astro-ph.EP; astro-ph.SR; Space and Planetary Science; Astronomy and Astrophysics
Abstract :
[en] We present the characterisation of an inner mini-Neptune in a
9.2292005$\pm$0.0000063 day orbit and an outer mono-transiting sub-Saturn
planet in a 95.50$^{+0.36}_{-0.25}$ day orbit around the moderately active,
bright (mv=8.9 mag) K5V star TOI-2134. Based on our analysis of five sectors of
TESS data, we determine the radii of TOI-2134b and c to be 2.69$\pm$0.16
R$_{e}$ for the inner planet and 7.27$\pm$0.42 R$_{e}$ for the outer one. We
acquired 111 radial-velocity spectra with HARPS-N and 108 radial-velocity
spectra with SOPHIE. After careful periodogram analysis, we derive masses for
both planets via Gaussian Process regression: 9.13$^{+0.78}_{-0.76}$ M$_{e}$
for TOI-2134b and 41.86$^{+7.69}_{-7.83}$ M$_{e}$ for TOI-2134c. We analysed
the photometric and radial-velocity data first separately, then jointly. The
inner planet is a mini-Neptune with density consistent with either a
water-world or a rocky core planet with a low-mass H/He envelope. The outer
planet has a bulk density similar to Saturn's. The outer planet is derived to
have a significant eccentricity of 0.67$^{+0.05}_{-0.06}$ from a combination of
photometry and RVs. We compute the irradiation of TOI-2134c as 1.45$\pm$0.10
times the bolometric flux received by Earth, positioning it for part of its
orbit in the habitable sone of its system. We recommend further RV observations
to fully constrain the orbit of TOI-2134c. With an expected Rossiter-McLaughlin
(RM) effect amplitude of 7.2$\pm$1.3 m/s, we recommend TOI-2134c for follow-up
RM analysis to study the spin-orbit architecture of the system. We calculate
the Transmission Spectroscopy Metric, and both planets are suitable for
bright-mode NIRCam atmospheric characterisation.
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Rescigno, F. ; Department of Astrophysics, University of Exeter , Stocker Rd, Exeter EX4 4QL , UK
Hébrard, G.; Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, UMR7095 CNRS, Université Pierre and Marie Curie , 98bis Boulevard Arago, F-75014 Paris , France ; Observatoire de Haute-Provence, CNRS, Université d’Aix-Marseille , 04870 Saint-Michel-l’Observatoire , France
Vanderburg, A. ; Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 , USA
Mann, A. W.; Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC 27599 , USA
Mortier, A. ; Department of Astrophysics, University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT , UK
Morrell, S.; Department of Astrophysics, University of Exeter , Stocker Rd, Exeter EX4 4QL , UK
Buchhave, L. A. ; DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark , Elektrovej 328, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
Collins, K. A.; Center for Astrophysics| Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 , USA
Mann, C. R. ; Trottier Institute for Research on Exoplanets (iREx)), Université de Montréal , Complexe des Sciences, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7 , Canada ; Département de Physique, Université de Montréal , 1375 Avenue Th érèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montreal, QC, H2V 0B3 , Canada
Hellier, C.; Astrophysics Group, Keele University , Staffordshire, ST5 5BG , UK
Haywood, R. D.; Department of Astrophysics, University of Exeter , Stocker Rd, Exeter EX4 4QL , UK
West, R.; Department of Physics, University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL , UK
Stalport, Manu ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Unités de recherche interfacultaires > Space sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR) ; Observatoire de Geneéve, Université de Geneéve , Chemin de Pegasi, 51, CH-1290 Versoix , Switzerland
Heidari, N.; Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, UMR7095 CNRS, Université Pierre and Marie Curie , 98bis Boulevard Arago, F-75014 Paris , France
Anderson, D.; Department of Physics, University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL , UK
Huang, C. X.; Centre for Astrophysics, University of Southern Queensland , West Street, Toowoomba, QLD 4350 Australia
López-Morales, M.; Center for Astrophysics| Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 , USA
Cortés-Zuleta, P.; Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, Université de Provence , UMR6110 CNRS, 38 rue F. Joliot Curie, F-13388 Marseille cedex 13 , France
Lewis, H. M.; Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218 , USA
Dumusque, X.; Observatoire de Geneéve, Université de Geneéve , Chemin de Pegasi, 51, CH-1290 Versoix , Switzerland
Boisse, I.; Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES , 13388 Marseille CEDEX 13 , France
Rowden, P. ; Royal Astronomical Society , Burlington House, Piccadilly, London W1J 0BQ , UK
Collier Cameron, A. ; SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews, KY169SS , UK ; Centre for Exoplanet Science, University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews, KY169SS , UK
Deleuil, M.; Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, Université de Provence , UMR6110 CNRS, 38 rue F. Joliot Curie, F-13388 Marseille cedex 13 , France
Vezie, M.; Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 , USA
Pepe, F. A.; Observatoire de Geneéve, Université de Geneéve , Chemin de Pegasi, 51, CH-1290 Versoix , Switzerland
Charbonneau, D.; Center for Astrophysics| Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 , USA
Rice, K.; SUPA, Institute for Astronomy, Royal Observatory, University of Edinburgh , Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ , UK ; Centre for Exoplanet Science, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh EH9 3FD , UK
