Nutrient and Bioactive Fraction Content of Olea europaea L. Leaves: Assessing the Impact of Drying Methods in a Comprehensive Study of Prominent Cultivars in Morocco
nutrient compounds; bioactive compounds; liquid chromatography; Moroccan cultivars
Abstract :
[en] This study explores the potential of olive leaves, long integral to Mediterranean traditional medicine, as a rich source of valuable compounds. The challenge lies in their considerable water content, hindering these compounds' full valorization. Four drying methods (air-drying, oven-drying, freeze-drying and solar-drying) were investigated for their impact on nutrient and bioactive compound content in the leaves of four olive varieties ("Arbequina", "Koroneiki", "Menara" and "Picholine Marocaine") cultivated in Morocco. In their fresh state, "Picholine Marocaine" exhibited the highest protein levels (6.11%), "Arbequina" had the highest phenolic content (20.18 mg gallic acid equivalents/g fresh weight (FW)), and "Koroneiki" and "Menara" were highest in flavonoids (3.28 mg quercetin equivalents/g FW). Specific drying methods proved optimal for different varieties. Oven-drying at 60 °C and 70 °C effectively preserved protein, while phenolic content varied with drying conditions. Air-drying and freeze-drying demonstrated effectiveness for flavonoids. In addition, an analytical approach using high-performance liquid chromatography and diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) was applied to investigate the effects of the different drying methods on the bioactive fraction of the analyzed samples. The results showed qualitative and quantitative differences depending on both the variety and the drying method used. A total of 11 phenolic compounds were tentatively identified, with oleuropein being the most abundant in all the samples analyzed. The freeze-dried samples showed the highest content of oleuropein in the varieties "Arbequina" and "Picholine Marocaine" compared to the other methods analyzed. In contrast, "Koroneiki" and "Menara" had higher oleuropein content when air dried. Overall, the obtained results highlight the importance of tailored drying techniques for the preservation of nutrients and bioactive compounds in olive leaves.
Disciplines :
Agriculture & agronomy Chemistry
Author, co-author :
Chaji, Salah; Laboratory of Food and Food By-Products Chemistry and Processing Technology, National School of Agriculture in Meknès, Meknès, Morocco ; Laboratory of Bioprocess and Bio-Interfaces, Faculty of Science and Techniques, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, M'Ghila, Beni Mellal, Morocco
Zenasni, Walid; Laboratory of Food and Food By-Products Chemistry and Processing Technology, National School of Agriculture in Meknès, Meknès, Morocco
Ouaabou, Rachida; Laboratory of Research and Development in Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Al Hoceima, Abdelmalek Essaadi University ; Al-Hoceima 32003, Morocco
Ajal, El; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, UPR of Pharmacognosy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, B.P., Morocco
Lahlali, Rachid; Laboratory of Food and Food By-Products Chemistry and Processing Technology, National School of Agriculture in Meknès, Meknès, Morocco
Fauconnier, Marie-Laure ; Université de Liège - ULiège > TERRA Research Centre > Chemistry for Sustainable Food and Environmental Systems (CSFES)
Hanine, Hafida; Laboratory of Bioprocess and Bio-Interfaces, Faculty of Science and Techniques, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, M'Ghila, Beni Mellal, Morocco
Černe, Marko; Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Poreč, Croatia
Pasković, Igor; Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Poreč, Croatia
Merah, Othmane; Laboratoire, Chimie Agro-Industrielle (LCA), Institut National de Recherche Agronomique et Environnement (INRAE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse (INPT), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France ; Département Génie Biologique, Institut Universitaire de Technologie Paul Sabatier, Université Paul Sabatier, Auch, France
Bajoub, Aadil; Laboratory of Food and Food By-Products Chemistry and Processing Technology, National School of Agriculture in Meknès, Meknès, Morocco ; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Ave. Fuentenueva s/n, Granada, Spain
Language :
English
Title :
Nutrient and Bioactive Fraction Content of Olea europaea L. Leaves: Assessing the Impact of Drying Methods in a Comprehensive Study of Prominent Cultivars in Morocco
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