homocysteine; laughing gas; methylmalonic acid; nitrous oxide; vitamin B12; vitamin B9; Clinical Biochemistry; Biochemistry (medical); General Medicine
Abstract :
[en] Recreational use of nitrous oxide (N2O) has become a major health issue worldwide, with a high number of clinical events, especially in neurology and cardiology. It is essential to be able to detect and monitor N2O abuse to provide effective care and follow-up to these patients. Current recommendations for detecting N2O in cases of recreational misuse and consumption markers are lacking. We aimed to update current knowledge through a review of the literature on N2O measurement and kinetics. We reviewed the outcomes of experiments, whether in preclinical models (in vitro or in vivo), or in humans, with the aim to identify biomarkers of intoxication as well as biomarkers of clinical severity, for laboratory use. Because N2O is eliminated 5 min after inhalation, measuring it in exhaled air is of no value. Many studies have found that urine and blood matrices concentrations are connected to ambient concentrations, but there is no similar data for direct exposure. There have been no studies on N2O measurement in direct consumers. Currently, patients actively abusing N2O are monitored using effect biomarkers (biomarkers related to the effects of N2O on metabolism), such as vitamin B12, homocysteine and methylmalonic acid.
Disciplines :
Laboratory medicine & medical technology
Author, co-author :
Lucas, Angèle; CHU Lille, Centre de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, Service Hormonologie Métabolisme Nutrition Oncologie, Lille, France
Noyce, Alastair J; Centre for Preventive Neurology, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
Gernez, Emeline; CHU Lille, Centre de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, Service Hormonologie Métabolisme Nutrition Oncologie, Lille, France
El Khoury, Joe M ; Department of Laboratory Medicine, 12228 Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT, USA
Garcon, Guillaume; Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483, IMPECS - IMPact de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé, Lille, France
Cavalier, Etienne ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de pharmacie > Chimie médicale
Antherieu, Sébastien; Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483, IMPECS - IMPact de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé, Lille, France
Grzych, Guillaume; CHU Lille, Centre de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, Service Hormonologie Métabolisme Nutrition Oncologie, Lille, France
Language :
English
Title :
Nitrous oxide abuse direct measurement for diagnosis and follow-up: update on kinetics and impact on metabolic pathways.
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