Thermal Energy Management in Vehicles

Lemort, Vincent; Olivier, Gérard; de Pelsemaeker, Georges

doi:10.1002/9781119251767

No full text

Book published as author, translator, etc. (Books)

Thermal Energy Management in Vehicles

Lemort, Vincent; Olivier, Gérard; de Pelsemaeker, Georges

2023 • wiley

Editorial reviewed

Permalink
https://hdl.handle.net/2268/317498

DOI
10.1002/9781119251767

Files (0)Send to Details Statistics Bibliography Similar publications

Files

Full Text

No document available.

Send to

RIS BibTex APA Chicago Permalink X Linkedin

Details

Keywords :

Engineering (all)

Abstract :

[en] In Thermal Energy Management in Vehicles, a team of distinguished researchers delivers a robust and authoritative account of thermal energy management systems and components in vehicles. Covering three main areas—the thermal management of internal combustion engines, mobile air-conditioning, and thermal management of hybrid electric vehicles and electric vehicles—the book discusses and proposes simulation models for many of the components and systems introduced in the book. The authors also cover state-of-the-art and emerging technologies, as well as likely future industry trends, and offer an accompanying website with supplementary materials like downloadable models. Readers will also find: • Material that bridges the gap between academia and industry • Proposed simulation models for vehicular components and systems • Fulsome discussions of industry trends likely to take hold in the near future • Accompanying online resources, including downloadable simulation models, on a complimentary website Perfect for researchers, graduate students, and practitioners in automotive engineering, Thermal Energy Management in Vehicles will also benefit anyone seeking a comprehensive treatment of vehicular thermal energy management systems and components.

Disciplines :

Energy

Author, co-author :

Lemort, Vincent ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'aérospatiale et mécanique > Thermodynamique appliquée

Olivier, Gérard; Renault, France

de Pelsemaeker, Georges; Valeo Thermal Systems, University of Liège, Belgium

Language :

English

Title :

Thermal Energy Management in Vehicles

Publication date :

2023

Publisher :

wiley

ISBN/EAN :

978-1-119-25176-7
978-1-119-25175-0

Number of pages :

1 - 320

Peer reviewed :

Editorial reviewed

Additional URL :

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9781119251767

Available on ORBi :

since 06 May 2024

Statistics

Number of views

84 (2 by ULiège)

Number of downloads

0 (0 by ULiège)

