[en] We report on the discovery of Gliese 12 b, the nearest transiting temperate, Earth-sized planet found to date. Gliese 12 is a bright (V = 12.6 mag, K = 7.8 mag) metal-poor M4V star only 12.162 ± 0.005 pc away from the Solar system with one of the lowest stellar activity levels known for M-dwarfs. A planet candidate was detected by TESS based on only 3 transits in sectors 42, 43, and 57, with an ambiguity in the orbital period due to observational gaps. We performed follow-up transit observations with CHEOPS and ground-based photometry with MINERVA-Australis, SPECULOOS, and Purple Mountain Observatory, as well as further TESS observations in sector 70. We statistically validate Gliese 12 b as a planet with an orbital period of 12.76144 ± 0.00006 d and a radius of 1.0 ± 0.1 R<SUB>⊕</SUB>, resulting in an equilibrium temperature of ~315 K. Gliese 12 b has excellent future prospects for precise mass measurement, which may inform how planetary internal structure is affected by the stellar compositional environment. Gliese 12 b also represents one of the best targets to study whether Earth-like planets orbiting cool stars can retain their atmospheres, a crucial step to advance our understanding of habitability on Earth and across the galaxy.
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Dholakia, Shishir; University of Southern Queensland, Centre for Astrophysics, West Street, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia<,IDsystem="ORCID">,0000-0001-6263-4437
Palethorpe, Larissa; Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Edinburgh, UK, -
Venner, Alexander; University of Southern Queensland, Centre for Astrophysics, West Street, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia<,IDsystem="ORCID">,0000-0002-8400-1646
Mortier, Annelies; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK<,IDsystem="ORCID">,0000-0001-7254-4363
Wilson, Thomas G.; University of Warwick, Department of Physics, -
Huang, Chelsea X.; University of Southern Queensland, Centre for Astrophysics, West Street, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia<,IDsystem="ORCID">,0000-0003-0918-7484
Van Eylen, Vincent; Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey, RH5 6NT, UK<,IDsystem="ORCID">,0000-0001-5542-8870
Nabbie, Emma; ANU, Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics
Cloutier, Ryan; Department of Physics &, Astronomy, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada<,IDsystem="ORCID">,0000-0001-5383-9393
Boschin, Walter; Fundación Galileo Galilei - INAF (Telescopio Nazionale Galileo), Rambla José Ana Fernández Perez 7, E-38712 Breña Baja (La Palma), Canary Islands, Spain, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, C/Vía Láctea s/n, E-38205 La Laguna (Tenerife), Canary Islands, Spain, Departamento de Astrofísica, Univ. de La Laguna, Av. del Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, E-38205 La Laguna (Tenerife), Canary Islands, Spain<,IDsystem="ORCID">,0000-0001-9978-9109
Ciardi, David; NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, IPAC, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA<,IDsystem="ORCID">,0000-0002-5741-3047
Delrez, Laetitia ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Exoplanets in Transit: Identification and Characterization
Dransfield, Georgina; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK<,IDsystem="ORCID">,0000-0002-3937-630X
Essack, Zahra; Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of New Mexico, 210 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA<,IDsystem="ORCID">,0000-0002-2482-0180
Everett, Mark E.; NSF's National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory, 950 N. Cherry Ave., Tucson, AZ 85719, USA<,IDsystem="ORCID">,0000-0002-0885-7215
Gillon, Michaël ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO)
Kunimoto, Michelle; Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA<,IDsystem="ORCID">,0000-0001-9269-8060
Latham, David W.; Center for Astrophysics | Harvard &, Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA<,IDsystem="ORCID">,0000-0001-9911-7388
López-Morales, Mercedes; Center for Astrophysics | Harvard &, Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA<,IDsystem="ORCID">,0000-0003-3204-8183
Li, Bin; CAS, Purple Mountain Observatory
Li, Fan; CAS, Purple Mountain Observatory
McDermott, Scott; Proto-Logic Consulting LLC, Washington, DC, USA
Murphy, Simon J.; University of Southern Queensland, Centre for Astrophysics, West Street, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia<,IDsystem="ORCID">,0000-0002-5648-3107
Murray, Catriona A.; Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of 34 Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
Seager, Sara; MIT, Center for Space Research/Kavli Institute, MIT, Department of Earth and Planetary Science, -
Triaud, Amaury; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK<,IDsystem="ORCID">,0000-0002-5510-8751
Turner, Daisy A.; University of Birmingham, School of Physics and Astronomy
Twicken, Joseph D.; CAS Key Laboratory of Planetary Sciences, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China<,IDsystem="ORCID">,0000-0002-6778-7552
Vanderburg, Andrew; Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA<,IDsystem="ORCID">,0000-0001-7246-5438
Wang, Su; CAS Key Laboratory of Planetary Sciences, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China<,IDsystem="ORCID">,0000-0002-4859-259X
Wittenmyer, Robert A.; University of Southern Queensland, Centre for Astrophysics, West Street, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia<,IDsystem="ORCID">,0000-0001-9957-9304
Wright, Duncan; University of Southern Queensland, Centre for Astrophysics, West Street, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia<,IDsystem="ORCID">,0000-0001-7294-5386
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