N. Arnoult, J. Karlseder, Complex interactions between the DNA-damage response and mammalian telomeres. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 22, 859–866 (2015).
E. H. Blackburn, E. S. Epel, J. Lin, Human telomere biology: A contributory and interactive factor in aging, disease risks, and protection. Science 350, 1193–1198 (2015).
M. Kaeberlein, P. S. Rabinovitch, G. M. Martin, Healthy aging: The ultimate preventative medicine. Science 350, 1191–1193 (2015).
C. M. Azzalin, P. Reichenbach, L. Khoriauli, E. Giulotto, J. Lingner, Telomeric repeat–containing RNA and RNA surveillance factors at mammalian chromosome ends. Science 318, 798–801 (2007).
S. G. Nergadze, B. O. Farnung, H. Wischnewski, L. Khoriauli, V. Vitelli, R. Chawla, E. Giulotto, C. M. Azzalin, CpG-island promoters drive transcription of human telomeres. RNA 15, 2186–2194 (2009).
N. Arnoult, A. Van Beneden, A. Decottignies, Telomere length regulates TERRA levels through increased trimethylation of telomeric H3K9 and HP1a. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 19, 948–956 (2012).
K. Rippe, B. Luke, TERRA and the state of the telomere. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 22, 853–858 (2015).
A. Porro, S. Feuerhahn, P. Reichenbach, J. Lingner, Molecular dissection of telomeric repeat-containing RNA biogenesis unveils the presence of distinct and multiple regulatory pathways. Mol. Cell. Biol. 30, 4808–4817 (2010).
R. L. Flynn, R. C. Centore, R. J. O’Sullivan, R. Rai, A. Tse, Z. Songyang, S. Chang, J. Karlseder, L. Zou, TERRA and hnRNPA1 orchestrate an RPA-to-POT1 switch on telomeric single-stranded DNA. Nature 471, 532–536 (2011).
Z. Deng, Z. Wang, N. Stong, R. Plasschaert, A. Moczan, H.-S. Chen, S. Hu, P. Wikramasinghe, R. V. Davuluri, M. S. Bartolomei, H. Riethman, P. M. Lieberman, A role for CTCF and cohesin in subtelomere chromatin organization, TERRA transcription, and telomere end protection. EMBO J. 31, 4165–4178 (2012).
H. Episkopou, I. Draskovic, A. Van Beneden, G. Tilman, M. Mattiussi, M. Gobin, N. Arnoult, A. Londoño-Vallejo, A. Decottignies, Alternative lengthening of telomeres is characterized by reduced compaction of telomeric chromatin. Nucleic Acids Res. 42, 4391–4405 (2014).
R. Eid, M.-V. Demattei, H. Episkopou, C. Augé-Gouillou, A. Decottignies, N. Grandin, M. Charbonneau, Genetic inactivation of ATRX leads to a decrease in the amount of telomeric cohesin and level of telomere transcription in human glioma cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 35, 2818–2830 (2015).
N. Stong, Z. Deng, R. Gupta, S. Hu, S. Paul, A. K. Weiner, E. E. Eichler, T. Graves, C. C. Fronick, L. Courtney, R. K. Wilson, P. M. Lieberman, R. V. Davuluri, H. Riethman, Subtelomeric CTCF and cohesin binding site organization using improved subtelomere assemblies and a novel annotation pipeline. Genome Res. 24, 1039–1050 (2014).
K. Cartharius, K. Frech, K. Grote, B. Klocke, M. Haltmeier, A. Klingenhoff, M. Frisch, M. Bayerlein, T. Werner, MatInspector and beyond: Promoter analysis based on transcription factor binding sites. Bioinformatics 21, 2933–2942 (2005).
R. C. Scarpulla, Nuclear control of respiratory chain expression by nuclear respiratory factors and PGC-1-related coactivator. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1147, 321–334 (2008).
M. C. Chan, Z. Arany, The many roles of PGC-1a in muscle—Recent developments. Metabolism 63, 441–451 (2014).
S. Domcke, A. F. Bardet, P. Adrian Ginno, D. Harti, L. Burger, D. Schübeler, Competition between DNA methylation and transcription factors determines binding of NRF1. Nature 528, 575–579 (2015).
