Expertis medicis videatur: Legal Medical Expertise in the Apostolic Chancery’s Assessment of Personal Injury Damages during the Avignon Period (1309–1378)

Dubourg, Ninon

doi:10.4324/9781003452324-13

Contribution to collective works (Parts of books)

Expertis medicis videatur: Legal Medical Expertise in the Apostolic Chancery’s Assessment of Personal Injury Damages during the Avignon Period (1309–1378)

Dubourg, Ninon

2024 • In Turner Wendy (Ed.) Art of illness

Editorial reviewed

Permalink
https://hdl.handle.net/2268/318653

DOI
10.4324/9781003452324-13

Files (1)Send to Details Statistics Bibliography Similar publications

Files

Full Text

DUBOURG_Expertis Medicis.pdf

Author postprint (512.32 kB)

Request a copy

All documents in ORBi are protected by a user license.

Send to

RIS BibTex APA Chicago Permalink X Linkedin

Details

Abstract :

[en] The pontifical institution was one of the first, and certainly most influential, organizations to devote significant resources to the investigation led to assess personal injury. In this chapter, I examine the role of forensic medicine in the institution’s adjudication procedures between 1309 and 1378, while the papacy was resident in Avignon. A modern public policy typically foregrounds a personalized conception of disability in assessing personal injury and any associated damages, taking into account the interaction between an individual and his or her environment alongside doctors’ expertise and any valid insurance policies. It appears that this personalized vision of disability is very close to the model used by the Apostolic Chancery at the end of the medieval period. An analysis of the petitions received by the Chancery and the letters sent in return during the Avignon period demonstrates that the Curia recognized the condition of disabled individuals who, within the limits of the law, wished to adapt their duties, as clerics and as Christians, according to their physical limitations. In these documents, the physicians appeared as medical authorities, advisors, or decision makers, entrusted to justify, evaluate, or verify the personal injury damages report.

Disciplines :

History

Author, co-author :

Dubourg, Ninon ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences historiques > Histoire du Moyen Age tardif et de la Renaissance

Language :

English

Title :

Expertis medicis videatur: Legal Medical Expertise in the Apostolic Chancery’s Assessment of Personal Injury Damages during the Avignon Period (1309–1378)

Publication date :

2024

Main work title :

Art of illness

Author, co-author :

Turner Wendy

Publisher :

Routledge, New York, United States

ISBN/EAN :

9781003452324

Peer reviewed :

Editorial reviewed

Available on ORBi :

since 27 May 2024

Statistics

Number of views

13 (2 by ULiège)

Number of downloads

2 (0 by ULiège)