Demangeon, O.; Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP , Rua das Estrelas, 4150–762 Porto , Portugal
Quinn, S. N.; Center for Astrophysics| Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 , USA
Udry, S.; Observatoire de Geneéve, Université de Geneéve , Chemin de Pegasi, 51, CH-1290 Versoix , Switzerland
Winn, J. N.; Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , Princeton, NJ 08544 , USA
Sozzetti, A. ; INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino , Strada Osservatorio, 20 I-10025 Pino Torinese (TO) , Italy
Hoyer, S.; Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, Université de Provence , UMR6110 CNRS, 38 rue F. Joliot Curie, F-13388 Marseille cedex 13 , France
Seager, S.; Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 , USA ; Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 , USA ; Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 , USA
Wilson, T. G.; SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews, KY169SS , UK ; Centre for Exoplanet Science, University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews, KY169SS , UK
Dalal, S.; Department of Astrophysics, University of Exeter , Stocker Rd, Exeter EX4 4QL , UK
Martioli, E.; Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, UMR7095 CNRS, Université Pierre and Marie Curie , 98bis Boulevard Arago, F-75014 Paris , France ; Laboratório Nacional de Astrofísica , Rua Estados Unidos 154, 37504–364, Itajubá—MG , Brazil
Striegel, S.; SETI Institute , Mountain View, CA 94043 , USA ; NASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field, CA 94035 , USA
Boschin, W.; Fundación Galileo Galilei – INAF (Telescopio Nazionale Galileo) , Rambla J. A. F. Perez 7, E-38712 Breña Baja (La Palma), Canary Islands , Spain ; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias , C/Vía Láctea s/n, E-38205 La Laguna (Tenerife), Canary Islands , Spain ; Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna , Av. del Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, E-38205 La Laguna (Tenerife), Canary Islands , Spain
Dragomir, D.; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico , 210 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 , USA
Martínez Fiorenzano, A. F.; Fundación Galileo Galilei – INAF (Telescopio Nazionale Galileo) , Rambla J. A. F. Perez 7, E-38712 Breña Baja (La Palma), Canary Islands , Spain
Cosentino, R.; Fundación Galileo Galilei – INAF (Telescopio Nazionale Galileo) , Rambla J. A. F. Perez 7, E-38712 Breña Baja (La Palma), Canary Islands , Spain
Ghedina, A.; Fundación Galileo Galilei – INAF (Telescopio Nazionale Galileo) , Rambla J. A. F. Perez 7, E-38712 Breña Baja (La Palma), Canary Islands , Spain
Malavolta, L.; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia ‘Galileo Galilei’, Università degli Studi di Padova , Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 3, I-35122 Padova , Italy ; INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova , Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova , Italy
Affer, L.; INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo , Piazza del Parlamento 1, I-90134 Palermo , Italy
Lakeland, B. S.; Department of Astrophysics, University of Exeter , Stocker Rd, Exeter EX4 4QL , UK
Nicholson, B. A.; Centre for Astrophysics, University of Southern Queensland , West Street, Toowoomba, QLD 4350 , Australia ; Sub-department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford , Keble Rd, OX13RH, Oxford , UK
Foschino, S.; Observatoire des Baronnies Provençales , F-05150 Moydans , France
Wünsche, A.; Observatoire des Baronnies Provençales , F-05150 Moydans , France
Barkaoui, Khalid ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Exoplanets in Transit: Identification and Characterization ; Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 , USA ; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias , C/Vía Láctea s/n, E-38205 La Laguna (Tenerife), Canary Islands , Spain
Randolph, J.; American Association of Variable Star Observers , 185 Alewife Brook Parkway, Cambridge, MA 02138 , USA
Guillet, B.; American Association of Variable Star Observers , 185 Alewife Brook Parkway, Cambridge, MA 02138 , USA
Conti, D. M.; American Association of Variable Star Observers , 185 Alewife Brook Parkway, Cambridge, MA 02138 , USA
Ghachoui, Mourad ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Astrobiology ; Oukaimeden Observatory, High Energy Physics and Astrophysics Laboratory, Cadi Ayyad University , Abdelkrim Khattabi Avenue, Marrakech, 40000 , Morocco
Gillon, Michaël ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO)
Benkhaldoun, Z.; Oukaimeden Observatory, High Energy Physics and Astrophysics Laboratory, Cadi Ayyad University , Abdelkrim Khattabi Avenue, Marrakech, 40000 , Morocco
Pozuelos, F. J.; Astrobiology Research Unit, Université de Liège , 19C Allée du 6 Août, B-4000 Liège , Belgium ; Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC) , Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, E-18008 Granada , Spain
Muñoz, J. A.; Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universidad de Valencia , E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia , Spain ; Observatorio Astronómico, Universidad de Valencia , E-46980 Paterna, Valencia , Spain
Forés-Toribio, R.; Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universidad de Valencia , E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia , Spain ; Observatorio Astronómico, Universidad de Valencia , E-46980 Paterna, Valencia , Spain
INAF - National Institute of Astrophysics University of Exeter University of Edinburgh NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration CIT - California Institute of Technology
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