P. J. Fernandez-Marcos, J. Auwerx, Regulation of PGC-1a, a novel regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 93, 884S–890S (2011).
H. Pilegaard, B. Saltin, P.D. Neufer, Exercise induces transient transcriptional activation of the PGC-1a gene in human skeletal muscle. J. Physiol. 546, 851–858 (2003).
M. B. Hock, A. Kralli, Transcriptional control of mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 71, 177–203 (2009).
D. C. Wright, D.-H. Han, P. M. Garcia-Roves, P. C. Geiger, T. E. Jones, J. O. Holloszy, Exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis begins before the increase in muscle PGC-1a expression. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 194–199 (2007).
B. Viollet, L. Lantier, J. Devin-Leclerc, S. Hébrard, C. Amouyal, R. Mounier, M. Foretz, F. Andreelli, Targeting the AMPK pathway for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Front. Biosci. 14, 3380–3400 (2009).
H. Izumi, R. Ohta, G. Nagatani, T. Ise, Y. Nakayama, M. Nomoto, K. Kohno, p300/CBP-associated factor (P/CAF) interacts with nuclear respiratory factor-1 to regulate the UDP-N-acetyl-a-D-galactosamine: Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-3 gene. Biochem. J. 373, 713–722 (2003).
N. Gleyzer, K. Vercauteren, R. C. Scarpulla, Control of mitochondrial transcription specificity factors (TFB1M and TFB2M) by nuclear respiratory factors (NRF-1 and NRF-2) and PGC-1 family coactivators. Mol. Cell. Biol. 25, 1354–1366 (2005).
C. Lukas, V. Savic, S. Bekker-Jensen, C. Doil, B. Neumann, R. S. Pedersen, M. Grøfte, K. L. Chan, I. D. Hickson, J. Bartek, J. Lukas, 53BP1 nuclear bodies form around DNA lesions generated by mitotic transmission of chromosomes under replication stress. Nat. Cell Biol. 13, 243–253 (2011).
E. Cusanelli, C. A. Romero, P. Chartrand, Telomeric noncoding RNA TERRA is induced by telomere shortening to nucleate telomerase molecules at short telomeres. Mol. Cell 51, 780–791 (2013).
M. Moravec, H. Wischnewski, A. Bah, Y. Hu, N. Liu, L. Lafranchi, M. C. King, C. M. Azzalin, TERRA promotes telomerase-mediated telomere elongation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. EMBO Rep. 17, 999–1012 (2016).
C. Weierich, A. Brero, S. Stein, J. von Hase, C. Cremer, T. Cremer, I. Solovei, Three-dimensional arrangements of centromeres and telomeres in nuclei of human and murine lymphocytes. Chromosome Res. 11, 485–502 (2003).
E. Mundstock, H. Zatti, F. M. Louzada, S. G. Oliveira, F. T. C. R. Guma, M. M. Paris, A. B. Rueda, D. G. Machado, R. T. Stein, M. H. Jones, E. E. Sarria, F. M. Barbé-Tuana, R. Mattiello, Effects of physical activity in telomere length: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res. Rev. 22, 72–80 (2015).
A. Borghini, G. Giardini, A. Tonacci, F. Mastorci, A. Mercuri, S. M. Sposta, S. Moretti, M. G. Andreassi, L. Pratali, Chronic and acute effects of endurance training on telomere length. Mutagenesis 30, 711–716 (2015).
G. Saretzki, T. von Zglinicki, Replicative aging, telomeres, and oxidative stress. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 959, 24–29 (2002).
S. K. Powers, L. L. Ji, C. Leeuwenburgh, Exercise training-induced alterations in skeletal muscle antioxidant capacity: A brief review. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 31, 987–997 (1999).
