Article (Scientific journals)
Investigating relationships between technological variability and ecology in the Middle Gravettian (ca. 32–28 ky cal. BP) in France
Vignoles, Anaïs; Banks, William E.; Klaric, Laurent et al.
2021In Quaternary Science Reviews, 253, p. 106766
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Keywords :
Culture-environment relationships; Ecological niche modeling; France; Middle gravettian; Noaillian; Rayssian; Archeology (arts and humanities); Archeology
Abstract :
[en] The French Middle Gravettian represents an interesting case study for attempting to identify mechanisms behind the typo-technological variability observed in the archaeological record. Associated with the relatively cold and dry environments of GS.5.2 and 5.1, this phase of the Gravettian is characterized by two lithic typo-technical entities (faciès in French): the Noaillian (defined by the presence of Noailles burins) and the Rayssian (identified by the Raysse method of bladelet production). The two faciès have partially overlapping geographic distributions, with the Rayssian having a more northern and restricted geographic extension than the Noaillian. Their chronological relationship, however, is still unclear, and interpretations of their dual presence at many sites within the region of overlap are not yet consensual. Nonetheless, the absence of the Raysse method south of the Garonne River suggests that this valley may have separated two different cultural trajectories for which the Rayssian represents an adaptation to environmental conditions different from those associated with Noaillian assemblages south of the Garonne River. The aim of this study is to test this hypothesis quantitatively using ecological niche modeling (ENM) methods. First, we critically evaluate published data to construct inventories of Noaillian and Rayssian archaeological sites. Next, using ENM methods, we estimate the ecological niches associated with the Middle Gravettian north (Noaillian + Rayssian) and south (Pyrenees Noaillian) of the Garonne River, which are then quantitatively evaluated and compared. Results demonstrate that, despite a relatively large degree of similarity, the niches differ significantly from one another in both geographic and environmental dimensions and that the niche associated with the northern Middle Gravettian is broader than that of the Pyrenees Noaillian. We propose that this pattern reflects different technological, subsistence and mobility strategies linked to the development of the Raysse method in the North, which was likely more advantageous in its environmental contexts than technologies employed by contemporaneous populations in the Pyrenees.
Disciplines :
Archaeology
Author, co-author :
Vignoles, Anaïs  ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Unités de recherche interfacultaires > Art, Archéologie et Patrimoine (AAP) ; UMR-5199 PACEA, Université de Bordeaux, France
Banks, William E.;  UMR-5199 PACEA, Université de Bordeaux, France ; Biodiversity Institute and Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, United States
Klaric, Laurent;  UMR-7055 Préhistoire et Technologie, Université Paris X-Nanterre, France
Kageyama, Masa ;  UMR-8212 LSCE, Université Paris-Saclay, France
Cobos, Marlon E.;  Biodiversity Institute and Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, United States
Romero-Alvarez, Daniel;  Biodiversity Institute and Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, United States
Language :
English
Title :
Investigating relationships between technological variability and ecology in the Middle Gravettian (ca. 32–28 ky cal. BP) in France
Publication date :
February 2021
Journal title :
Quaternary Science Reviews
ISSN :
0277-3791
eISSN :
1873-457X
Publisher :
Elsevier Ltd
Volume :
253
Pages :
106766
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Funders :
Conseil Régional d'Aquitaine
Funding text :
This research was financed by the LabEx project IMPACT (W. Banks, dir.), and the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region project “GravettoNiches” (W. Banks, dir.). The collaborative trip to the University of Kansas’ Biodiversity Institute was co-funded by the University of Bordeaux’s “Sciences et Environnements” Doctoral School.We thank A. Townsend Peterson for hosting a collaborative trip to the University of Kansas’ Biodiversity Institute. The climate simulations were run on the Mercure supercomputer maintained by the Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique’s Très Grand Centre de Calculs. We thank A. Townsend Peterson, Mathieu Bosq and Pascal Bertran for their input during the writing of the article. Finally, we thank Andreas Maier and João Marreiros for their critical reviews as part of the Peer Community In open-access reviewing process ( https://doi.org/10.24072/pci.archaeo.100003 ), as well as the two anonymous reviewers for their critics and suggestions that served to improve the paper. We also thank the LabEx LaScArBx, the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region and the University of Bordeaux’s "Sciences et Environnements" Doctoral School for funding this research.We thank A. Townsend Peterson for hosting a collaborative trip to the University of Kansas’ Biodiversity Institute. The climate simulations were run on the Mercure supercomputer maintained by the Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique's Très Grand Centre de Calculs. We thank A. Townsend Peterson, Mathieu Bosq and Pascal Bertran for their input during the writing of the article. Finally, we thank Andreas Maier and João Marreiros for their critical reviews as part of the Peer Community In open-access reviewing process (https://doi.org/10.24072/pci.archaeo.100003), as well as the two anonymous reviewers for their critics and suggestions that served to improve the paper. We also thank the LabEx LaScArBx, the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region and the University of Bordeaux's “Sciences et Environnements” Doctoral School for funding this research.
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