[en] The feral cattle of the subantarctic island of Amsterdam provide an outstanding case study of a large mammalian population that was established by a handful of founders and thrived within a few generations in a seemingly inhospitable environment. Here, we investigated the genetic history and composition of this population using genotyping and sequencing data. Our inference showed an intense but brief founding bottleneck around the late 19th century and revealed contributions from European taurine and Indian Ocean Zebu in the founder ancestry. Comparative analysis of whole-genome sequences further revealed a moderate reduction in genetic diversity despite high levels of inbreeding. The brief and intense bottleneck was associated with high levels of drift, a flattening of the site frequency spectrum and a slight relaxation of purifying selection on mildly deleterious variants. Unlike some populations that have experienced prolonged reductions in effective population size, we did not observe any significant purging of highly deleterious variants. Interestingly, the population's success in the harsh environment can be attributed to preadaptation from their European taurine ancestry, suggesting no strong bioclimatic challenge, and also contradicting evidence for insular dwarfism. Genome scan for footprints of selection uncovered a majority of candidate genes related to nervous system function, likely reflecting rapid feralization driven by behavioral changes and complex social restructuring. The Amsterdam Island cattle offers valuable insights into rapid population establishment, feralization, and genetic adaptation in challenging environments. It also sheds light on the unique genetic legacies of feral populations, raising ethical questions according to conservation efforts.
Disciplines :
Genetics & genetic processes Zoology
Author, co-author :
Gautier, Mathieu ; CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, L'institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
Micol, Thierry ; LPO, Rochefort, France
Camus, Louise ; CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, L'institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
Moazami-Goudarzi, Katayoun ; GABI, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
Naves, Michel ; ASSET, INRAE, Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, France
Guéret, Elise ; MGX-Montpellier GenomiX, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
Engelen, Stefan ; Retired, CEA, Institut de biologie François-Jacob, Genoscope, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
Lemainque, Arnaud; Retired, CEA, Institut de biologie François-Jacob, Genoscope, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
Colas, François; Retired, Saint-Paul and Amsterdam District, Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises, France
Flori, Laurence ; SELMET, INRAE, CIRAD, L'institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
Druet, Tom ; Université de Liège - ULiège > GIGA > GIGA Medical Genomics - Unit of Animal Genomics
Language :
English
Title :
Genomic Reconstruction of the Successful Establishment of a Feralized Bovine Population on the Subantarctic Island of Amsterdam.
Publication date :
03 July 2024
Journal title :
Molecular Biology and Evolution
ISSN :
0737-4038
eISSN :
1537-1719
Publisher :
Oxford University Press, United States
Volume :
41
Issue :
7
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Tags :
CÉCI : Consortium des Équipements de Calcul Intensif
F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique [BE]
Funding number :
J.0134.16
Funding text :
We would like to express our sincere gratitude to the two anonymous reviewers and the Associate Editor for their valuable feedback and insightful comments. We wish to thank Hubert Lev\u00E9ziel (INRA, retired), C\u00E9cile Grohs (GABI, INRAE, Jouy-en-Josas, France), and Roberta Ciampolini (Universit\u00E0 di Pisa, Pisa, Italy) for their help during DNA extraction and management of the bovine samples from Amsterdam island collected in 1992. The genotyping of individuals from the Amsterdam island cattle breed and from the Moka cattle breed was supported by the National Institute of Agronomic Research (INRA, Animal Genetics Division, France; \u201CSNPDOM\u201D and \u201CPERSAFRICA\u201D projects). The sequencing was supported by EU (FORWARD RITA DEFI-ANIMAL project, 2015\u20132020) and France G\u00E9nomique (CEA, Evry-Courcouronnes, France; High impact project funded \u201CCAHWA\u201D). MGX acknowledges financial support from France G\u00E9nomique National infrastructure, funded as part of \u201CInvestissement d\u2019Avenir\u201D program managed by Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (contract ANR-10-INBS-09). The sequencing of individuals from the Amsterdam island cattle was supported by the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique\u2014FNRS (F.R.S-FNRS) under Grant J.0134.16. Tom Druet is Research Director from the F.R.S.-FNRS. Computational resources have been provided by the genotoul bioinformatics platform Toulouse Occitanie (Bioinfo Genotoul, https://doi.org/10.15454/1.5572369328961167E12 ) and by the Consortium des \u00C9quipements de Calcul Intensif (C\u00C9CI), funded by the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique de Belgique (F.R.S.-FNRS) under Grant no. 2.5020.11 and by the Walloon Region.
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