More statistics

Scopus citations^®

Scopus citations^®
without self-citations

OpenAlex citations

Bibliography

Colinet, A. (1993). La climatisation automobile. Editions techniques pour l'automobile et l'industrie.
Daly, S. (2006). Automotive Air Conditioning and Climate Control Systems. Butterworth-Heinemann.
Maake, W., Eckert, H.-J., and Cauchepin, J.L. (1993). Le Pohlmann: manuel technique du froid, vol. 2, 1, 1204. PYC Livres.
Schnubel, M. (2016). Today's TechniciansTM: Classroom Manual for Automotive Heating &Air Conditioning, 6the. Boston, USA: Cengage Learning.
Transport & Environment (1998). EU publishes climate strategy to exit oil. Available: https://www.transportenvironment.org/discover/eu-publishes-climate-strategy-exit-oil/ (accessed 9 May 2022).
Bell, I.H., Wronski, J., Quoilin, S., and Lemort, V. (2014). Pure and pseudo-pure fluid thermophysical property evaluation and the open-source thermophysical property library coolprop. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 53 (6): 2498-2508. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie4033999.
Braun, J.E. and Mitchell, J.W. (2012). Principles of Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning in Buildings. Wiley.
Çengel, Y.A. and Boles, M.A. (2006). Thermodynamics, An Engineering Approach, 5e. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Incropera, F.P. and DeWitt, D.P. (2002). Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 5e. Wiley.
Klein, S. and Nellis, G. (2016). Thermodynamics. Cambridge University Press.
Shah, R.K. and SekuliC, D.P. (2003). Fundamentals of Heat Exchanger Design. Wiley.
Amara, S. (1994). Elaboration et validation d'un modèle de transferts thermiques instationnaires gaz-paroi dans la chambre de combustion d'un moteur. PhD thesis from Ecole Centrale de Lyon.
Annand, W.J.D. (1963). Heat transfer in the cylinder of a reciprocating internal engine. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers 177 (36).
Ap, N.S. (1999). A simple engine cooling system simulation model. SAE Technical Paper Series, 1999-01-0237.
Barrieu, E. (2011). EHRS impact on engine warm up and fuel economy. In: Directions in Engine-Efficiency and Emissions Research Conference (Deer 2011), October 3-6, 2011, Detroit, USA.
Bettoja, F., Perosino, A., Lemort, V., Guillaume, L., and Reiche, T. (2016). NoWaste: waste heat re-use for greener truck. In Proceedings of 6th Transport Research Arena. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2016.05.456
Çengel, Y.A. and Boles, M.A. (2006). Thermodynamics, an Engineering Approach, 5e. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Chanfreau M., B. Gessier, A. Farkh, and Geels, P. Y. (2003). The need for an electrical water valve in a THErmal Management Intelligent System (THEMISTM). SAE Technical Paper Series 2003-01-0274.
Diehl, P., Haubner, F., Klopstein, S., and Koch, F. (2001). Exhaust heat recovery system for modern cars, SAE Technical Paper 2001-01-1020, https://doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-1020.
Ferguson, C.R. and Kirkpatrick, A.T. (2015). Internal Combustion Engines: Applied Thermosciences. Wiley. ProQuest Ebook Central https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/unideliege/detail.action?docID=4039918.
Galindo, J., V. Dolz, A. Tiseira, A. Ponce-Mora, Thermodynamic analysis and optimization of a jet ejector refrigeration cycle used to cool down the intake air in an IC engine, International Journal of Refrigeration 103 (2019) 253-263. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2019.04.019.
Galuppo, F., Reiche, T., Lemort, V. et al. (2021). Organic Rankine cycle based waste heat recovery modeling and control of the low pressure side using direct condensation and dedicated fans. Energy 216: 119074.
Guillaume, L. and Lemort, V. (2019). Comparison of different ORC typologies for heavy-duty trucks by means of a thermo-economic optimization. Energy 182: 706-728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.05.195.
Heywood, J.B. (1988). Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals, Series in Mechanical Engineering. McGraw-Hill.
Hillier, V.A.W. and Coombes, P. (2004). Hillier's Fundamentals of Motor Vehicle Technology. Book 1, 5e. Nelson Thornes Ltd.
Jambukar, V., Aher, V., and Wakchaure, V. (2014). Hydraulic system for fan drive application to cool engine effectively. International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR) 2 (7): 4-9.
Lee, J., Ohn, H., Choi, J., Kim, S. et al. (2011). Development of effective exhaust gas heat recovery system for a hybrid electric vehicle, SAE Technical Paper 2011-01-1171 https://doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-1171.