More statistics

Scopus citations^®

Scopus citations^®
without self-citations

OpenAlex citations

Bibliography

Aquinas, Thomas. Disputed Questions. Translated by Urban Hannon for The Aquinas Institute. January 10, 2022. https://aquinas.cc/.
Aquinas, Thomas. Summa Theologiae I-II, q. 77, article 3, “Whether a Sin Committed Through Passion Should Be Called a Sin of Weakness?” Translated by Laurence Shapcote for The Aquinas Institute. December 31, 2021. https://aquinas.cc/.
Auvray, Lucien, et al., eds. Les registres de Grégoire IX: recueil des bulles de ce pape. Paris: Albert Fontemoing, 1896.
Avril, François, et al., eds. Urbain V (1362–1370): lettres communes analysées d’après les registres dits d’Avignon et du Vatican. Paris: BEFRA, 1954.
Baluze, Étienne, and G. Mollat, eds. Vitae Paparum Avenionensium, hoc est, Historia Pontificium Romanorum qui in Gallia sederunt ab anno Christi 1305 usque ad annum 1394. Paris: Letouzey, 1921
Barbiche, Bernard, ed. Les actes pontificaux originaux des archives nationales de Paris 1, 1198–1261. Vatican: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 1975.
The Benedictine Monks. Registres de Clément V. Paris: E. de Boccard, 1948.
Coulon, Auguste, and Suzanne Clemencet, eds. Lettres secrètes et curiales du pape Jean XXII (1316–1334) relatives à la France. Paris: Boccard, 1961.
de Loye, Joseph, Pierre de Cenival, Auguste Coulon, and Charles de La Roncière, eds. Les registres d’Alexandre IV: recueil des bulles de ce pape. Paris: Boccard, 1953.
Ferraris, Lucius, and Jacques-Paul Migne. Prompta bibliotheca, canonica, juridica, moralis, theologica, nec non ascetica, polemica, rubricistica, historica (org. Paris: J.P. Migne, 1861). Edited by Emil Von Ottenthal, in Regulae cancellariae apostolicae. Die päpstlichen Kanzleiregeln von Johannes XXII bis Nikolaus V. Aalen: Scientia-Verlag, 1968.
Gratiani, Decretum Gratiani, in Corpus Iuris Canonici I. Edited by Emil Friedberg (Liepzig, 1878; reprint Styria: Graz, 1956). Online with Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich. https://geschichte.digitale-sammlungen.de/decretum-gratiani/online/angebot.
Hardouin. Conciliorum Collectio Regia Maxima: Act Conciliorum, 12 vols. Paris: Ex Typographia Regia, 1714–15.
Hayez, Anne-Marie, Janine Mathieu, and Marie-France Yvan, eds. Urbain V: suppliques de 1362 à 1365 (années I à IV). Turnhout: Brepols, 1978.
Henry of Segusio, Summa Aurea. Venice: Bernardo Giunta, 1570, 1.20.
Lea, Henry C. A Formulary of the Papal Penitentiary in the Thirteenth Century. Philadelphia: Lea, 1892.
Pressutti, Pietro, ed. I regesti del pontefice Onorio III dall’anno 1216 all’anno 1227. Rome: Tipogr. A. Befani, 1884.
Verheijen, Luc, ed. La Règle de saint Augustin. Paris: Études augustiniennes, 1967.
Amundsen, Darrel W., and Gary B. Ferngren. “The Forensic Role of Physicians in Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 52–53 (Fall 1978): 336–53.
Barnes, Colin. “A Legacy of Oppression: A History of Disability in Western Culture.” In Disability Studies: Past, Present and Future, edited by Len Barton and Michael Oliver, 3–24. Leeds: Disability Press, 1997.
Barraclough, Geoffrey. Public Notaries and the Papal Curia; A Calendar and a Study of a Formularium Notariorum Curie From the Early Years of the Fourteenth Century. London: Macmillan and Co., 1934.
Brandli Fabrice, et al. Les corps meurtris. Investigations judiciaires et expertises médico-légales au xviiie siècle. Rennes: Presses Universitaires de Rennes, 2014.
Bruce, Christopher J., Kelly A. Rathje, and Laura J. Weir. Assessment of Personal Injury Damages. 6th ed. Toronto: LexisNexis Canada, 2019.
Butler, Sarah M. Forensic Medicine and Death Investigation in Medieval England. New York: Routledge, 2016.
Carmichael, Ann G. “The Legal Foundations of Post-Mortem Diagnosis in Later Medieval Milan.” In Death and Disease in the Medieval and Early Modern World: Perspectives From Across the Mediterranean and Beyond, edited by Lori Jones and Nükhet Varlık. York: York Medieval Press, 2022.
Carraway-Vitiello, Joanna. “Forensic Evidence, Lay Witnesses and Medical Expertise in the Criminal Courts of Late Medieval Italy.” In Medicine and the Law in the Middle Ages, edited by Wendy J. Turner and Sarah M. Butler, 133–56. Leiden: Brill, 2014. Ceccarelli, Giovanni. Il gioco e il peccato. Economia e rischio nel tardo Medioevo. Bologna: Il Mulino, 2003.
