techniques: radial velocities; planets and satellites: gaseous; planets; planets and satellites: general; planets and satellites:; individual: TOI-1135 b; stars: solar-type; Astrophysics - Earth and; Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract :
[en] Despite the thousands of planets in orbit around stars known to date, the mechanisms of planetary formation, migration, and atmospheric loss remain unresolved. In this work, we confirm the planetary nature of a young Saturn-size planet transiting a solar-type star every 8.03 d, TOI-1135 b. The age of the parent star is estimated to be in the interval of 125-1000 Myr based on various activity and age indicators, including its stellar rotation period of 5.13 ± 0.27 days and the intensity of photospheric lithium. We obtained follow-up photometry and spectroscopy, including precise radial velocity measurements using the CARMENES spectrograph, which together with the TESS data allowed us to fully characterise the parent star and its planet. As expected for its youth, the star is rather active and shows strong photometric and spectroscopic variability correlating with its rotation period. We modelled the stellar variability using Gaussian process regression. We measured the planetary radius at 9.02 ± 0.23 R<SUB>⊕</SUB> (0.81 ± 0.02 R<SUB>Jup</SUB>) and determined a 3σ upper limit of < 51.4 M<SUB>⊕</SUB> (< 0.16 M<SUB>Jup</SUB>) on the planetary mass by adopting a circular orbit. Our results indicate that TOI-1135 b is an inflated planet less massive than Saturn or Jupiter but with a similar radius, which could be in the process of losing its atmosphere by photoevaporation. This new young planet occupies a region of the mass-radius diagram where older planets are scarse, and it could be very helpful to understanding the lower frequency of planets with sizes between Neptune and Saturn.
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Mallorquín, M.; Astrophysical Institute of the Canaries, University of La Laguna, Department of Astrophysics
Lodieu, N.; Astrophysical Institute of the Canaries, University of La Laguna, Department of Astrophysics
Béjar, V. J. S.; Astrophysical Institute of the Canaries, University of La Laguna, Department of Astrophysics
Zapatero Osorio, M. R.; Center for Astrobiology, Madrid
Sanz-Forcada, J.; Center for Astrobiology, Madrid
Alarcon, M. R.; Astrophysical Institute of the Canaries, University of La Laguna, Department of Astrophysics
Tabernero, H. M.; Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics, Madrid
Nagel, E.; University of Gottingen, Institute for Astrophysics
Collins, K. A.; Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Ciardi, D. R.; Infrared Processing and Analysis Center
Serra-Ricart, M.; Light Bridges S. L., Avda., Alcalde Ramírez Bethencourt 17, 35004, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canarias, Spain, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Calle Vía Láctea s/n, 38205, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain , Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Orell-Miquel, J.; Astrophysical Institute of the Canaries, University of La Laguna, Department of Astrophysics
Barkaoui, Khalid ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Exoplanets in Transit: Identification and Characterization
Burdanov, A.; MIT, Department of Earth and Planetary Science
de Wit, J.; MIT, Department of Earth and Planetary Science
Everett, M. E.; National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Arizona
Gillon, Michaël ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO)
Jensen, E. L. N.; Swarthmore College, Department of Physics and Astronomy
Murphy, L. G.; Kutztown University of Pennsylvania
Reed, P. A.; Kutztown University of Pennsylvania
Safonov, B.; MSU, Sternberg Astronomical Institute
Strakhov, I. A.; MSU, Sternberg Astronomical Institute
Ziegler, C.; Stephen F Austin State University, Texas
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