps. LiteBIRD is the ISAS/JAXA second strategic large-class satellite mission and is dedicated to target the measurement of CMB primordial B modes by reaching a sensitivity on the tensor-to-scalar ratio r of σ (r) ≤ 10-3 assuming r = 0. The primary goal of this paper is to provide the methodology and develop the framework to carry out the end-to-end study of beam far side-lobe effects for a space-borne CMB experiment. We introduce uncertainties in the beam model, and propagate the beam effects through all the steps of the analysis pipeline, most importantly including component separation, up to the cosmological results in the form of a bias δr. As a demonstration of our framework, we derive requirements on the calibration and modeling for the LiteBIRD's beams under given assumptions on design, simulation, component separation method and allocated error budget. In particular, we assume a parametric method of component separation with no mitigation of the far side-lobes effect at any stage of the analysis pipeline. We show that δr is mostly due to the integrated fractional power difference between the estimated beams and the true beams in the far side-lobes region, with little dependence on the actual shape of the beams, for low enough δr. Under our set of assumptions, in particular considering the specific foreground cleaning method we used, we find that the integrated fractional power in the far side-lobes should be known at the level of ∼ 10-4, to achieve the required limit on the bias δr < 1.9 × 10-5. The framework and tools developed for this study can be easily adapted to provide requirements under different design, data analysis frameworks and for other future space-borne experiments, such as PICO or CMB-Bharat. We further discuss the limitations of this framework and potential extensions to circumvent them.
Research Center/Unit :
STAR - Space sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research - ULiège
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Leloup, C. ; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU, WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan ; Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris, France
Patanchon, G. ; Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris, France
Errard, J. ; Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris, France
Franceschet, C. ; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy ; INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
Gudmundsson, J.E. ; The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Henrot-Versillé, S. ; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
Imada, H. ; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka, Japan
Ishino, H.; Okayama University, Department of Physics, Okayama, Japan
Matsumura, T. ; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU, WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
Puglisi, G. ; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy ; INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Catania, Italy ; INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
Wang, W. ; Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris, France
Adler, A.; The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Aumont, J.; IRAP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, CNES, UPS, Toulouse, France
Aurlien, R.; Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
Baccigalupi, C.; International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy ; INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, Italy ; IFPU, Grignano, Italy
Ballardini, M.; Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy ; INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy ; INAF, OAS Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Banday, A.J.; IRAP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, CNES, UPS, Toulouse, France
Barreiro, R.B.; Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (IFCA, CSIC-UC), Santander, Spain
Bartolo, N.; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy ; INFN, Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy ; INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Padova, Italy
Basyrov, A.; Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
Bersanelli, M.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy ; INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
Blinov, D.; Institute of Astrophysics, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece ; Department of Physics and ITCP, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
Bortolami, M.; Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy ; INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
Brinckmann, T.; Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
Campeti, P.; INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy ; Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Garching, Germany ; Excellence Cluster ORIGINS, Garching, Germany
Carones, A.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy ; INFN, Sezione di Roma2, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
Carralot, F.; International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
Casas, F.J.; Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (IFCA, CSIC-UC), Santander, Spain
Cheung, K.; Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom ; University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, United States ; University of California, Berkeley, Space Sciences Laboratory, Berkeley, United States ; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Computational Cosmology Center, Berkeley, United States
Clermont, Lionel ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Centres généraux > CSL (Centre Spatial de Liège)
Columbro, F.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, Roma, Italy ; INFN, Sezione di Roma, Roma, Italy
Conenna, G.; University of Milano Bicocca, Physics Department, Milan, Italy
Coppolecchia, A.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, Roma, Italy ; INFN, Sezione di Roma, Roma, Italy
Cuttaia, F.; INAF, OAS Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Dachlythra, N.; The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
D'Alessandro, G.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, Roma, Italy ; INFN, Sezione di Roma, Roma, Italy
de Bernardis, P.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, Roma, Italy ; INFN, Sezione di Roma, Roma, Italy
de Haan, T.; Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies (IPNS), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan ; International Center for Quantum-field Measurement Systems for Studies of the Universe and Particles (QUP), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan
De Petris, M.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, Roma, Italy ; INFN, Sezione di Roma, Roma, Italy
Della Torre, S.; INFN, Sezione Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
Diego-Palazuelos, P.; Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Garching, Germany ; Departamento de Física Moderna, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
Eriksen, H.K.; Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
Fuskeland, U.; Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
Galloni, G.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
Galloway, M.; Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
Georges, Marc ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Centres généraux > CSL (Centre Spatial de Liège)
Gerbino, M.; INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
Gervasi, M.; University of Milano Bicocca, Physics Department, Milan, Italy ; INFN, Sezione Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
Génova-Santos, R.T.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain ; Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
Ghigna, T.; International Center for Quantum-field Measurement Systems for Studies of the Universe and Particles (QUP), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan
Giardiello, S.; School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
Gimeno-Amo, C.; Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (IFCA, CSIC-UC), Santander, Spain
Gjerløw, E.; Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
Hazumi, M.; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU, WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan ; Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies (IPNS), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan ; International Center for Quantum-field Measurement Systems for Studies of the Universe and Particles (QUP), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan ; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Sagamihara, Japan ; The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Kanagawa, Japan
Hergt, L.T.; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Herranz, D.; Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (IFCA, CSIC-UC), Santander, Spain
Hivon, E.; Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
Hoang, T.D.; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU, WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
Jost, B.; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU, WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
Kohri, K.; Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies (IPNS), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan
Krachmalnicoff, N.; International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy ; INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, Italy ; IFPU, Grignano, Italy
Lee, A.T.; University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, United States ; International Center for Quantum-field Measurement Systems for Studies of the Universe and Particles (QUP), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan ; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Physics Division, Berkeley, United States
Lembo, M.; Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
Levrier, F.; Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
Lonappan, A.I.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
López-Caniego, M.; Aurora Technology for the European Space Agency, Madrid, Spain ; Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Macias-Perez, J.; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPSC-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
Martínez-González, E.; Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (IFCA, CSIC-UC), Santander, Spain
Masi, S.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, Roma, Italy ; INFN, Sezione di Roma, Roma, Italy
Matarrese, S.; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy ; INFN, Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy ; INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Padova, Italy ; Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), L'Aquila, Italy
Micheli, S.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
Monelli, M.; Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Garching, Germany
Montier, L.; IRAP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, CNES, UPS, Toulouse, France
Morgante, G.; INAF, OAS Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Mot, B.; IRAP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, CNES, UPS, Toulouse, France
Mousset, L.; IRAP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, CNES, UPS, Toulouse, France ; Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
Namikawa, T.; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU, WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
Natoli, P.; Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy ; INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
Novelli, A.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
Noviello, F.; School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
Obata, I.; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU, WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
Odagiri, K.; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Sagamihara, Japan
Pagano, L.; Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy ; INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy ; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Orsay, France
Paiella, A.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, Roma, Italy ; INFN, Sezione di Roma, Roma, Italy
Pascual-Cisneros, G.; Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (IFCA, CSIC-UC), Santander, Spain
Pavlidou, V.; Institute of Astrophysics, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece ; Department of Physics and ITCP, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
Piacentini, F.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, Roma, Italy ; INFN, Sezione di Roma, Roma, Italy
Piccirilli, G.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
Pisano, G.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
Poleta, G.; Space Science Data Center, Italian Space Agency, Roma, Italy
Raffuzzi, N.; Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
Remazeilles, M.; Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (IFCA, CSIC-UC), Santander, Spain ; Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
Ritacco, A.; Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France ; INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, Selargius, Italy
Rizzieri, A.; Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris, France
Ruiz-Granda, M.; Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (IFCA, CSIC-UC), Santander, Spain ; Departamento de Física Moderna, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
Sakurai, Y.; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU, WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan ; Okayama University, Department of Physics, Okayama, Japan
Shiraishi, M.; Suwa University of Science, Chino, Japan
Stever, S.L.; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU, WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan ; Okayama University, Department of Physics, Okayama, Japan
Takase, Y.; Okayama University, Department of Physics, Okayama, Japan
Tassis, K.; Institute of Astrophysics, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece ; Department of Physics and ITCP, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
Terenzi, L.; INAF, OAS Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Thompson, K.L.; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (KIPAC), Menlo Park, United States ; Stanford University, Department of Physics, Stanford, United States
Tristram, M.; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
Vacher, L.; International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
Vielva, P.; Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (IFCA, CSIC-UC), Santander, Spain
Wehus, I.K.; Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
Weymann-Despres, G.; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
Zannoni, M.; University of Milano Bicocca, Physics Department, Milan, Italy ; INFN, Sezione Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
Zhou, Y.; International Center for Quantum-field Measurement Systems for Studies of the Universe and Particles (QUP), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan
LiteBIRD (phase A) activities are supported by the following funding agencies: ISAS/JAXA, MEXT, JSPS, KEK (Japan); CSA (Canada); CNES, CNRS, CEA (France); DFG (Germany); ASI, INFN, INAF (Italy); RCN (Norway); AEI (Spain); SNSA, SRC (Sweden); NASA, DOE (U.S.A.). JE acknowledges the SciPol project funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant agreement No. 101044073). JEG acknowledge support from the Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA/Rymdstyrelsen) and the Swedish Research Council (Reg. no. 2019-03959). JEG also acknowledges support from the European Union (ERC, CMBeam, 101040169). The work of TM was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 23H00107.
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