Chandelier, Joël, and Marilyn Nicoud. “Les médecins en justice (Bologne, xiiie-xive siècles).” In Experts et expertise au Moyen Âge. “Consilium quaeritur a perito”, 149–60. Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne, 2012.
Chiffoleau, Jacques. La Comptabilité de l’au-delà: les hommes, la mort et la religion dans la région d’Avignon à la fin du Moyen Âge (~1320-~1480). Paris: Albin Michel, 2011.
Collard, Franck. “Secundum artem et peritiam medicine. Les expertises dans les affaires d’empoisonnement à la fin du Moyen Âge.” In Expertises et conseils au Moyen Âge, 161–73. Paris: Pub. de la Sorbonne, 2012.
Collard, Franck, and Evelyne Samama, eds. Handicaps et sociétés dans l’histoire. Condé sur Noireau: L’Harmattan, 2010.
Crislip, Andrew T. From Monastery to Hospital: Christian Monasticism and the Transformation of Health Care in Late Antiquity. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2008.
Crumplin, Sally. “Modernizing St Cuthbert: Reginald of Durham’s Miracles Collection.” In Signs, Wonders, Miracles. Representations of Divine Power in the Life of the Church, 179–91. Woodbridge: Boydell, 2005.
Darricau-Lugat, Caroline. “Regards sur la profession médicale en France médiévale (xiie-xve).” In Cahiers de recherches médiévales et humanistes, vol. 6. Vulgariser la science: les encyclopédies médiévales, 1999. https://journals.openedition.org/crm/939.
Delattre, Valérie, ed. Décrypter la difference. Paris: CQFD, 2009.
Dubourg, Ninon. “Clerical Leprosy and the Ecclesiastical Office: Dis/Ability and Canon Law.” In New Approaches to Disease, Disability, and Medicine in Medieval Europe, edited by Erin Connelly and Stefanie Künzel, 62–77. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2018.
Dubourg, Ninon. “Deo iudicio percusset - l’idée de contamination d’après les suppliques et les lettres pontificales.” In Alter-habilitas. Perception of Disability Among People, Towards the Creation of an International Network of Studies, edited by Sylvia Cararo, 89–114. Vérone: Alteritas, 2018.
Dubourg, Ninon. “L’incapacité dans les lettres de dispenses pontificales: aller à l’encontre de la réglementation ecclésiastique médiévale pour franchir la clôture.” In L’exception et la Règle, les pratiques d’entrée et de sortie des couvents, de la fin du Moyen Âge au XIXe siècle, edited by Albrecht Burkardt and Alexandra Roger, 41–54. Rennes: Presse universitaire de Rennes, 2022.
Esch, Arnold. “Medicina del tardo Medioevo. Testimonianze di pazienti e medici nelle suppliche della Penitenzieria Apostolica.” Bullettino dell’Istituto storico italiano per il medio evo 119 (2017): 375–404.
Eyler, Joshua, ed. Disability in the Middle Ages: Reconsiderations and Reverberations. Farnham: Ashgate, 2010.
Farragud, Carmel. “Expert Examination of Wounds in the Criminal Court of Justice in Cocentaina (Kingdom of Valencia) During the Late Middle Ages.”. In Medicine and the Law in the Middle Ages, edited by Wendy J. Turner and Sarah M. Butler, 109–32. Leiden: Brill, 2014.
Freedman, Paul. “Food Histories of the Middle Ages.”. In Writing Food History: A Global Perspective, edited by Kyri W. Claflin and Peter Scholliers, 24–37. London: Berg, 2012.
Getz, Faye M. Healing and Society in Medieval England: A Middle English Translation of the Pharmaceutical Writings of Gilbertus Anglicus. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1991.
Gil-Sostres, Pedro. “Les régimes de santé.” In Histoire de la pensée médicale en occident. 1, Antiquité et Moyen Âge, edited by Mirko D. Grmek, 257–82. Paris: Édition du Seuil, 1995.
Goetz, Hans-Werner. “ ‘Debilis’. Vorstellungen von menschlicher Gebrechlichkeit im frühen Mittelalter.” In Homo debilis: Behinderte, Kranke, Versehrte in der Gesellschaft des Mittelalters, edited by Cordula Nolte, 21–56. Korb: Didymos-Verlag, 2009.
Grévin, Benoît. Rhétorique du pouvoir médiéval: les lettres de Pierre de la Vigne et la formation du langage politique européen (xiiie-xve siècles). Rome: École française de Rome, 2013.
