assessing water competency; psychometric tests of water skills; swimming safety; water safety
Abstract :
[en] In its recent development, the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Water Competence (PSPWC) showed good face and construct validity. However, additional reliability and validity research is needed, including test-retest reliability and a demonstration of the relationship between PSPWEC test scores and actual water competence. Toward that aim, we administered the PSPWC to 124 children, aged 5-8 years. We repeated this test administration after one week for a subset of 55 children to determine its test-retest reliability, and the remaining 69 children also performed the fully aligned Actual Aquatic Skills Test (AAST) in an indoor swimming pool to provide data for our investigation of the relationship between PSPWC scores and actual water competence. We found good test-retest reliability, both at the global level (ICC = 0.81, n = 55) and at the level of individual skills (Weighted kappa coefficients from 0.58 to 0.90), with no significant differences between these two test scores. We also found a moderate positive relationship between PSPWC and AAST total scores (r = .64, n = 69), with no significant difference between total scores of actual and perceived water competencies. Children overestimated their competence in three specific skills: the back star, swimming on the front, and diving in deep water. While these results underline specific situations in which children's higher self-perceptions of their water competence are a risk factor for their water safety, these data confirm that the PSPWC is reliable for measuring children's perceived competencies in aquatic education and drowning prevention, and there is further support for its validity through a moderate correlation with actual water competencies.
Disciplines :
Education & instruction
Author, co-author :
Jidovtseff, Boris ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des Sciences de l'activité physique et de la réadaptation > Déterminants de la performance et aspects généraux de l'entraînement - Aspects spécifiques de l'entraînement y compris de haut niveau
Morgado, Liliane De Sousa; Department of Physical activity and Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Unit for a Life-Course Perspective on Health and Education, CEReKi, University of Liege, Liège, Belgium
Sääkslahti, Arja ; Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
Howells, Kristy ; Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK
Barnett, Lisa M; Faculty of Health, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
D'Hondt, Eva ; Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
Costa, Aldo M ; Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal ; Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, Vila Real, Portugal
De Martelaer, Kristine ; Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
Language :
English
Title :
An Evaluation of the Reliability of the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Water Competence and Its Relationship With Actual Water Competence.
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