Climate sensitivity; Dendroecology; Drought; Fagus sylvatica; Forests; Linear mixed-effects models; Trees/growth & development; Trees/physiology; Fagus/growth & development; Fagus/physiology; Climate Change; Droughts; Ecological amplitude; European beech; Forest; Linear mixed-effects model; Nonstationary; Secondary growth; Water availability; Fagus; Trees; Environmental Engineering; Environmental Chemistry; Waste Management and Disposal; Pollution
Abstract :
[en] The future performance of the widely abundant European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) across its ecological amplitude is uncertain. Although beech is considered drought-sensitive and thus negatively affected by drought events, scientific evidence indicating increasing drought vulnerability under climate change on a cross-regional scale remains elusive. While evaluating changes in climate sensitivity of secondary growth offers a promising avenue, studies from productive, closed-canopy forests suffer from knowledge gaps, especially regarding the natural variability of climate sensitivity and how it relates to radial growth as an indicator of tree vitality. Since beech is sensitive to drought, we in this study use a drought index as a climate variable to account for the combined effects of temperature and water availability and explore how the drought sensitivity of secondary growth varies temporally in dependence on growth variability, growth trends, and climatic water availability across the species' ecological amplitude. Our results show that drought sensitivity is highly variable and non-stationary, though consistently higher at dry sites compared to moist sites. Increasing drought sensitivity can largely be explained by increasing climatic aridity, especially as it is exacerbated by climate change and trees' rank progression within forest communities, as (co-)dominant trees are more sensitive to extra-canopy climatic conditions than trees embedded in understories. However, during the driest periods of the 20th century, growth showed clear signs of being decoupled from climate. This may indicate fundamental changes in system behavior and be early-warning signals of decreasing drought tolerance. The multiple significant interaction terms in our model elucidate the complexity of European beech's drought sensitivity, which needs to be taken into consideration when assessing this species' response to climate change.
Leifsson, Christopher; Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Land Surface-Atmosphere Interactions, Hans-Carl-v.-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany. Electronic address: christopher.leifsson@tum.de
Buras, Allan; Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Land Surface-Atmosphere Interactions, Hans-Carl-v.-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
Klesse, Stefan; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
Baittinger, Claudia; The National Museum of Denmark, Environmental Archaeology and Materials Science, I.C. Modewegs Vej 11, DK - 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
Bat-Enerel, Banzragch; Plant Ecology, University of Goettingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany, Applied Vegetation Ecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
Battipaglia, Giovanna; University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, via Vivaldi 43, 8100 Caserta, Italy
Biondi, Franco; DendroLab, Dept. of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
Stajić, Branko; University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade, Serbia
Budeanu, Marius; National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry Marin Dracea, 13 Closca street, Brasov, Romania
Čada, Vojtěch; Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, Praha 6, Suchdol 16521, Czech Republic
Cavin, Liam; Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
Claessens, Hugues ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Gestion des ressources forestières
Čufar, Katarina; University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Wood Science and Technology, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
de Luis, Martin; Dpto. de Geografía y Ordenación del Territorio, IUCA, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna s/n, 50009 Zaragoza. Spain
Dorado-Liñán, Isabel; Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Dulamsuren, Choimaa; Applied Vegetation Ecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
Garamszegi, Balázs; Institute of Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
Grabner, Michael; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
Hacket-Pain, Andrew; Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
Hansen, Jon Kehlet; Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Huang, Weiwei; Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
Janda, Pavel; Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, Praha 6, Suchdol 16521, Czech Republic
Jump, Alistair S; Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
Kazimirović, Marko; University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade, Serbia
Knutzen, Florian; Climate Service Center Germany (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Fischertwiete 1, 20095 Hamburg, Germany
Kreyling, Jürgen; University of Greifswald, Experimental Plant Ecology, Soldmannstraße 15, 17498 Greifswald, Germany
Land, Alexander; University of Hohenheim, Institute of Biology (190a), Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
Latte, Nicolas ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Gestion des ressources forestières
Lebourgeois, François; Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Silva, F-54000 Nancy, France