Hacking, Ian. The Social Construction of What? Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999.
Jacquart, Danielle. “The Introduction of Arabic Medicine into the West. The Question of Etiology.” In Health, Disease and Healing in Medieval Culture, edited by Sheila D. Campbell, 186–95, vol. III. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1997.
Jacquart, Danielle. Le milieu médical en France du xiie au xve siècle. Genève: Droz, 1981.
Jamme, Armand. “Écrire pour le pape du xie au xive siècle. Formes et problems.” Mélanges de l’École française de Rome—Moyen Âge 128–1 (2016). https://journals.openedition.org/mefrm/3121.
Koopmans, Rachel. Wonderful to Relate: Miracle Stories and Miracle Collecting in High Medieval England. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011.
Kuuliala, Jenni. Childhood Disability and Social Integration in the Middle Ages: Constructions of Impairments in Thirteenth and Fourteenth-Century Canonization Processes. Turnhout: Brepols, 2016.
Le Goff, Jacques. “1274, année charnière: mutations et continuités.” In Actes du colloque international du Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 481–89. Paris: Édition du CNRS, 1977. Re-edited and published in Jacques Le Goff, Pour un autre Moyen Âge: temps, travail et culture en Occident: 18 essais. Paris: Gallimard, 2013.
Lett, Didier. “Judicium Medicine and Judicium Sanctitatis. Medical Doctors in the Canonization Process of Nicholas of Tolentino (1325): Experts Subject to the Inquisitorial Logic.” In Church and Belief in the Middle Ages. Popes, Saints, and Crusaders, edited by Kirsi Salonen and Sari Katajala-Peltomaa, 153–70. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2016.
Lisi, Oliver. The Body Legal in Barbarian Law. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2011.
Mazel, Florian. La noblesse et l’Église en Provence, fin xe-début xive siècle. Paris: Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques—CTHS, 2002.
Mellyn, Elizabeth W. Mad Tuscans and Their Families: A History of Mental Disorder in Early Modern Italy. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2014.
Metzler, Irina. Disability in Medieval Europe: Thinking About Physical Impairment During the High Middle Ages, c. 1100–1400. London: Routledge, 2006.
Metzler, Irina. Fools and Idiots? Intellectual Disability in the Middle Ages. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2016.
Metzler, Irina. A Social History of Disability in the Middle Ages: Cultural Considerations of Physical Impairment. London: Routledge, 2013.
Montford, Angela. “Fit to Preach and Pray: Considerations of Occupational Health in the Mendicant Orders.” In The Use and Abuse of Time in Christian History, edited by R. N. Swanson, 95–106. Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 2002.
Morley, Neville. Theories, Models, and Concepts in Ancient History. London: Routledge, 2004.
Naveau, Anne-Marie. “Quelques réflexions concernant le nouveau rôle du médecin-expert en droit commun.” In Justice et dommage corporel: Panorama du handicap au travers des divers systèmes d’aide et de reparation, edited by Jean-Pol Beauthier. Bruxelles: Larcier, 2011.
Nicoud, Marilyn. Le prince et le médecin. Pensée et pratiques médicales à Milan (1402–1476). Rome: École française de Rome, 2014.
Nicoud, Marilyn. Les régimes de santé au Moyen Âge: naissance et diffusion d’une écriture médicale, xiiie-xve siècle. Rome: École française de Rome, 2007.
Nolte, Cordula, ed. Homo debilis: Behinderte, Kranke, Versehrte in der Gesellschaft des Mittelalters. Korb: Didymos-Verlag, 2009.
Oliver, Michael. “A New Model of the Social Work Role in Relation to Disability.”. In The Handicapped Person: A New Perspective for Social Workers? edited by Jo Campling, 19–32. London: RADAR, 1981.
O’Neill, Ynez V. “Innocent III and the Evolution of Anatomy.” Medical History 20, no. 4 (1976): 429–33.
Ostinelli, Paolo. “I chierici e il “defectus corporis”: Definizioni canonistiche, suppliche, dispense.” In Deformità fisica e identità della persona tra medioevo ed età moderna, edited by Gian Maria Varanini, 3–30. Firenze: University of Firenze, 2015.
Paravicini Bagliani, Agostino. La cour des papes au xiiie siècle. Paris: Hachette, 1995.