Legros, A., Guillaume, L., Diny, M. et al. (2014). Comparison and impact of waste heat recovery technologies on passenger car fuel consumption on a normalized driving cycle. Energies 7 (8): 5273-5290.
Pang, H.H. and Brace, C.J. (2004). Review of engine cooling technologies for modern engines. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D Journal of Automobile Engineering 218: 1209-1215.
Schaub, U.W., and Charles, H.N. (1980). Ram Air Effects on the Air Side Cooling System Performance of a Typical North American Passenger Car. SAE paper n° 800032.
Scott, T. and Xie, Z. (2007). Viscous fan drive model for robust cooling air flow simulation, SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-0595. https://doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-0595.
Sieder, E. N., and Tate, E. C. (1936). Heat transfer and pressure drop of liquids in tubes. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 28: 1429-1436.
Taylor, C.F. (1985). The Internal Combustion Engine in Theory and Practice. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
Tornatore, C., Bozza, F., De Bellis, V. et al. (2019). Experimental and numerical study on the influence of cooled EGR on knock tendency, performance and emissions of a downsized spark-ignition engine. Energy, Volume 172: 968-976. ISSN 0360-5442.
Verner, D.G. (2000). General ram Correlations for automobiles. Master Thesis, Texas Tech University.
Volkswagen, A.G. (2006). Programme autodidactique 359. Le moteur TSI de 1,4l à double suralimentation. Conception et fonctionnement. 000.2811.73.40 Définition technique 03.2006
Wei, H., Zhu, T., Shu, G. et al. (2012). Gasoline engine exhaust gas recirculation - a review. Applied Energy 99 (2012): 534-544.
Woschni, G. (1967) A universally application equation of the instantaneous heat transfer coefficient in the internal combustion engine. SAE Paper 670931.
Abraham, G.S., Ravikumar, A.S., and Shah, R.K. (2006). Design considerations for an integral-receiver dryer condenser. In: SAE 2006 World Congress & Exhibition. Paper 2006-01-0725.
ASHRAE (2002). Chapter 45: Refrigerant-control devices. In: 2002 ASHRAE Handbook—Refrigeration. Atlanta: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
ASHRAE (2003a). Chapter 33: Solar energy use. In: 2003 ASHRAE Handbook—HVAC Applications. Atlanta: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
ASHRAE (2003b). Chapter 53: Radiant heating and cooling. In: 2003 ASHRAE Handbook—HVAC Applications. Atlanta: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
ASHRAE (2005a). Chapter 8: Thermal comfort. In: 2005 ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals. Atlanta: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
ASHRAE (2005b). Chapter 30: Nonresidential cooling and heating load calculations. In: 2005 ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals. Atlanta: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
ASHRAE (2005c). Chapter 31: Fenestration. In: 2005 ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals. Atlanta: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
ASHRAE (2008). Chapter 37: Compressors. In: 2008 ASHRAE Handbook—HVAC Systems and Equipment. Atlanta: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
Aw, K.T. and Ooi, K.T. (2021). A review on sliding vane and rolling piston compressors. Machines 9 (6): 125. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines9060125.
Benouali, J., Clodic, D., and Malvicino, C. (2002). External and internal control compressors for mobile air-conditioning systems. International Compressor Engineering Conference. Paper 1614. http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/icec/1614.
Boewe, D., Bullard, C.W., Yin, J., and Hrnjak, P. (2001). Contribution of internal heat exchanger to transcriticai R-744 cycle performance. HVAC&R Research 7: 155-168. https://doi.org/10.1080/10789669.2001.10391268.
Breque, F. (2017). Etude et amélioration d'une pompe à chaleur pour véhicule électrique en conditions de givrage. Energie électrique. Université Paris sciences et lettres. Français. . .
Bullard, C.W., Yin, J.M., and Hrnjak, P.S. (2000). Transcritical CO2 mobile heat pump and A/C system. Experimental and model results. SAE Automotive Alternate Refrigerants Symposium, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA.
Choo, W.C. (2021). Development of multi-vane Revolving Vane (RV) compressor. PhD thesis. Nanyang Technological University. Singapore (NTU Singapore).