Leuschner, Christoph; Plant Ecology, University of Goettingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
Longares, Luis A; Dpto. de Geografía y Ordenación del Territorio, IUCA, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna s/n, 50009 Zaragoza. Spain
Martinez Del Castillo, Edurne; Department of Geography, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
Menzel, Annette; Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Ecoclimatology, Hans-Carl-v.-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
Motta, Renzo; Department of Agricoltural Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
Muffler-Weigel, Lena; Ecological-Botanical Garden, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
Nola, Paola; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Via S. Epifanio 14, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
Panayatov, Momchil; University of Forestry, Dendrology Department, Forest Faculty, Sofia, Bulgaria
Petritan, Any Mary; National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry Marin Dracea, 13 Closca street, Brasov, Romania
Petritan, Ion Catalin; Faculty of Silviculture and Forest Engineering, Department of Forest Engineering, Forest Management Planning and Terrestrial Measurements, Transilvania University of Braşov, Braşov, Romania
Popa, Ionel; National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry Marin Dracea, 13 Closca street, Brasov, Romania, Center for Mountain Economy (CE-MONT), Vatra Dornei, Romania
Roibu, Cǎtǎlin-Constantin; Forest Biometrics Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, "Stefan cel Mare" University of Suceava, Universitatii street, no. 13, Suceava RO720229, Romania
Rubio-Cuadrado, Álvaro; Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Rydval, Miloš; Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, Praha 6, Suchdol 16521, Czech Republic
Scharnweber, Tobias; Institute for Botany and Landscape Ecology, University Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
Camarero, J Julio; Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE), CSIC, Avda. Montañana 1005, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
Svoboda, Miroslav; Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, Praha 6, Suchdol 16521, Czech Republic
Toromani, Elvin; Department of Forestry, Agricultural University Tirana, Tirana, Albania
Trotsiuk, Volodymyr; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
van der Maaten-Theunissen, Marieke; Chair of Forest Growth and Woody Biomass Production, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
van der Maaten, Ernst; Chair of Forest Growth and Woody Biomass Production, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
Weigel, Robert; Ecological-Botanical Garden, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
Wilmking, Martin; Institute for Botany and Landscape Ecology, University Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
Zlatanov, Tzvetan; Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Street, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
Rammig, Anja; Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Land Surface-Atmosphere Interactions, Hans-Carl-v.-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
Zang, Christian S; Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, Department of Forestry, Hans-Carl-v.-Carlowitz-Platz 3, 85354 Freising, Germany
This project is funded by the Bavarian Ministry of Science and the Arts in the context of the Bavarian Climate Research Network (BayKliF). The following authors acknowledge funding support. AMP: Project PN23090301, within FORCLIMSOC program (Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization of Romania). ASJ: Supported by the UK Natural Environment Research Council under grants NE/V00929X/1 and NE/S010041/1. BS: Supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia within the framework of the program technological development [451-03-65/2024-03/200169]. CCR: Grant of the Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization, under the \u201CRomania's National Recovery and Resilience Plan - Founded by EU \u2013NextGenerationEU\u201D program, project \u201CCompound extreme events from a long-term perspective and their impact on forest growth dynamics (CExForD)\u201D number 760074/23.05.2023, code 287/30.11.2022, within Pillar III, Component C9, Investment 8. FB: Funded, in part, by the Experiment Station of the College of Agriculture, Biotechnology, and Natural Resources at the University of Nevada, Reno (USA). IP: CNCS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-PCE-2021\u20131002. IDL: Proyectos de Generaci\u00F3n de Conocimiento, MICIN (#PID2021-128759OA-I00) and Proyectos de Consolidaci\u00F3n Investigadora 2022 (#CNS2022-135228). JJC: Projects PID2021-123675OB-C43 and TED2021-129770B-C21 (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation). JK: DFG GRK 2010 Response. KC: ARIS -Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency, program P4-0015. LMW: DFG GRK 2010 Response. MB: MCID nucleu program, project PN23090303. MK: Supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia within the framework of the program technological development [451-03-65/2024-03/200169] and Science Fond of the Republic of Serbia [6686]. MP: Supported by University of Forestry, Sofia, Project No. B1219. MS: Czech Science and the project TRANSFER. TZ - D01-320/30.11.2023 LTER-BG. PJ: Czech Science and the project TRANSFER. TZ - D01-320/30.11.2023 LTER-BG. TZ: \u201CD01-320/30.11.2023 LTER-BG\u201D. WH: National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 32271973).
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