E. Sahin, S. Colla, M. Liesa, J. Moslehi, F. L. Müller, M. Guo, M. Cooper, D. Kotton, A. J. Fabian, C. Walkey, R. S. Maser, G. Tonon, F. Foerster, R. Xiong, Y. A. Wang, S. A. Shukla, M. Jaskelioff, E. S. Martin, T. P. Heffernan, A. Protopopov, E. Ivanova, J. E. Mahoney, M. Kost-Alimova, S. R. Perry, R. Bronson, R. Liao, R. Mulligan, O. S. Shirihai, L. Chin, R. A. DePinho, Telomere dysfunction induces metabolic and mitochondrial compromise. Nature 470, 359–365 (2011).
E. Sahin, R. A. DePinho, Axis of ageing: Telomeres, p53 and mitochondria. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 13, 397–404 (2012).
A. Safdar, J. M. Bourgeois, D. I. Ogborn, J. P. Little, B. P. Hettinga, M. Akhtar, J. E. Thompson, S. Melov, N. J. Mocellin, G. C. Kujoth, T. A. Prolla, M. A. Tarnopolsky, Endurance exercise rescues progeroid aging and induces systemic mitochondrial rejuvenation in mtDNA mutator mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108, 4135–4140 (2011).
E. Jean, D. Laoudj-Chenivesse, C. Notarnicola, K. Rouger, N. Serratrice, A. Bonnieu, S. Gay, F. Bacou, C. Duret, G. Carnac, Aldehyde dehydrogenase activity promotes survival of human muscle precursor cells. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 15, 119–133 (2011).
M. Foretz, S. Hébrard, J. Leclerc, E. Zarrinpashneh, M. Soty, G. Mithieux, K. Sakamoto, F. Andreelli, B. Viollet, Metformin inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis in mice independently of the LKB1/AMPK pathway via a decrease in hepatic energy state. J. Clin. Invest. 120, 2355–2369 (2010).
R. Van Thienen, G. D’Hulst, L. Deldicque, P. Hespel, Biochemical artifacts in experiments involving repeated biopsies in the same muscle. Physiol. Rep. 2, e00286 (2014).
J. Boros, N. Arnoult, V. Stroobant, J.-F. Collet, A. Decottignies, Polycomb repressive complex 2 and H3K27me3 cooperate with H3K9 methylation to maintain heterochromatin protein 1a at chromatin. Mol. Cell. Biol. 34, 3662–3674 (2014).
R. Basu, L.-T. Lai, Z. Meng, J. Wu, F. Shao, L.-F. Zhang, Using amino-labeled nucleotide probes for simultaneous single molecule RNA-DNA FISH. PLOS One 9, e107425 (2014).
D. J. Mahoney, K. Carey, M.-H. Fu, R. Snow, D. Cameron-Smith, G. Parise, M. A. Tarnopolsky, Real-time RT-PCR analysis of housekeeping genes in human skeletal muscle following acute exercise. Physiol. Genomics 18, 226–231 (2004).
E. Escoffier, A. Rezza, A. Roborel de Climens, A. Belleville, L. Gazzolo, E. Gilson, M. Duc Dodon, A balanced transcription between telomerase and the telomeric DNA-binding proteins TRF1, TRF2 and Pot1 in resting, activated, HTLV-1-transformed and Tax-expressing human T lymphocytes. Retrovirology 2, 77 (2005).
G. Tilman, A. Loriot, A. Van Beneden, N. Arnoult, J. A. Londoño-Vallejo, C. De Smet, A. Decottignies, Subtelomeric DNA hypomethylation is not required for telomeric sister chromatid exchanges in ALT cells. Oncogene 28, 1682–1693 (2009).
S. Sampl, S. Pramhas, C. Stern, M. Preusser, C. Marosi, K. Holzmann, Expression of telomeres in astrocytoma WHO grade 2 to 4: TERRA level correlates with telomere length, telomerase activity, and advanced clinical grade. Transl. Oncol. 5, 56–65 (2012).
N. Gonen, Y. G. Assaraf, The obligatory intestinal folate transporter PCFT (SLC46A1) is regulated by nuclear respiratory factor 1. J. Biol. Chem. 285, 33602–33613 (2010).