Cola, F., De Gennaro, M., Perocchio, D. et al. (2016). Integrated receivers with bottom subcooling for automotive air conditioning: detailed experimental study of their filling capacity. International Journal of Refrigeration 62: 72-84. ISSN 0140-7007.
Colinet, A. (1993). La climatisation automobile, Editions techniques pour l'automobile et l'industrie.
Cuevas, C., Winandy, E., and Lebrun, J. (2008). Testing and modelling of an automotive wobble plate compressor. International Journal of Refrigeration 31 (3): 423-431.
Daly, S. (2006). Automotive Air Conditioning and Climate Control Systems. Butterworth-Heinemann.
DuBois, D. and DuBois, E.F. (1916). A formula to estimate approximate surface area, if height and weight are known. Archives of Internal Medicine 17: 863-871.
Duffie, J.A. and Beckman, W.A. (1980). Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes. New York: Wiley.
Fanger, P.O. (1970). Thermal Comfort Analysis and Applications in Environmental Engineering. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Fanger, P.O. (1982). Thermal Comfort. Malabar, FL: Robert E. Krieger.
Fayazbakhsh, M. and Bahrami, M. (2013). Comprehensive modeling of vehicle air conditioning loads using heat balance method, SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-1507, doi: https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-1507.
Ghosh, D., Wang, M., Wolfe, E. et al. (2012). Energy efficient HVAC system with spot cooling in an automobile - Design and CFD analysis. SAE International Journal of Passenger Vehicle Systems 5 (2): doi: 10.4271/2012-01-0641.
Gillet, T. (2018). Étude expérimentale et modélisation numérique d'un système de climatisation multi-évaporateurs pour véhicule électrifié. Unpublished doctoral thesis. ULiège - Université de Liège.
Holmér, I. (2005). Evaluation of vehicle climate. In: Environmental Ergonomics, The Ergonomocs of Human Comfort, Health and Performance in the Thermal Environment (ed. Y. Tochihara and T. Ohnaka). Elsevier.
Huelle, Z.R. (1972). The MSS line - a new approach to hunting problem. ASHRAE Journal 43-46.
Ishii, N., Abe, Y., Taguchi, T., and Kitamura, T. (1990). Dynamic behavior of a variable displacement wobble plate compressor for automotive air conditioners. In: Proceedings of the International Compressor Engineering Conference at Purdue, 345-353.
ISO (2006). Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Evaluation of thermal environments in vehicles - Part 2: Determination of equivalent temperature. ISO 14505-2:2006.
ISO (2006). Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Evaluation of thermal environments in vehicles - Part 3: Evaluation of thermal comfort using human subjects. ISO 14505-3:2006.
ISO (2007). Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Evaluation of thermal environments in vehicles - Part 1: Principles and methods for assessment of thermal stress. ISO 14505-1:2007.
Klein, S.A. (2007). TRNSYS 16 Program Manual. Solar Energy Laboratory, University of Wisconsin: Madison, USA.
Knibbs, L.D., de Dear, R.J., and Atkinson, S.E. (2009). Field study of air change and flow rate in six automobiles. Indoor Air 19: 303-313.
Madsen, T.L., Olesen, B.W., and Christensen, N.L. (1984). Comparison between operative and equivalent temperature under typical indoor conditions. ASHRAE Transactions 90 (Part 1).
Marcos, D., Pino, F.J., Bordons, C., and Guerra, J.J. (2014). The development and validation of a thermal model for the cabin of a vehicle. Applied Thermal Engineering 66 (1-2): 646-656.
Moan, J. (2001). Visible light and UV radiation. In: Radiation at Home (ed. D. Brune). Outdoors and in the Workplace: Scandinavian Science Publisher.
Monforte, R. (2001). Identification of the numerical model for an automotive application thermostatic expansion valve. SAE Technical Paper 2001-01-1700. https://doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-1700.
Pomme, V. (1999). Improved automotive A/C systems using a new forced subcooling technique. SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-1192. https://doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-1192.
Pottker, G. and Hrnjak, P.S. (2012a). Effect of condenser subcooling of the performance of vapor compression systems: experimental and numerical investigation. International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference. Paper 1328. http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/iracc/1328.
Pottker, G. and Hrnjak, P.S. (2012b). Designated vs non-designated areas for condenser subcooling. International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference. Paper 1332. http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/iracc/1332
