GLIS; conceptual; definitions; older people; sarcopenia; Male; Humans; Aged; Female; Delphi Technique; Consensus; Leadership; Muscle Strength/physiology; Sarcopenia/diagnosis; Sarcopenia/epidemiology; Geriatrics and Gerontology; Aging; General Medicine
Abstract :
[en] [en] IMPORTANCE: Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength/function, is an important clinical condition. However, no international consensus on the definition exists.
OBJECTIVE: The Global Leadership Initiative in Sarcopenia (GLIS) aimed to address this by establishing the global conceptual definition of sarcopenia.
DESIGN: The GLIS steering committee was formed in 2019-21 with representatives from all relevant scientific societies worldwide. During this time, the steering committee developed a set of statements on the topic and invited members from these societies to participate in a two-phase International Delphi Study. Between 2022 and 2023, participants ranked their agreement with a set of statements using an online survey tool (SurveyMonkey). Statements were categorised based on predefined thresholds: strong agreement (>80%), moderate agreement (70-80%) and low agreement (<70%). Statements with strong agreement were accepted, statements with low agreement were rejected and those with moderate agreement were reintroduced until consensus was reached.
RESULTS: 107 participants (mean age: 54 ± 12 years [1 missing age], 64% men) from 29 countries across 7 continents/regions completed the Delphi survey. Twenty statements were found to have a strong agreement. These included; 6 statements on 'general aspects of sarcopenia' (strongest agreement: the prevalence of sarcopenia increases with age (98.3%)), 3 statements on 'components of sarcopenia' (muscle mass (89.4%), muscle strength (93.1%) and muscle-specific strength (80.8%) should all be a part of the conceptual definition of sarcopenia)) and 11 statements on 'outcomes of sarcopenia' (strongest agreement: sarcopenia increases the risk of impaired physical performance (97.9%)). A key finding of the Delphi survey was that muscle mass, muscle strength and muscle-specific strength were all accepted as 'components of sarcopenia', whereas impaired physical performance was accepted as an 'outcome' rather than a 'component' of sarcopenia.
CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: The GLIS has created the first global conceptual definition of sarcopenia, which will now serve to develop an operational definition for clinical and research settings.
Disciplines :
Geriatrics Public health, health care sciences & services
Author, co-author :
Kirk, Ben; Department of Medicine, Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia ; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Cawthon, Peggy M; California Pacific Medical Center, Research Institute, 550 16th Street, Second Floor, San Francisco, CA 94143USA ; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CAUSA
Arai, Hidenori; National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, AichiJapan
Ávila-Funes, José A ; Department of Geriatrics, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico ; Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux F-33000, France
Barazzoni, Rocco; Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
Bhasin, Shalender; Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MAUSA
Binder, Ellen F; Division of General Medicine and Geriatrics, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis MO, USA
Bruyère, Olivier ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la santé publique > Santé publique, Epidémiologie et Economie de la santé
Cederholm, Tommy; Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden ; Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Chen, Liang-Kung; Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan ; Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
Cooper, Cyrus ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la santé publique > Santé publique, Epidémiologie et Economie de la santé ; MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK ; Department of Epidemiology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OXUK
Duque, Gustavo; Bone, Muscle & Geroscience Group, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada ; Dr Joseph Kaufmann Chair in Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
Fielding, Roger ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la santé publique > Santé publique, Epidémiologie et Economie de la santé ; Nutrition Exercise, Physiology, and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MAUSA
Guralnik, Jack; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MDUSA
Kiel, Douglas P; Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MAUSA
Reginster, Jean-Yves ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la santé publique ; WHO Collaborating Center for Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Liège, Belgium ; Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Sayer, Avan A; AGE Research Group, NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Hospitals and Faculty of Medical Sciences Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
Visser, Marjolein; Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ; The Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
von Haehling, Stephan; Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medicine Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany ; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
Woo, Jean; Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
Cruz-Jentoft, Alfonso J; Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
Global Leadership Initiative in Sarcopenia (GLIS) group
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