Adams D (2004) Canine Anatomy: A Systematic Study (4th edn). Blackwell Publishing, Des Moines, USA. pp. 339.
Campoy L, Martin-Flores M, Looney AL et al. (2008) Distribution of a lidocaine-methylene blue solution staining in brachial plexus, lumbar plexus and sciatic nerves in the dog. Vet Anaesth Analg 35, 348-354.
Campoy L, Martin-Flores M, Ludders JW et al. (2012) Comparison of bupivacaine femoral and sciatic nerve block versus bupivacaine and morphine epidural for stifle surgery in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 39, 91-98.
Caniglia AM, Driessen B, Puerto DA et al. (2012) Intraoperative antinociception and postoperative analgesia following epidural anesthesia versus femoral and sciatic nerve blockade in dogs undergoing stifle joint surgery. J Am Vet Med Assoc 241, 1605-1612.
Echeverry DF, Gil F, Laredo F et al. (2010) Ultrasound-guided block of the sciatic and femoral nerves in dogs: a descriptive study. Vet J 186, 210-215.
Echeverry DF, Laredo FG, Gil F et al. (2012a) Ventral ultrasound-guided suprainguinal approach to block the femoral nerve in the dog. Vet J 192, 333-337.
Echeverry DF, Laredo FG, Gil F et al. (2012b) Ultrasound-guided 'two-in-one' femoral and obturator nerve block in the dog: an anatomical study. Vet Anaesth Analg 39, 611-617.
Enneking FK, Chan V, Greger J et al. (2005) Lower-extremity peripheral nerve blockade: essentials of our current understanding. Reg Anesth Pain Med 30, 4-35.
Evans HE, de Lahunta A (2013) Miller's Anatomy of the Dog (4th edn). Saunders Elsevier Inc., St. Louis, USA. pp. 636-639.
Fowler SJ, Symons J, Sabato S et al. (2008) Epidural analgesia compared with peripheral nerve blockade after major knee surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Br J Anaesth 100, 154-164.
Hendrix PK, Raffe MR, Robinson EP et al. (1996) Epidural administration of bupivacaine, morphine, or their combination for postoperative analgesia in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 209, 598-607.
Jeng CL, Rosenblatt MA (2011) Intraneural injections and regional anesthesia: the known and the unknown. Minerva Anestesiol 77, 54-58.
Jones RS (2001) Epidural analgesia in the dog and cat. Vet J 161, 123-131.
Macalou D, Trueck S, Meuret P et al. (2004) Postoperative analgesia after total knee replacement: the effect of an obturator nerve block added to the femoral 3-in-1 nerve block. Anesth Analg 99, 251-254.
Mahler SP (2012) Ultrasound guidance to approach the femoral nerve in the iliopsoas muscle: a preliminary study in the dog. Vet Anaesth Analg 39, 550-554.
Mahler SP, Adogwa AO (2008) Anatomical and experimental studies of brachial plexus, sciatic, and femoral nerve-location using peripheral nerve stimulation in the dog. Vet Anaesth Analg 35, 80-89.
Marhofer P, Greher M, Kapral S (2005) Ultrasound guidance in regional anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 94, 7-17.
McNamee DA, Parks L, Milligan KR (2002) Post-operative analgesia following total knee replacement: an evaluation of the addition of an obturator nerve block to combined femoral and sciatic nerve block. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 46, 95-99.
O'Connor BL, Woodbury P (1982) The primary articular nerves to the dog knee. J Anat 134, 563-572.
Portela DA, Otero PE, Tarragona L et al. (2010) Combined paravertebral plexus block and parasacral sciatic block in healthy dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 37, 531-541.
Portela DA, Otero PE, Briganti A et al. (2012) Femoral nerve block: a novel psoas compartment lateral pre-iliac approach in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 40, 194-204.
Rasmussen LM, Lipowitz AJ, Graham LF (2006) Controlled, clinical trial assessing saphenous, tibial and common peroneal nerve blocks for the control of perioperative pain following femoro-tibial joint surgery in the nonchondrodystrophoid dog. Vet Anaesth Analg 33, 49-61.
Raymond SA, Steffensen SC, Gugino LD et al. (1989) The role of length of nerve exposed to local anesthetic and impulse blocking action. Anaesth Analg 68, 363-370.
Sakura S, Hara K, Ota J et al. (2010) Ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve blocks for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: effect of obturator nerve block during and after surgery. J Anesth 24, 411-417.
Vettorato E, Bradbrook C, Gurney M et al. (2012) Peripheral nerve blocks of the pelvic limb in dogs: a retrospective clinical study. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 25, 314-320.