Paravicini Bagliani. Medicina e scienze della natura alla corte dei papi nel Duecento. Spoleto: Centro italiano di studi sull’alto Medioevo, 1991.
Parlopiano, Brandon. “Propter deformitatem: Towards a Concept of Disability in Medieval Canon Law.” Canadian Journal of Disability Studies 4, no. 3 (2015): 72-102.
Pfau, Sasha. Medieval Communities and the Mad: Narratives of Crime and Mental Illness in Late Medieval France. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020.
Picot, Johan. “ ‘La Purge’: une expertise juridicomédicale de la lèpre en Auvergne au Moyen Âge.” Revue historique 66, no. 22 (2012): 292–321.
Riha, Ortrun. “Chronisch Kranke in der medizinischen Fachliteratur des Mittelalters. Eine Suche nach der Patientenperspektive.” In Homo debilis: Behinderte, Kranke, Versehrte in der Gesellschaft des Mittelalters, edited by Cordula Nolte, 99–120. Korb: Didymos-Verlag, 2009.
Robert, Aurélien. “Contagion morale et transmission des maladies: histoire d’un chiasme (xiiie-xixe siècle).” Tracés. Revue de Sciences humaines 21 (2011): 41–60.
Rundlett III, Ellsworth T. Maximizing Damages in Small Personal Injury Cases. 22nd ed. Costa Mesa: James Publications, 2021.
Shatzmiller, Joseph. Médecine et justice en Provence médiévale, Documents de Manosque, 1262–1348. Aix-en-Provence: Publications de l’Université de Provence, 1989.
Snyder, Sharon L., and David T. Mitchell. Cultural Locations of Disability. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006.
Stiker, Henri Jacques. Corps infirmes et sociétés: Essais d’anthropologie historique. 3rd ed. Paris: Aubier, 1982.
Ternon, Maud. Juger les fous au Moyen Âge: dans les tribunaux royaux en France xivexve siècles. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 2018.
Touati, François-Olivier. Maladie et société au Moyen Âge: la lèpre, les lépreux et les léproseries dans la province ecclésiastique de Sens jusqu’au milieu du xive siècle. Bruxelles: De Boeck, 1998.
Turner, Wendy J. Care and Custody of the Mentally Ill, Incompetent, and Disabled in Medieval England. Turnhout: Brepols, 2013.
Turner, Wendy J, ed. Madness in Medieval Law and Custom. Leiden: Brill, 2010.
Turner, Wendy J. “Medieval English Understanding of Mental Illness and Parallel Diagnosis to Contemporary Neuroscience.” In Cognitive sciences and medieval studies: An introduction, edited by Juliana Dresvina and Victoria Blud. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2020.
Turner, Wendy J. “Models of Disability: Connecting the Past to the Present.” Zeitschrift für Disability Studies 1 (2022). https://diglib.uibk.ac.at/zds/content/titleinfo/7323860/full.pdf.
Turner, Wendy J., and Tory V. Pearman, eds. The Treatment of Disabled Persons in Medieval Europe: Examining Disability in the Historical, Legal, Literary, Medical, and Religious Discourses of the Middle Ages. Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press, 2010.
Verger, Jacques. “Que peut-on attendre d’un traitement automatique des suppliques?” Publications de l’École française de Rome 31, no. 1 (1977): 73-78.
Vigarello, Georges. Le sain et le malsain: santé et mieux-être depuis le Moyen Âge. Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 1993.
Whalen, Brett E. Dominion of God. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2010.
Yearl, M. K. K. “Medieval Monastic Customaries on Minuti and Infirmi”, p. 175-194. In The Medieval Hospital and Medical Practice, edited by Barbara S. Bowers. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007.
Ziegler, Joseph. “Practitioners and Saints: Medical Men in Canonization Processes in the Thirteenth to Fifteenth Centuries.” Social History of Medicine 12, no. 2 (1999): 191-225.
Zutshi, Patrick N. R. “The Office of Notary in the Papal Chancery in the Midfourteenth Century.” In Forschungen zur Reichs-, Papst- und Landesgeschichte, edited by Enno Bünz, Karl Borchhardt and Peter Herd, vol. 2, 665–83. Stuttgart: Hiersemann, 1998.
Zutshi, Patrick N. R. “The Political and Administrative Correspondence of the Avignon Popes, 1305–1378: A Contribution to Papal Diplomatic.” In Aux origines de l’État moderne. Le fonctionnement administratif de la papauté d’Avignon, 371–84. Rome: École française de Rome, 1991.