Onchocerciasis; River Olokemeji; River ogun; Simuliumdamnosium; Species diversity; Zooplankton and phytoplankton; Animals; Ecosystem; Environmental Monitoring/methods; Nigeria; Rivers; Simuliidae; Electrical conductivity; Onchocerciasi; Total dissolved solids; Total solids; Total suspended solids; Water samples; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Science (all); Pollution; Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Abstract :
[en] Onchocerciasis is a disease transmitted by blackfly vector of the genus Simuliumdamnosum complex having public and socio-economic consequences. The abundance of blackfly is directly linked to fluvial ecosystems in both tropical and non-tropical countries of the world. This study assessed the ecology of blackfly breeding sites in two tributaries of River Ogun located in Olokemeji and Lisa villages, Ogun State. A total of eighteen water samples were collected for physicochemical analysis during high rainfall (May, June and July), low rainfall (August, September and October) and dry season (November and December) with mean rainfall values of 163.17, 88.03 and 8.95 mm, respectively, in both tributaries. Physicochemical parameters such as temperature (oC), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, total solids (TS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), hardness (H), sulphate (SO4), phosphate (PO4), alkalinity, acidity, nitrate (NO3) and total dissolved solids (TDS) were analysed using standard laboratory methods. Digestive enzymes were analysed using 1 g of frozen gut of Simulium larvae grounded with 20 ml of 0.067 g of potassium hydrogen and 20 ml of 0.1 M sodium reagent. A total of 766 and 482 samples of Simulium larvae were collected from Olokemeji and Lisa tributaries using Eppendorf tubes. The zooplanktons collected from Olokemeji and Lisa tributary were 904 and 802, while phytoplanktons collected from Olokemeji and Lisa tributary were 635 and 582 during the study period. Data obtained were analysed using both descriptive analysis and T-test. The results obtained for the physicochemical parameters were 28.7 °C, 137.5 µS/cm, 6.3, 248.1 mg/L, 58 mg/L, 108.8 mg/L, 90.8 mg/L, 2.24 mg/L, 2.24 mg/L, 30.76 mg/L, 42.35 mg/L, 1.99 mg/L, 2.07 mg/L and 2.55 mg/L for Temperature, EC, pH, TS, DO, BOD, TSS, H, SO4, PO4, alkalinity, acidity, NO3 and TDS, respectively. There were significant (p < 0.05) differences between the means of EC, pH, TS, TDS, TSS and hardness of Lisa tributary, and water samples were also viewed under an electron microscope for zooplanktons and phytoplanktons. The values of species diversity which were greater than 0.5 indicated that the species were abundant and evenly distributed. There were significant (p < 0.05) differences between the tributaries in all the digestive enzymes except amylase content. The regression analysis between TSS, nitrate, sulphate, phosphate, acidity, hardness, TS, pH and Simulium larvae abundance showed a positive correlation, R2 with values of 0.828, 0.994, 0.948, 0.933, 0.986, 0.997, 0.889 and 0.981, respectively. The R2 values between Simulium larvae abundance with phytoplanktons and rainfall have values of 0.868 at p < 0.01 and 0.911 at p < 0.05.
Disciplines :
Environmental sciences & ecology
Author, co-author :
Ojekunle, Olusheyi Zaccheaus; Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
Esan, Rotimi Olabode; Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
Balogun, Mujeeb Adeyemi ; Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria ; Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Basque, Spain ; College of Science and Technology, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France ; Faculty of Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
Ademolu, Kehinde O; Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
Adegoke, Kayode Adesina ; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa. kwharyourday@gmail.com
Taiwo, Adewale Matthew; Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
Language :
English
Title :
Ecological assessment of Black Fly (Simuliumdamnosum, Sensulato) breeding sites in two tributaries of Ogun river, Ogun state, Nigeria.
Publication date :
2022
Journal title :
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
ISSN :
0167-6369
eISSN :
1573-2959
Publisher :
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, Netherlands
All authors acknowledge their universities for the enabling platform to carry out this research. K. A. Adegoke acknowledges the Global Excellence Stature (GES) 4.0 Postdoctoral Fellowships Fourth Industrial Revolution and the University of Johannesburg, South Africa.
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