Rugh, J. and Farrington, R. (2008). Vehicle ancillary load reduction project close-our report. An overview of the task and a compilation of the research results. Technical Report NREL/TP-540-42454.
SAE J2234 (1993). Equivalent temperature. Surface Vehicle Information Report, sae.org, J2234.
Saint Gobain (2013). Thermal Comfort, Glazing that keeps the cool. Technical documentation.
Schnubel, M. (2016). Today's TechniciansTM: Classroom Manual for Automotive Heating &Air Conditioning, 6e. Boston, USA: Cengage Learning.
Seo, J. and Choi, Y. (2013). Estimation of the air quality ofa vehicle interior: The effect of the ratio of fresh air to recirculated air from a heating, ventilation and air-conditioning system. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 227 (8): 1162-1172.
Shonda, O. (2013). Solutions for EVs: thermal management enabling a higher range. Paper presented at 3rd International Conference on Thermal Management for EV/HEV, 24-26 June 2013, Darmstadt, Germany.
Sullivan, R. and Selkowitz, S. (1990). Effects of glazing and ventilation options on automobile air conditioner size and performance. SAE Technical Paper Series, no. 900219. 15 pp. Society of Automotive Engineers: Warrendale, PA.
Torregrosa-Jaime, B., Bjurling, F., Corberán, J.M. et al. (2015). Transient thermal model of a vehicle's cabin validated under variable ambient conditions. Applied Thermal Engineering 75: 45-53.
Toyota Industries Corporation (2022. Continuous variable-displacement type compressors. https://www.toyota-industries.com/products/automobile/compressor/variable/index.html#internally (accessed 23 April 2022).
Wang, S.K. (2001). Handbook of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration. McGraw-Hill.
Wang, M., Wolfe, E., Ghosh, D., Bozeman, J. et al. (2014). Localized cooling for human comfort, SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars: Mechanical Systems 7(2): 2014, doi: https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-0686.
Yamanaka, Y., Matsuo, H., Tuzuki, K., Tsuboko, T. et al. (1997). Development of sub-cool system. SAE Technical Paper 970110. https://doi.org/10.4271/970110.
Bandhauer, T.M., Garimella, S., and Fuller, T.F. (2011). A critical review of thermal issues in Lithium-ion batteries. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 158 (3): R1-R25.
Bernardi, D., Pawlikowski, E., and Newman, J. (1985). A general energy balance for battery systems. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 132 (1): 5-12.
Bertin, Y., Videcoq, E., Thieblin, S., and Petit, D. (2000). Thermal behavior of an electrical motor through a reduced model. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 15 (2).
Buller, S., Thele, M., De Doncker, R.W.A.A., and Karden, E. (2005). Impedance-based simulation models of supercapacitors and Li-ion batteries for power electronic applications. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 41 (3): 742-747. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2005.847280.
Caricchi, F., Crescimbini, F., and Di Napoli, A. (1996). Prototype of innovative wheel direct drive with water-cooled axial-flux PM motor for electric vehicle applications. In: Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 764-770. APEC.
Chan, C.C. (2007). The state of the art of electric, hybrid, and fuel cell vehicles. Proceedings of the IEEE 95 (4): 704-718.
Daccord, R., and Wang, J. (2021). The end of range anxiety thanks to fast charging and immersion cooling in BEVs. Presentation at the 4th Global NEV Thermal Management Summit 2021 & China Fuel Cell Vehicle Forum 2021. December 1-3, 2021, Shanghai, China.
Davila, C., Paulus, N., and Lemort, V. (2022). Experimental Investigation of a Micro-CHP Unit Driven by Natural Gas for Residential Buildings. In: Proceedings of the 7th International High Performance Buildings Conference at Purdue. Purdue, United States - Indiana: Purdue University, paper 2390.
Dechesne, B., Gendebien, S., Martens, J. et al. (2014). Designing and testing an air-PCM heat exchanger for building ventilation application coupled to energy storage. In: 2014 Purdue Conferences Proceedings.
Emadi, A.Y., Lee, J., and Rajashekara, K. (2008). Power electronics and motor drives in electric, hybrid electric, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 55 (6): 2237-2245. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2008.922768.
Feng, L. and Hrnjak, P. (2016). Experimental and numerical study of a Mobile reversible air conditioning heat pump system. Proceedings of the 16th Internal Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue. July 11-14, 2016.
