adoptive cell transfer; cytokines; immune checkpoint inhibitors; monoclonal antibodies; vaccines; Oncology; Cancer Research
Abstract :
[en] Conventional cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy have reached their therapeutic potential, leaving a gap for developing more effective cancer therapeutics. Cancer cells evade the immune system using various mechanisms of immune tolerance, underlying the potential impact of immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer. Immunotherapy includes several approaches such as activating the immune system in a cytokine-dependent manner, manipulating the feedback mechanisms involved in the immune response, enhancing the immune response via lymphocyte expansion and using cancer vaccines to elicit long-lasting, robust responses. These techniques can be used as monotherapies or combination therapies. The present review describes the immune-based mechanisms involved in tumor cell proliferation and maintenance and the rationale underlying various treatment methods. In addition, the present review provides insight into the potential of immunotherapy used alone or in combination with various types of therapeutics.
Disciplines :
Human health sciences: Multidisciplinary, general & others
Author, co-author :
Hoteit, Mira; Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
Oneissi, Zeina; Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
Reda, Ranim; Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
Wakim, Fadi; Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
Zaidan, Amar; Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
Farran, Mohammad ; Université de Liège - ULiège > GIGA > GIGA Cancer - Tumours and development biology ; Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
Abi-Khalil, Elie; Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
El-Sibai, Mirvat; Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
Language :
English
Title :
Cancer immunotherapy: A comprehensive appraisal of its modes of application.
Publication date :
September 2021
Journal title :
Oncology Letters
ISSN :
1792-1074
eISSN :
1792-1082
Publisher :
Spandidos Publications, Greece
Volume :
22
Issue :
3
Pages :
655
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Funding text :
This work was supported by the Department of Natural Sciences at the School of Arts and Science at the Lebanese American University.
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