alcohol use disorder; emotion; memory; social cognition; Medicine (miscellaneous); Psychiatry and Mental Health; Toxicology
Abstract :
[en] [en] BACKGROUND: Alterations in higher-order social cognition are well documented in individuals with severe alcohol use disorder (SAUD). However, the basic mechanisms underpinning them are not well understood. This knowledge gap hampers the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. Here, we investigated whether individuals with SAUD show abnormalities in social episodic memory processes, which may represent relevant candidate mechanisms for alterations in social cognition.
METHODS: Recently detoxified patients with SAUD and matched healthy controls (HCs) completed two experimental tasks. We first used a Social Recognition Task in 40 SAUD patients and 40 HCs to measure the participants' ability to implicitly memorize the facial identity and emotion of novel interpersonal cues (i.e., dynamic facial expressions of anger and happiness). We then used a Social Memory Accessibility Task in 29 SAUD patients and 30 HCs) to measure participants' access to and fluency for already existing social memories by asking them to retrieve as many specific positive and negative interpersonal events as possible within equal time limits.
RESULTS: In the Social Recognition Task, we found that, compared to HCs, patients with SAUD had a globally lower recognition performance for the facial identities of novel social stimuli, but a preserved bias toward positive information. Conversely, in the social memory accessibility task, patients showed greater access to and fluency for negative interpersonal memories than controls (no group differences were observed for positive ones), resulting in a negative accessibility bias.
CONCLUSIONS: This exploration of episodic social memory in individuals with SAUD showed (1) a preserved bias for the encoding of positive versus negative novel social information, and (2) greater access to negative than positive interpersonal memories. These results enhance our understanding of socio-affective processing in individuals with SAUD and identify social memory alterations that may contribute to social cognition and interpersonal difficulties.
Disciplines :
Treatment & clinical psychology
Author, co-author :
Pabst, Arthur; Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group (LEP), Psychological Science Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
de Longueville, Xavier; Psychiatric Unit, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi, Belgium
de Timary, Philippe; Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group (LEP), Psychological Science Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium ; Department of Adult Psychiatry, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium ; Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
Maurage, Pierre ; Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group (LEP), Psychological Science Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Language :
English
Title :
Social episodic memory in severe alcohol use disorder: Positive encoding bias and negative bias in accessibility of interpersonal information.
AP (FRESH grant holder), AD (Research director), and PM (Senior research associate) are funded by the Belgian Fund for Scientific Research (F.R.S.\u2010FNRS, Brussels, Belgium). This funding body did not exert any influence or censorship on the present work. The authors are grateful to Pauline Billaux for her help in coding participants' memories.
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