van Gils, R., Danilov, D., Notten, P. et al. (2014). Battery thermal management by boiling heat-transfer. Energy Conversion and Management. 79: 9-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2013.12.006.
Girmscheid, F. (2014). Battery cooling concepts for PHEV and BEV. Halla Visteon Climate Control Corp.
ICCT, International Council on Clean Transportation Europe (2020), European Vehicle Market Statistics, Pocketbook 2020/21.
Karimi, G. and Li, X. (2012). Thermal management of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles. International Journal of Energy Research 37: 13-24. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.1956.
Kolp, E., Huber, C., and Jossen, A. (2016). Designing Thermally Safe Battery Packs for Electric Vehicle Applications. Presentation in Int. Forum Automotive Thermal Management 2016. Chester, U.K.
Leighton, D. (2015). Combined fluid loop thermal management for electric drive vehicle range improvement. SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars—Mechanical Systems 8 (2): doi: 10.4271/2015-01-1709.
Liu, G., Ouyang, M., Lu, L. et al. (2014). Analysis of the heat generation of lithium-ion battery during charging and discharging considering different influencing factors. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 2014 (116): 1001-1010.
Luo, J., Zou, D., Wang, Y. et al. (2022). Battery thermal management systems (BTMs) based on phase change material (PCM): a comprehensive review. Chemical Engineering Journal 430 (Part 1): 132741.
Ma, S., Jiang, M., Tao, P. et al. (2018). Temperature effect and thermal impact in lithium-ion batteries: a review. Progress in Natural Science: Materials International 28 (6): 653-666.
Nicolle, T., Kapaun, F., Lasserre, P., Piaud, B., Dupont, V., and Ybanez, L. (2021). Using loop heat pipe solutions, and a dielectric fluid, to cool SiC MOSFET power modules for aircraft systems. In Proceedings of Joint 20th IHPC and 14th IHPS, Gelendzhik, Russia.
Noura, N., Boulon, L., and Jemeï, S. (2020). A review of battery state of health estimation methods: hybrid electric vehicle challenges. World Electric Vehicle Journal 11: 66.
Paulus, N. and Lemort, V. (2022). Field-test performance of solid oxyde fuel cells (SOFC) for residential cogeneration applications. In: Proceedings of the 7th International High Performance Buildings Conference at Purdue. Purdue, United States - Indiana: Purdue University.
Pesaran, A., Vlahinos, A., and Burch, S. (1997). Thermal performance of EV and HEV battery modules and packs. In: Proceedings of the 14th international electric vehicle symposium, Orlando, Florida; December 15-17.
Pesaran, A., Santhanagopalan, S., and Kim, G.H. (2013). Addressing the impact of temperature extremes on large format Li-ion batteries for vehicle applications, Presented at: Proceedings of the 30th International Battery Seminar, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida.
Petzl, M., Kasper, M., and Danzer, M.A. (2015). Lithium plating in a commercial lithium-ion battery - a low-temperature aging study. Journal of Power Sources 275: 799-807.
Pischinger, S., Genender, P., Klopstein, S., and Hemkemeyer, D. (2014). Challenges in thermal management of hybrid and electric vehicles. ATZ 116: 36-40.
Polikarpova, M. (2014). Liquid cooling solutions for rotating permanent magnet synchronous machines. Acta Universitatis Lappeenrantaensis 597.
Remsburg, R. and Hager, J. (2007). Direct integration of IGBT power modules to liquid cooling arrays. 23rd international electric vehicle symposium and exposition, December 2-5, 2007; pp. 366-391.
Smith, K., Markel, T., and Pesaran, A. (2008). System Tradeoffs in Temperature, Lifetime, and Cost for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Batteries, U.S. Dept. of Energy Milestone Report (2008). Golden, Colorado, USA: National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
Solai, E., Guadagnini, M., Beaugendre, H. et al. (2022). Validation of a data-driven fast numerical model to simulate the immersion cooling of a lithium-ion battery pack. Energy 249: 123633.
Valenzuela, J., Jasinski, T., and Sheikh, Z. (2005). Liquid cooling for high-power electronics. Power Electronics Technology.
Voelker, P. (2014). Trace degradation analysis of lithium-ion battery components. R&DMagazine.
Wang, Y., Sauer, D.-U., Koehne, S., and Ersoez, A. (2014). Dynamic modeling of high temperature PEM fuel cell start-up process. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 39 (33): 19067-11907.