Space and Planetary Science; Astronomy and Astrophysics
Abstract :
[en] Abstract
Observations and statistical studies have shown that giant planets are rare around M dwarfs compared with Sun-like stars. The formation mechanism of these extreme systems has remained under debate for decades. With the help of the TESS mission and ground-based follow-up observations, we report the discovery of TOI-4201b, the most massive and densest hot Jupiter around an M dwarf known so far with a radius of 1.22 ± 0.04 R
J and a mass of 2.48 ± 0.09 M
J, about 5 times heavier than most other giant planets around M dwarfs. It also has the highest planet-to-star mass ratio (q ∼ 4 × 10−3) among such systems. The host star is an early M dwarf with a mass of 0.61 ± 0.02 M
⊙ and a radius of 0.63 ± 0.02 R
⊙. It has significant supersolar iron abundance ([Fe/H] = 0.52 ± 0.08 dex). However, interior structure modeling suggests that its planet TOI-4201b is metal-poor, which challenges the classical core-accretion correlation of stellar−planet metallicity, unless the planet is inflated by additional energy sources. Building on the detection of this planet, we compare the stellar metallicity distribution of four planetary groups: hot/warm Jupiters around G/M dwarfs. We find that hot/warm Jupiters show a similar metallicity dependence around G-type stars. For M-dwarf host stars, the occurrence of hot Jupiters shows a much stronger correlation with iron abundance, while warm Jupiters display a weaker preference, indicating possible different formation histories.
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Gan, Tianjun
Cadieux, Charles
Jahandar, Farbod
Vazan, Allona
Wang, Sharon X.
Mao, Shude
Alvarado-Montes, Jaime A.
Lin, D. N. C.
Artigau, Étienne
Cook, Neil J.
Doyon, René
Mann, Andrew W.
Stassun, Keivan G.
Burgasser, Adam J.
Rackham, Benjamin V.
Howell, Steve B.
Collins, Karen A.
Barkaoui, Khalid ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Exoplanets in Transit: Identification and Characterization
Shporer, Avi
de Leon, Jerome
Arnold, Luc
Ricker, George R.
Vanderspek, Roland
Latham, David W.
Seager, Sara
Winn, Joshua N.
Jenkins, Jon M.
Burdanov, Artem
Charbonneau, David
Dransfield, Georgina
Fukui, Akihiko
Furlan, Elise
Gillon, Michaël ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO)
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